Gravitational lensing can uncover dark matter.

“Artist’s impression illustrating how wave-like density patterns produced by ultralight dark matter could warp space and alter the path of light from a distant source. As the light travels past the lensing object on its way to Earth, it follows a distorted path shaped by the surrounding mass distribution. The reflective sphere symbolizes the still-unknown nature of dark matter. The image was created using 3D computer graphics software. Credit: Amruth Alfred.” (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter May Behave Like Waves and a Distant Quasar Could Prove It)

Distant quasars can prove that dark matter acts like waves. And if the mythical WIMP is a quantum-sized black hole. That explains gravitational waves. This means that the graviton is a WIMP. That missing graviton boson is just the traveling quantum-sized black hole. This means that. When. Those quantum-sized black holes travel through the universe. They bind energy from around them. And that can explain why gravity is so special. 

Dark matter can bend light. And that can make it possible to see the WIMP. Dark matter is a mystery. It is a gravitational effect with an invisible source. Some galaxies seem to have less dark matter than others. That tells us dark matter can be denser in some areas. And less dense. In some other areas. How dense could those dark matter nebulas be? Nobody knows. Could dark matter form black holes in a very dense energy field? It should. 

Have the ability. To form a black hole. If. Dark matter particles interact through gravity. They should. Have the ability. To form black holes. The black hole doesn’t just pull matter inside it. Its energy also pushes particles away.  So if WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are quantum-sized black holes. Their halos could have a stronger push effect. Compared. With the event horizon size. than so-called “regular” black holes do. 

The only fact that reseachers know about that strange phenomenon is this. Dark matter. Has gravitational interaction with visible matter. There are. Many things that dark matter could be. In some visions, dark matter is a particle. 

Inside some other particle. And if the particle spins very fast. That spin forms the quantum vacuum around the particle. 

When quantum fields from around the particle try to fill that point. That. Increases the pull of the particle’s gravitational field. When wave movement travels through that microvacuum. That microvacuum stretches it. Its wave movement becomes longer. 

Another version of that model is that Dark matter could be quantum-sized black holes. 

There is also a model. That dark matter is the cosmic minivacuums. Those microvacuums form when very high-energy particles travel outside the galaxy. When. Those particles travel out from the galactic halo. 

They suddenly go into a very low-energy space. This makes them release energy very fast. That forms a cosmic microvacuum. This acts like a particle. 

If. Particles like photons or electrons form outside the galaxy supercluster. They travel faster than they can travel in the supercluster. They release their energy into the plasma. That connects galaxies in the supercluster. And that forms the radiation. 

In some other models, dark energy and dark matter are connected to the universe’s expansion.

There could be a denser plasma wave at the outer border of the universe. That plasma formed when the Big Bang sent an energy wave into the universe. When. That energy wave traveled through space. There formed whirls in that energy. Those whirls turned into the first electrons and later quarks. 

Today, the expansion of the universe forms similar but lower-energy whirls behind that borderline of the universe. There. Could be cosmic microvacuums just inside the plasma wave. And when particles go into that microvacuum, they evaporate. 

If. We think that most of the matter in the universe is at the outer border of the universe. So. The border of the universe is heavier than the internal areas. If. Most galaxies are in that border. 

That means the border sends energy into the universe’s internal areas. There, that energy reflects. And pushes the outer border outward. If the outer border of the universe. Particles also escape from the universe. In that case, those particles also evaporate. They send radiation. And subparticles back to the universe. Those particles impact the universe’s borderline. And they travel faster. Than. They should. 

When those particles impact the universe. They. Must release their kinetic energy. This forms Cherenkov radiation in the universe. That radiation forms when quarks or some other particles hit the border of the universe. The same thing happens inside the plasma wave. But. When a particle evaporates inside that plasma wave. All energy and subparticles can escape from the universe only through that plasma border. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-may-behave-like-waves-and-a-distant-quasar-could-prove-it/

Black holes don’t make information vanish. They just. Transform it into another form.

“Even in the complete absence of external matter, black holes aren’t completely dark, as a very small amount of low-energy radiation gets emitted due to quantum processes: Hawking radiation. Whether or not this radiation preserves and encodes all of the information that went into creating and growing the black hole has not yet been determined. This is the heart of the black hole information paradox.” (Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

So is Hawking radiation? The thing that forms gravity? The idea is this. The gravitational effect is an interaction between the center of gravity and its environment. In. Some ideas. The gravitational effect is an interaction that begins when wave movement. With a very short wavelength travels in the universe. That wave movement seems straight from outside. When that wave movement travels through quantum fields, it forms rolls or whirls. Those whirls travel in opposite directions.  Those quantum whirls carry the particles and other energy into the gravitational center.

That. Short-wave radiation can form.  When. Entropy at the event horizon lets energy travel out from the black hole.

The information paradox means that information cannot vanish. Not even black holes destroy information. The event horizon transforms the information stored in the matter and energy it pulls in into another form.  Event horizons are not separate from other structures in black holes. But that is the last point where we can get observations. The event horizon is a high-energy point at the edge of a black hole. Its energy level is high because of matter. And. Energy flow.

That comes from the black hole’s environment. Impacts particles that orbit the black hole. There, friction and field interactions form very strong whirls.

The structure seems solid. But those whirls mean local entropy that the black hole can leak.  The event horizon’s energy dams the black hole’s internal structures. That point is one part of the structure that keeps the black hole in its form. The event horizon is like a wall around the gravity pothole. This means that. The gravity pothole is partially invisible because the energy level in the event horizon is so high. But then we must realize that the event horizon is the point. There. The escape velocity is almost the same. As. The speed of light. The reality is that.

Same way as in all other places. Black holes have local and global entropy. All structures in black holes interact with other structures. But we can observe black holes as a global structure. Or we can use a microscopic view and observe some of its parts. The event horizon is the last point. There, we can get information. Behind. That. Everything is just theory. There is no way to get confirmed information through the event horizon. But we can observe its interactions with the internal and external environment. Even if there are whirls outside the event horizon. That doesn’t automatically mean that there are similar quantum whirls inside the event horizon. 

Because. Escape velocity at the event horizon Is. The same as the speed of light. There. Photons also orbit the black hole. And all radiation that we see comes from the front of the event horizon. The event horizon can trap information. And if it stretches information. That point would look like a structure there; spaghetti orbits the ball. The energy level in that structure turns too high. That pushes the black hole’s material disk and halo away. That increases the distances between the micro-whirls. And allows information to escape from the black hole. That leak can be gravitational radiation or Hawking radiation. Does that radiation come from inside or outside the event horizon? That is the big question.

“The matter that creates black holes won’t be what comes out when they evaporate. Will the black hole information paradox ever be solved?” (Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

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Information paradox.

“If you take a book and burn it, the information of what was on the page will be encoded in the ashes that remain from the process of burning; there is no information loss.”

“But when matter goes into creating or growing a black hole, there’s no known relation between that information and the Hawking radiation that eventually comes out.”

“Is information conserved when black holes evaporate or not, and if so, how is that information preserved? This is the question at the core of the black hole information paradox: perhaps the grandest mystery of all.”

(Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

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These spaghetti-shaped information strings that orbit the black hole’s singularity are one of the things. Why. The black hole is so powerful. The situation looks like a case. We try to step on a very fast-spinning ball. That fast-spinning structure pulls energy into it. Most of the energy and matter that fall into a black hole follow a spiral trajectory. Energy, or information. That comes from behind. Push particles forward. So we can compare gravity to a tsunami.

Wave movement. With a very short wavelength. Can create structure that seems straight. Like. In a tsunami. That travels near the bottom of the sea. The gravitational wave travels in space. That thing forms whirls around that gravitational beam. Those whirls travel backward.

To the gravitational center. They push particles ahead of them. So. Does the black hole? Just transform the shape of information. Into the form of gravitational waves. Could Hawking radiation be? The thing that forms gravity.

If. The black hole’s halo and material disk withdraw from the event horizon. That event forms. A small microvacuum can pull photons out of the event horizon. Also, high-energy gamma rays decrease entropy in the material disk. And that causes a situation. There, some particles can escape from the black hole’s gravity.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/paradox-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox

White holes: do they exist?

“Although there are no observed white holes within our Universe, the theoretical description of one has many facets in common with what we identify as the hot Big Bang. There could be a connection between white holes and what happens on the other side of black holes, with implications for the origins of our own Universe.” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: Do white holes, the opposite of black holes, physically exist?)

The existence of white holes is uncertain. No confirmed observations of white holes exist. That phenomenon should be the opposite of black holes.  It should be. End of the wormhole. Mathematically, that event exists. But the problem is that nobody has seen it yet. Theoretical gravitational wormholes are channels through space and time. 

But why can’t we see white holes? The easy answer should be. That. They don’t exist. But then we can start to think about other possibilities. There is a possibility. That even if white holes exist. They are not similar objects to stars or black holes. This means that if the wormhole is like a spring. And if that structure acts like a spring. 

That means. When the end of the wormhole closes, the structure starts to open like a serpent. This means that the structure loses its density. And. Let’s energy travel out from it more slowly. Than we even imagine. That means the wormhole is a leaking tube. 

And it leaves energy over a longer distance. This means that the white hole might not have a sharp-edged shape like black holes. There is a possibility. The white hole sends out high-energy gamma photons, so we cannot see those photons or the white hole. And that causes an interesting thought. What if a white hole is invisible?

Another possibility is even more interesting. That possibility is that. If. A white hole is the opposite version of a black hole. That causes an effect. Where. Matter and energy come out from the wormhole to form a bubble. So. Could the wormhole be responsible for the cosmic voids? 

Another version of this model is even more interesting. In this model, the thing is. Maybe energy. That travels in the wormhole. Just pushes the bubble ahead of it. This means that a wormhole and a white hole could exist. But we cannot see them. Because. All of them are outside the universe. This means that a wormhole pushes that bubble ahead of it. Until. It comes out of the universe. 

“A twin of the cosmic filament observed in the MUDF, as seen in a supercomputer simulation describing the large-scale distribution of gas in the Universe. The gas flowing within the cosmic web, feeding galaxy formation at filament intersections, is shown in purple. Credit: Davide Tornotti/University of Milano-Bicocca/MPA” (ScitechDaily, First Direct Image of the Cosmic Web Reveals the Universe’s Hidden Highways)

Outside the universe, quantum resistance cannot keep that structure. Its form. The wormhole’s diameter can be less than a quark. This means that those hypothetical wormholes can be. The same. As hypothetical superstrings. 

There is a model. In which dark energy forms in those hypothetical wormholes. The wormhole is structured so that the entropy is minimal. That allows information to travel faster than outside it. The best evidence of the wormhole's existence is the cosmic web. The galaxy filament. A giant megastructure that connects galaxy clusters. Those filaments can form only if there is a gravitational center. 

The third and most fascinating idea is: maybe the white hole is anchored in time. This means that. The white hole is not bound in time like regular stars. So the white hole exists only at one point in time. When. We travel through time. The white hole’s location in time remains static. And we would see that event as a flash. But then we must realize. Maybe the white hole is an event. That. Connected with the black hole formation. 

When we think about a black hole’s gravitation. Its. Escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. This means. Time dilation causes a situation where time travels backwards in the black hole’s event horizon. This means that a black hole transports information into the past. Or into a point in spacetime. Where the black hole formed. This. Is logical. 

Einstein’s theory of relativity describes time dilation like this. Time moves slower. When. Speed rises. When speed reaches the speed of light. Time stops. And when speed crosses the speed of light. Time should start moving backwards. Gravity is directly compatible with speed. So, when escape velocity crosses the speed of light. 

That means time moves backward. And that forms the model that a black hole itself is a white hole. In this model, the black hole itself transports information. Into. The point where it was born. We see a white hole as the flash of the supernova explosion. Those models are interesting. But they are only models. Direct observations are needed to confirm those events. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/white-holes-exist/

https://scitechdaily.com/first-direct-image-of-the-cosmic-web-reveals-the-universes-hidden-highways/