New supermaterials are game-changers.

"A section of the atomic structure of a cadmium selenide nanoparticle (left) with an incorporated foreign mercury atom; and an artistic representation of a highly magnified nanoplatelet with mercury defects at its active corners (right). Credit: B. Schröder/HZDR" (ScitechDaily, What Happens When You Swap Atoms? A Nanotech Revolution Begins)

Nanotechnology is the game changer. An ability to swap atoms precisely in the structure opens new tools for material technology and medical systems. Intelligent proteins that store their movement series and then make those movements backward make it possible to create nano-size robots that can go into individual cells. The knowledge of the weak force makes it possible to create things like materials that can repair themselves. The ability to connect memristors in the structure allows create of intelligent structures. 

The atom swapping and ability to affect the atom's ionization is useful in the layers like blades. 

That should remove things with very high accuracy. The idea is that the edge of the blade is made of ions. When the blade hits something electrons fall to fill those holes. 

And that makes the energy impulse to that edge. Nanotechnology requires the ability to create impressive things. 

Like nano-structures that conduct energy only in one direction. The idea is that the energy can move only one way if there are so-called energy stairs away from the energy hilltop. If the energy that travels from the hilltop is very powerful it transports those stading waves away.  But then energy must slide over those particles. If that does not happen that energy pulls those particles with it. 

"A new kind of memristor mimics how the brain learns by combining analog and digital behavior, offering a promising solution to the problem of AI “catastrophic forgetting.” (ScitechDaily, A new kind of memristor mimics how the brain learns by combining analog and digital behavior, offering a promising solution to the problem of AI “catastrophic forgetting".)

This makes it possible to connect computers and material structures to intelligent materials. And install data handling capacity into other materials.  

Supermaterials are things that can conduct impact energy out from structure very fast. If we think about saucer-shaped structures that edge is at a very low energy level and something hits the middle of that structure. That thing allows structure to conduct the energy out of it.

When we think about things like energy-absorbing materials there is the possibility to make materials that tie all energy in it's structures. But the next problem is that. If the energy level rises too high in the structure forms standing waves that push its particles away. And breaks the structure. If the system can remove or suck those standing waves away it will stand against almost all possible temperatures. 

The thing that destroys material is the standing wave that forms between its particles. The standing wave forms when material releases its energy. So the thing that destroys structure is not the heat or energy. The thing that destroys material is the end of the energy pump. When the energy pump ends particles in the structure release their extra energy. And that energy forms those fatal standing waves. But if the system can suck those standing waves out. That makes the structure stand. 

In some possible way to handle temperature is the thermal pump that transfers energy binder through the materials. The system can use things like airflow, electron flow, or laser beams that travel in the material. Those things will transport energy out from the material. 

It is also possible to create a structure that creates a standing wave or infrared wall that denies heat or IR radiation travel through that wall of coherent IR radiation. The long wires can move in and out of the material like a conveyor belt. It takes energy with it. And transports it to medium. 

"Artistic visualization of a crystalline rod made of the semimetal ZrTe5. There is a heat gradient from one end to the other. In its center, giant oscillations in its heat conduction are toggled by the magnetic field, which is generated by the electromagnet below. Credit: B. Schröder/HZDR" (ScitechDaily, A Quantum Metal Just Changed What We Know About Heat)

Schrodinger's cat state in the material makes it possible to create the nano-size diodes. In that state where the material is hot and cold at the same time energy travels in one direction. Those diodes can revolutionize the superconducting technology. 

The Schrödinger's state in material research. 

We can say that Schrödinger's state in material is that. That material is hot and cold at the same time. The heat travels to the cold part. That allows the material to stand against ultimate temperatures. We can describe Scrödinger's state in material by using a space probe as an example. If the space probe goes near the sun it melts because of the heat. But if the probe has a place where it can put that thermal energy. 

Theoretically, it can travel inside the Sun. The answer to the heat problem could be the extremely long wire that can transfer heat energy out from the probe. But there is another way to make the energy dump. That dump requires nano- or quantum balls that store energy inside them. So the system transforms thermal energy into kinetic energy. 

The new quantum materials are revolutionizing our way of understanding things like heat. The new types of quantum materials can create an energy flow that transports heat out of the system. That phenomenon is possible in the ultra-cold systems. But maybe that research brings us new products. 

https://scitechdaily.com/this-brain-inspired-memristor-could-finally-solve-ais-catastrophic-forgetting/

https://scitechdaily.com/a-quantum-metal-just-changed-what-we-know-about-heat/

 https://scitechdaily.com/weak-forces-super-materials-the-breakthrough-changing-material-science/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-happens-when-you-swap-atoms-a-nanotech-revolution-begins/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor

Quantum computers and nanorobots are coming. And we don't even know all their abilities.

  Quantum computers and nanorobots are coming. And we don't even know all their abilities. 

In the future, we can see nanorobots everywhere. Researchers created artificial bacteria that can create electricity from wastewater. And those bacteria can give electricity to the small nanomachines that clean the water and observe, what type of waste is in that wastewater. Those small machines can look like rice there is a tunnel through them. And the system can pump water through that tunnel where there is an active carbon filter and maybe a UV system that destroys bacteria. 

Those bacteria also can deliver energy into nanotechnical microprocessors. And in some visions, the supercomputer of the future can be a group of nanotanks that flow in wastewater. And the users communicate with those systems by using WLAN. 

The users can use things like quantum computers over the net by using their cell phones. And that thing makes it possible to share the quantum and supercomputer capacity through the internet. That means the large machine can share its power with small machines. 

The shape of the morphing network is not sharp. And that means networked computers, but networked cell phones can also form morphing neural networks. And the morphing neural network can consist of cell phones, computers, and drones that are connected under one entirety.

The nano- and mini-machine swarms are a good example of morphing and scalable networks. If those swarms require new abilities only one member of that swarm must be reprogrammed. And then that member scales that information through the entire swarm. That kind of technology requires new tools. Those tools must be secured and fast-reacting. They require self-development ability. 

Quantum computers are tools that can make the future more complicated than we expected. They are game changers and work as physical layers for highly advanced AI-based systems. Machine learning is the tool used in fusion experiments. However, machine learning gives new abilities to control quantum systems and molecules for nanotechnical applications. 

Researchers are working hard with nanotechnology, biotechnology, morphing neural networks, AI, and quantum computing. Those systems will change the world more than nobody expected. The complex AI requires powerful computers to run those systems. Things like nanorobot swarms require ultra-secure data transmissions. If there are some kind of problems with communication, the nanomachine swarms can do something that they should not do. 

Quantum computers allow systems to create new and complex molecules because they can drive complicated simulations. The system must simulate how atoms and molecules touch each other. And then it must turn that simulation into rea, or physical world.  

ENIAC

While a CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) system creates something extremely complicated, like very long molecules that are required in medicines. It must react very fast to non-predicted effects. And that thing requires extremely fast computing. When lasers and microwaves are manipulating sub-atomic scale systems they must send energy impulses with very high accuracy. 

When people are talking about quantum computers they must realize that those systems are weapons themselves. That means quantum computers can break any code that is made by using binary computers. And we know why some nations are interested in that technology. 

We can use the history of binary computers as a model when we try to predict the future of quantum computers. Maybe pocket-size quantum computers will not come next year to the supermarkets. But we must realize that maybe that day is coming sooner than we think. We can compare the quantum computers to ENIAC, the first electronic, and programmable computer from the year 1945. 

Those quantum computers are also the first of their kind. They are powerful systems. And when we are looking at the image of the supercomputer from the 1980s who believes that someday we carry a system with many times higher calculation capacity in our pockets. Same way size of the quantum computers will turn smaller. When the number of those systems is rising the price will decrease. And that's why we must prepare for that thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/generating-electricity-from-wastewater-bioengineered-bacteria-produce-power/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC

10 000 times quicker production speed will be a boost for medical nanorobots.

The 24-h process of stem cells attaching to the microrobot surface (top) and Cell staining results to identify cells attached to the microrobot surface (bottom). Credit: DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology) (Scitechdaily.com/10,000 Times Quicker: New Breakthrough Could Change the Field of Medical Microrobots)

Nanorobots are powerful tools. But the problem is how to control them and how to produce enough nanomachines. 

"There are many approaches to building microrobots with the goal of minimally invasive targeted precision treatment. The most popular of them is the ultra-fine 3D printing process known as the two-photon polymerization method, which triggers polymerization in synthetic resin by intersecting two lasers". (SciTechDaily.com/10,000 Times Quicker: New Breakthrough Could Change the Field of Medical Microrobots)

New production methods can increase microrobot production. And that can make medical nanorobots more common and effective. When the number of times when the nanorobots increases. Researchers can get more data and experience how to control those things. Microrobots are extremely powerful tools. 

They can carry medicals and things like stem cells to the right position in the human body. And they can also release medicines just at the right point in the human body. This thing makes it possible to create new types of medicals. Nanomachines can also remove tumors simply by cutting the cancer cells in pieces. But the problem is how to produce those systems. And another question is how to control those machines. 

DNA plasmids are a good tool for controlling organic nanomachines. When an organic nanorobot reaches the hostile cell there that system can simply push the enzyme fiber in that cell. And then that thing can destroy the targeted cells. In that kind of system, the fibers that it uses to move can equip by using some nutrients. That is only non-wanted cell use. The targeted cell will pull the nutrient inside it. 

And then that uncovers the enzyme that destroys the targeted cell. Or if the nanomachine is non-organic it can use kevlar fibers for that purpose. In that case, the kevlar fiber destroys the targeted cell. The abilities of nanomachines are limitless. But the problem is that they need new production methods. 

And another thing that is needed is a new thinking way. Building a large number of microchips and injecting them with bacteria is difficult. The DNA plasmid is a good tool for controlling the nano-size robot. But if somebody wants to create a chemical control code to control the miniature submarines that person must be careful. 

If there are some artifact base pairs. That thing can cause the nanorobot acts unexpectable. So researchers require more information so that they can make powerful and accurate tools for serving medical and other kinds of staff. 

https://scitechdaily.com/10000-times-quicker-new-breakthrough-could-change-the-field-of-medical-microrobots/

Images: https://scitechdaily.com/10000-times-quicker-new-breakthrough-could-change-the-field-of-medical-microrobots/

https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

Nanotechnology and artificial intelligence are the ultimate combinations in medical work.

If medicines are equipped with nano-size sensors. That thing makes the system able to observe how chemicals are affecting cells. 

AI can follow the effect of medicine in real-time. That thing requires that researchers will inside put inside medicines the nano-size microchips that can measure things like the electric load of the cells. And those nano-size microchips can also search for things, like changes in the metabolism of the cells and other kinds of things. The nano-size submarines are even more powerful than those medicals. 

The UV-LED can destroy viruses. But it can also destroy bacteria. If the UV-LED slip into the cell it can give radiation to the DNA. And that thing can destroy bacteria as well as it destroys viruses. 

The nano-size submarines can take the miniature UV-LEDs near harmful cells. And those UV-LEDs can destroy the cell. There is the possibility that nano-size UV sources will put in the microchips that are slipping into the cells. And then the UV light will destroy the DNA of the targeted cell. That system can use a battery where iron and gold atoms are given electricity. 

That kind of system can make it possible to destroy bacteria and other harmful cells by using the WLAN or BlueTooth technology. But the nano-size submarines can also transmit images of the cells. And they can search how UV light affects cells that are under radiation. 

Or maybe the futuristic microtechnology can get its energy from the ion pumps. In that kind of system, the nanomachine will touch positive and negative ion pumps at the same time. And that thing can deliver energy to those machines. 

There is also the possibility that the nanomachine puts a small tube in the ion pumps. And that tube will lock those ion pumps open. Or nano-size robot can conduct all electricity from the surface of the targeted cell to itself. And that thing denies the ion pump's ability to work. There are billions of ways how the nanomachine can destroy its target. 

It can slip into the cell and destroy its internal organelles. The nanomachine can simply pull the internal organelles of the cell away. And that kills the cell immediately. Or it can pump the cell full of DNA or fibrine fiber. That thing can make the cell unable to operate. 

https://scitechdaily.com/uv-led-lights-can-destroy-coronaviruses-and-hiv-with-the-flip-of-a-switch/

https://scitechdaily.com/artificial-intelligence-can-accurately-predict-human-response-to-new-drug-compounds/amp/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/artificial-intelligence-can-accurately-predict-human-response-to-new-drug-compounds/amp/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

A new study tells where memories are stored.

The study shed new light on the process of memory recall. (ScitechDaily.com/Broad Implications: New Study Reveals Where Memory Fragments Are Stored)

A new study solved where memory fragments locate in the human brain. This kind of study can help to create technology that can help to minimize brain damage. The problem with brain cells is that when they have been destroyed. The memory fragments of those cells are destroyed. 

And that thing makes replacing damaged neural tissue difficult. Another study has solved how brain cells are forming. In animal brains the brain neurons that are formed together wed distinct connectivity and activity throughout the animals’ adult lives. 

That thing means, that the neurons are born in pairs keeping in touch their entire life. The neurons are formed in pairs because there should be an odd number of neurons in the brain. That thing eliminates the possibility that there is the same number of neurons in the case the brain must decide something. If every single neuron would have pair that thing makes it possible for the brain can lock. The odd number of neurons makes sure that the brain can make decisions. 

So what kind of thing can solve memories for the damaged neurons? 

In most cases, the lack of oxygen causes brain damage. There is the possibility that in the future nanotechnology can transfer mitochondria to those damaged neurons. And if the cloned neurons can move near them they can transfer memories to those new neurons. 

The idea is that genetic material that is taken from damaged cells can use to clone new neurons and the memories from those cells can save by using nanotechnology. Those memories can be stored in electric form or the system can transfer the molecules to the new neurons. That kind of system can be a reality in the future. But that thing would be far away in the future. 

https://scitechdaily.com/brain-neurons-born-together-wire-and-fire-together-for-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/broad-implications-new-study-reveals-where-memory-fragments-are-stored/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The 3D nano-skyscrapers can be used to make the new type of microchips. And even small-size quantum computers that can operate at room temperature can be possible by using biocomputers.

Image 1) "Researchers from the University of Cambridge used 3D printing. To create grids of high-rise ‘nano-housing’ where sun-loving bacteria can grow quickly".

"The researchers were then able to extract the bacteria’s waste electrons, leftover from photosynthesis, which could be used to power small electronics. Credit: Gabriella Bocchetti" (ScitechDaily/3D-Printed “Nano-Skyscrapers” Help Bacteria Convert Sunlight Into Electricity)

The 3D nano-skyscrapers can be used to make the new type of microchips. And even small-size quantum computers that can operate at room temperature can be possible by using biocomputers. Those systems can revolutionize nanotechnology. 

The nano-skyscrapers can offer the space where the bacteria that transform light to electricity can live. That kind of bacteria that transforms sunlight into electricity can deliver energy to the nano-size microprocessors. The nano-size microchips can use synthetic DNA as the springs that are operating as miniature switches.  

The fact is that the nanoscale springs that can transmit electricity can also make it possible to make the nano-scale quantum processors that can operate at room temperature. In that case, the data is traveling through the nanostructure in wires. And each of the wires is the one certain state or layer of the qubit. 

The fast DNA replication makes it possible to fix errors in the quantum system. The nano-size springs make it possible that the system can use binary as well as quantum mode. So, at first data and data-handling instructions are transmitted to the system by using the binary mode. Then the system can start to use quantum states. 

When we are thinking about this type of quantum computer there is the possibility that they use only the lines of the qubit. If the operations of this type of quantum computer are limited in the number of wires. That thing is still more effective than binary computers. 

But bio processors can also benefit bioluminescence light. For making the states for the qubit. The tubes where bacteria are growing can quip with the fast-operating dimmers. Those dimmers can control the light level that transmits data to the photovoltaic cells. The system can operate similarly with cameras. 

The extremely fast-operating dimmers adjust the light level. And the shutter cuts the data line. There is the possibility to put the CCD (Photovoltaic chip) on the nanotube or nano-skyscraper structure. And there is a color filter that can adjust the light, open and close in each of the tubes. Each wavelength that the CCD detects can be a certain state of the qubit. 

Image 2) "Test tubes holding water samples glow green inside an illuminator, indicating contamination. Credit: Northwestern University"(ScitechDaily/New DNA Computer Assesses Water Quality: Genetic Networks Mimic Electronic Circuits). 

The same technology is introduced in image 2. Can use for making electricity for the miniature quantum computer. In that case, every tube would equip with a closer and dimmer that makes it possible to adjust the light that travels to photovoltaic cells. 

Even if that kind of quantum computer is not possible those systems can deliver energy to nano-scale microprocessors that require extremely low voltage. 

Maybe those processors are not so powerful as the central computers are. But they can give more abilities for things like nanorobots. The computer that can use bioelectricity is interesting because it can operate without outcoming electricity. 

The only thing that this kind of system requires is nutrients that are delivering food to those bacteria. So the system can use an artificial stomach where are the same bacteria as humans. And the system can eat the same food as humans, and transfer it to electricity. But if the bacteria is a so-called vegetable. The normal vegetable fertilizer is enough. For making the power for the nano-tech processor. 

If there is some kind of damage in that kind of system the fast DNA replication allows to clone more of those electric bacteria. DNA auto replication allows also make the spare parts for the system. And that thing can be the next-generation tool for robotics. The lightweight and powerful microchips are required in independently operating small-size robots. 

https://scitechdaily.com/3d-printed-nano-skyscrapers-help-bacteria-convert-sunlight-into-electricity/

https://scitechdaily.com/dna-replication-speed-limit-could-be-a-breakthrough-for-stem-cell-therapy/

https://scitechdaily.com/new-dna-computer-assesses-water-quality-genetic-networks-mimic-electronic-circuits/

Image 1) https://scitechdaily.com/3d-printed-nano-skyscrapers-help-bacteria-convert-sunlight-into-electricity/

Image 2) https://scitechdaily.com/new-dna-computer-assesses-water-quality-genetic-networks-mimic-electronic-circuits/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Hypersonic flight requires new types of materials.

Image 1) Image of what is believed to be a Chinese hypersonic aircraft. (CCTV screenshot)(https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/)

Nanotechnology is one of the most interesting things in aviation. The Chinese claim that they have hypersonic aircraft that are using plasma-ion thrusters. Plasma-ion thruster or electric jet engine is one of the most powerful engine types in the world. The idea of the system is that the air will ionize at the front of the engine. 

And then the magnetic accelerator drives it through the engine. The heat stress is very high at hypersonic flight. Friction is a very big problem in the speed of Mach 8+. There is the possibility that the aircraft's core is covered with nanotechnical rolls. Those rolls can make friction lower. But they can also be used to collect energy for electric jet engines. 

Synthetic dimensions and quantum technology can be far bigger steps for aviation than quantum technology. 

Those technologies are making it possible to create the ultimate stealth system. The idea of this system is similar to the neutron bomb. When a neutron bomb explodes the radiation will impact neutrons that are sending wave movement. The wavelength of that radiation is the same as the diameter of the neutron. But also protons and electrons are sending similar radiation if they are stressed by using electromagnetic radiation. 

The most futuristic spacecraft that was ever studied was the fusion-antimatter-powered system that looked like a saucer. There was the tokamak-type reactor around the edge of the saucer-shaped structure. And the radiation of that reactor was planned to use for creating antimatter. There was an image of that saucer in the book of inventions. But as you might know, technology was not at a high enough level at that time. 

The fusion reactor can use for pushing the quantum fields away from the spacecraft. And that thing makes it possible to create the WARP bubble around the craft. 

Another name for WARP-bubble is the synthetic dimension. There are two types of those bubbles. 

One is the traditional WARP-bubble or electromagnetic vacuum. That removes the doppler effect. Or shorts the wave movement ahead of the object. There is no wave movement in that bubble. 

Because there is no wave movement there is no Doppler effect. And nothing should limit the speed of the object. 

Another is the electron or proton cloud that is stressed with radiation. That thing makes the synthetic dimension around the object that can cause time dilation inside it. 

If we think the system is made by using graphene. That thing allows using the annihilation radiation to make the WARP bubble around that craft. But there is the possibility to deliver the antimatter around that craft. That thing makes the annihilation outside the structure that can rotate extremely fast. That fast-rotating structure can use for making the time dilation.

When the craft rotates near the speed of light in the WARP bubble. And then the bubble will be removed it causing the Cherenkov-effect. In that case, the outer edge of the craft moves a short time faster than the light. 

If annihilation happens outside the spacecraft that effect pushes the structures inside. The annihilation radiation can use to make the synthetic dimensions around the spacecraft. That thing makes those systems more capable than any other system. When we are thinking about the case that the electron cloud is stressed by electromagnetic radiation. 

That thing makes electrons send the same type of radiation with neutrons. All particles neutrons, protons, and electrons are sending radiation when they are facing radiation stress. And that radiation can make those objects invisible. Or it can cause time dilation inside that electron cloud. That means the spacecraft will surround by using a synthetic dimension that gives the pilot more time to react because the time moves slower in that "cube". 

https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/

https://interestingengineering.com/new-electric-jet-engine-actually-works-inside-the-atmosphere

https://interestingengineering.com/this-electric-jet-engine-could-lead-to-carbon-neutral-air-travel

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/about/fs23grc.html

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-manipulate-electrons-to-create-synthetic-dimensions/

https://thedebrief.org/darpa-funded-researchers-accidentally-create-the-worlds-first-warp-bubble/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsed_plasma_thruster

Image 1:)https://eurasiantimes.com/china-determined-to-have-a-fleet-of-hypersonic-planes-by-2035/

How can quantum entanglement break time-reversal symmetry?

The simplest way to make that thing is to pull the quantum entanglement through the nanotube. Then that nanotube could turn into a Tipler cylinder. The fast-rotating nanotube can be used to conduct energy to the quantum entanglement that is made through that tube. 

The outcoming energy can create the condition where the quantum entanglement can bring information from the future. The speed of the cylinder would turn to high as possible. And then the outcoming radiation would finish the quantum state that brings data from the future. That thing can act as the telescope to the future. 

Diagram 1) Nano-size time dilator.

1) Quantum entanglement that is pulled through the nanotube

2) Nanotube that is acting as Tipler cylinder

The idea is that nanotube can act as the channel that conducts the particles. That is superpositioned and entangled particles will stress by radiation sent through the fast-rotating nanotube. This kind of thing can use to make time dilation. 

Time dilation is one of the most promising things to make successful quantum computers. Time dilation makes it possible to give the quantum computer time to make its operations. But the time dilation makes it possible to create the "telescope to future". 

Another version is to make the quantum entanglement or so-called quantum whip. In that system, the giant particle accelerator is making the situation that the most out particle in the quantum system is orbiting the center particle. The time dilation would affect the particle that travels in the cyclotron. And energy asymmetry would pump energy from that fast-moving object to the particle that is in the middle of the system. 

This kind of system is fascinating. And they can transmit information through time in the quantum systems. The quantum-size systems are not things. That can make humans travel to the future or past. Time dilation makes it possible to travel to the future.  

The problem is how to return information to the past. Without that ability sending things to the future means nothing for makers of that kind of experiment. 

By using a Tipler cylinder is possible to make the spacecraft that can make crew travel to stars. But that thing affects only to space inside that cylinder. If researchers would stop time in the craft that allows researchers to travel far in space. But that kind of thing doesn't affect time outside that craft. So if we want to travel to somewhere else than Alpha Centauri, the travel takes thousands of years. 

And even the aging of the crew can stop. That thing means that the senders of the crew. Die a long time before they return. That is the biggest problem in interstellar travel. The information that is coming from stars doesn't benefit the senders of the probes. But time dilation can be a useful tool for making successful quantum computers. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipler_cylinder

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

A couple of versions of the quantum annealing systems.

One version of the quantum annealing processor might be the two-layer graphene structure. In that processor, the magnetic qubits will hiver between the graphene layers. And nanotubes. Nanotubes are acting as the pillars and their purpose is to make a four-side magnetic field that stabilizes the qubit. The qubit can be the ion-electron or proton. The data will input those qubits by using the high-accurate electromagnetic wave movement. 

The data-input system might base the scanning tunneling microscope. In the point of each qubit would be the stylus that is transmitting and receiving the electromagnetic radiation. That system will make the qubits that are between those layers shine brighter. 

Diagram 1

XXX=Graphene layer

()=Nanotube pillars

*=Qubits

W=Antenna that sends the anneal transmission

M=Antenna that sends the anneal transmission

There is possible to make the Trapped-ion system. That system bases the idea that the atoms that should anneal would close in the solid cube. This kind of system could use the absolute pure silicon bite. In that class can position the atoms that should anneal. The anneal can make by using laser or radio waves. 

That glass can be made by using high-pressure systems. The air must remove from the structure. And then the silicon must press by using a mechanical press. There is the possibility to cover that structure by using an iron layer. And then the system can use the magnetic press. The magnetic system that is pushing those systems or using the cross pull can create extremely stable and hard structures. The atoms that can anneal can be put in the structure. 

The thing is that the super cold water cooled near zero-kelvin temperature. The metal or noble gas atoms can position in that pure water. This kind of system requires extremely low temperature. 

But otherways water is one of the best elements for quantum processors. The problem is the liquid form of water. For stabilizing that structure is needed very low temperature. And that thing is making necessary for creating a very powerful heat pump system. 

Image :)https://scitechdaily.com/images/Advanced-Computer-Memory-Chip-Artist-Concept-1536x1075.jpg

Nanotechnology is one of the most powerful technologies in satellites.

   

Image: Pinterest

In the future, nanotechnology can be a dominating tool. For military and civil space programs. When we think about the recon satellites the biggest threat to them in the future is the low-orbiter anti-satellite system. Those systems can be missiles. Or they can be direct energy weapons like high-power airborne laser systems. 

The future systems might not be similar to what they are today. The nanotechnical systems would be the large group of smaller satellites that operate as an entirety. 

The next-generation tool for civil and military space technology. Could be scanning optical telescopes. 

Nanotechnology makes it possible to create satellites and other things that were impossible before. The telescopes that are more powerful than James Webb can use nanotechnology. The idea in those telescopes is that they are forming a linear telescope group. That telescope group is tied together in the wire. That wire is connected to the axle in the middle of the satellite. In those telescopes could be extremely long rotating wires that can rotate around.

Diagram 1

The scanning optical (Multi-mission) telescope

1) Optical telescope

2) Satellite and axle. There are communication systems in that part. 

Arrow= The rotational direction. 

In diagram 1 you might see the principle of that system. In the point of view of recon operations, we could say that those satellites could be the "Optically enhanced Rhyolites". Rhyolite satellites are the geostationary ELINT satellites. Those new satellites could have optical telescope sensors and active radar. 

The idea of the geostationary multi-mission recon satellites is that those systems can cover the same areas by using multiple sensors. When some important things are visible. Those satellites turn their telescopes to that point simply turning the mirror. And the same time the system can turn to use radar and passive ELINT sensors. 

So there is a large number of small telescopes. Connected to one satellite which is rotating them like a whip. That kind of satellite can have an extremely sharp system. And the size of the satellite can be very small. When that large telescope is needed the satellite can release those telescope groups. And when that large telescope is not needed the optical antenna can pull back in. 

Large-size telescopes can be extremely good tools for astronomical systems and civil and military recon satellites. The fact is that the large telescope that is farther than the moon can make many recon missions. The large size recon telescopes can be far away from the range of the low altitude ASAT systems. 

https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/rhyolite.htm

https://phys.org/news/2022-01-nanosatellite-big-african-space-science.html

The metal-binding proteins might be the origin of the first lifeforms on Earth.

Image: ScitechDaily/Profound Discovery on Origins of Life on Earth – Evolution of Metal-Binding Proteins

The metal-binding proteins might be the origin of the first lifeforms on Earth. And those molecules can give new power to nanotechnology and medicines. 

The metal-binding proteins are the thing that can make the life of the first lifeforms possible. Those proteins give visions also for extraterrestrial lifeforms. And the protein that is a binding metal can play a key role in the new self-repairing nanostructures. If we think that the nanostructure is forming of carbon fiber. And then there would form the hole in the structure of the carbon chains there is the possibility that these kinds of proteins are playing a key role in self-repairment. 

Those proteins install to the end of that carbon fibers. And then those proteins can make contact with liquid there are metals. After that to the carbon chain will conduct electricity. Or the magnetic field will use to put those carbon chains in position. Also, there is the possibility. That in the future. Those metal-binding proteins will use to remove poisonous metals from the water and ground. 

The metal-binding proteins are also very dangerous if they are in the blood vessels. Those proteins can remove iron from the hemoglobin. And that thing causes death. So those proteins can use as the new type of chemical weapons. Or they can use as cytostatic. The idea is that those proteins will inject into veins that are transferring nutrients and oxygen to the tumors. That protein will deny the hemoglobin can transfer oxygen in that tumor. And it can destroy those cells. 

Nanomachines can give a cure for cancer. 

The origin of life on Earth will give ideas for modern nanomachines. When we are thinking possibility to produce the proteins that are binding metals by using biological components that things can use to give a cure for cancer. Genetically engineering can make it possible to create super immune cells that can destroy cancer cells that use nanotubes for sucking mitochondria from the immune cells. 

One of the versions is to connect the genome that makes ricin vegetable to create ricin in the immune cells. Those "tuned" immune cells can be microchip-controlled. This system can turn the cancer cell's ability to steal mitochondria from immune cells against it.  The idea is that the ricin molecule would be behind the pseudopods that the immune cell uses to detect the cancer cell. And when the nanotube is starting to pull the mitochondria in the cancer cell it would also get ricin molecules in it. 

There is the possibility that the ricin-creating genomes would connect the mitochondria of the immune cell. Then there is the suppressor that denies the ricing creation. The cell can create a protein that cuts ricin when it's in the immune cell  But when it will transfer to the cancer cell. That activates the creation of the ricin. 

That thing causes the death of cancer cells. Another version is to use the microchip-controlled basils or amoeba and then that amoeba can shoot the ricin or pepsin in the cancer cell. Nanotechnology makes it possible to create nanomachines that are sucking the cell organs out of the cancer cells. Or they can simply cut the membrane of the cancer cells open. 

https://scitechdaily.com/profound-discovery-on-origins-of-life-on-earth-evolution-of-metal-binding-proteins/

https://scitechdaily.com/cancer-cells-use-tiny-tentacles-to-suck-mitochondria-out-of-immune-cells/

Water molecules as nanomachines.

The water molecules can use as layers for hovering nanomachines. Or nanomachines that can operate in extremely low temperatures. The form of water molecules is like an antenna. So the electromagnetic ray will aim at hovering water molecules. And that is conduct radiation to that layer. 

In nanotechnology, the key element is to connect molecules to structures. That operates as an entirety. The water molecules can form extremely complicated structures. 

And they can put together like some kind of building kit. These kinds of forms are making it possible to create nanomachines. These kinds of structures are sometimes possible to stabilize only in extremely low temperatures. 

Also, those nanomachines can form by using water molecules. Water has a quantum state or quantum form. The polarity of that molecule is making it possible to connect them by using electromagnetic force or Van der Waals force as the glue. 

But as I wrote the complicated water molecule-based structures are needed the molecule size structures. And only opposite poles of those molecules are keeping structures in form. That means the temperature must be near zero kelvin that this thing will succeed. 

That is not seen in everyday life. That quantum state is connected with the polarity of water molecules. The polarity of water molecules means that the water molecules can connect by using electromagnetic forces. Chained water molecules can use as the quantum wire. 

But there is one other thing that is possible to make by using water molecules. If we are making the layer that is one molecule thick. That is making it possible to create the entirety for controlling nanomachines. That is making the nanomachine hover around the surface. 

If the oxygen molecules of the water molecule are against each other. That thing makes it possible to make the small nanorobot hover above that layer. The chain of water molecules can form that kind of nanomachine. The water-molecule chain can hang from the magnetic layer. And there is possible to conduct electricity. 

Electrons will travel from the upper layer through the nano-tower. Then that electricity will tunnel to the down layer. There are two ways to move objects by using this kind of nanomachines. One is to benefit from the tunneling effect between that molecule tower. And another is physically pushing objects at the layer.

The fact is that the water molecules can hover above any kind of structure. That has the same pole that is against the layer. There is the possibility to use two layers where the nanomachine can hover between them. In superconducting conditions where the temperature is near zero kelvin. The oscillation is extremely low. The low temperature is making it possible to stabilize the system. 

The water-based nanomachines are suitable for operating at temperatures that are lower than zero. The fact is that if we want to make microchips that are using nanotechnology. The temperature in those processes is extremely low because that stabilizes the system. 

Time reversal symmetries and space reflection are used to control quantum materials.

Time reversal symmetries and space reflection are used to control quantum materials.

Above this text is an image that introduces time symmetry. This kind of thing can also use to create the quantum-size black hole. When the energy is pumped to quantum entanglement. There is the possibility that the energy level between those particles rises to the level that forming the quantum-size black hole is possible. 

That thing can use to create the quantum channel or electromagnetic- or even gravitational wormhole (so-called "real" wormhole) between those objects. And those things can use to create a powerful and very effective communication channel for quantum computers and in long-range quantum communication. 

Quantum technology is coming. The difference between the quantum and nanomaterials is the size. Quantum materials are forming far smaller particles than nanomaterials. The idea is that by using wave movement the single atoms or quarks can move from one place to another one. So quantum technology affects subatomic particles or single atoms. 

Nanotechnology is forming of single molecules or atoms. And by using quantum technology that thing can make the parts of nanotechnology more accurate. If we are thinking possibility to make nanostructures. By using acetylene molecules and long carbon molecules. The acetylene molecules can position between carbon molecules, and that thing turns the molecule turn like a ladder. That kind of ladder-looking hydrocarbon molecule can store information. And it can use in the ROM (Read Only Memory)circuits as storing very complicated kernel programs. 

That thing can act as the frame for quantum machines. The thing is that quantum microchips and other things require extremely small systems. The ability to make the quantum entanglements means that single atoms or ions can locate precisely in the right position. 

But that kind of system requires extremely high accuracy. And one of the systems that require high accuracy positioning is quantum computers. In that system the electrons or photons that are put to superposition transmit data. The electron can position to WARP-bubble by loading it with a high power energy load. And that thing makes it travel faster than other ways. Another thing that makes quantum-size WARP-bubble an interesting, tool is that it allows full control of those qubits. 

Quantum entanglement has an effect over time. This thing makes that effect extremely interesting. There is a possibility to affect quantum entanglement by stressing it with high-accurate energy loads. In that case, the energy load will target the ends of quantum entanglement.

Or energy load will position to the energy channel between that superposition and entangled particle pair. The thing is that superpositioned and entangled particles can bring information to the observer faster than if the information is coming through the air. 

This kind of system is making it possible to move single photons or electrons on the layers. In the quantum world, the layer can be physical or it can be the electromagnetic field where the particles are hovering above the EM-field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-exploit-space-reflection-and-time-reversal-symmetries-to-control-quantum-materials/

Image:https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-exploit-space-reflection-and-time-reversal-symmetries-to-control-quantum-materials/

New innovative microchips can reprogram living tissue. And that kind of thing can use in many ways. 

TNT (Tissue Nano-Transfection)(1) technology allows changing the DNA at the nucleus of the cell. The DNA molecule acts as a chemical computer program. Chancing that molecule changes the purpose of the cell. And if we would want to clone neurons. The thing that must be done is to replace the DNA of some other cell by using the DNA of the neurons. There is needed only one neuron. And then the DNA of that cell can multiply by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method(2). 

 That system can transform the cells of the person to another purpose. And that thing can be the holy grail of the medical industry. The ability to reprogram the cells makes it possible to make the human body to forming some medical chemicals in its cells. That thing can make the new era for fighting against micro-organisms and diseases. 

Tissue Nano-Transfection technology changes the purpose of the own cells of the person. To another purpose. The system benefits the skin cells and the idea is that the system will pull skin cells to microchips and then transfer the genetic code of those cells. That kind of thing can use to create blood, anti-cancer, or even neurons. 

If that thing will be successful. This kind of microchip can use to fix even large brain damages. Reprogramming tissue means that the DNA molecule in the cells will change. And that thing opens the new ways to give cure for the people. 

Reprogramming tissue means that the purpose of the cells is transformed to another. And that kind of system which reprograms cells can be used to make many things like giving cure for cancer. The idea is that the cancer cells would just reprogram. And then they would turn to useful cells. This kind of technology can use in cases of massive injuries. The cancer cells or cells of some other person will transfer to the place where the tissue is injured. And then the microchip just reprograms those cells. 

If that thing is possible. There is the possibility to make the tissue transfer between people. Whose tissue types are not matching. And then every people on earth would always have blood and other tissues. That fits them. Reprogramming cells is also allowing the create synthetic stem cells and other things for the service of humanity. 

The misuse of that technology is also very dangerous. The system can change the genetic code of the cells of humans. And that thing can use to fool the DNA-based identifying tests. 

(1)https://scitechdaily.com/regenerative-nanotransfection-innovative-nanochip-can-reprogram-biological-tissue-in-living-body/amp/

(2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The modern technology allow making high-tech ninja stars and high-tech boomerangs

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Use of high-tech allow to make nano helicopters, what might look like a disk or star would be possible to make. Only thing what is needed is a bag, with an electric power source, what allows to load the electricity in the battery-system, what makes this small helicopter allowed to use its electric components and motors. The bag can be equipped with the backup battery, what can load the batteries of those helicopters. The use of those helicopters would be like other small flying systems, but they can be used as the weapons. Those ninja-star shaped nano helicopters can be controlled by the remote controller, and they could be equipped with spy cameras, what allows the controller fly them in any direction, this person wants.

The same technology can be used in the "bat boomerangs". Those things are actually the miniature aircraft, what would fly autonomic, and return to the controller, who has the transmitter, what calls those boomerangs in the location. If we would think very wild thoughts, those boomerangs could be equipped with a fingerprint identifier, what denies the use of those high-tech boomerangs for unauthorized persons. The boomerangs can also be equipped with the gyroscope and small flight control computer, what will control the maneuvers of those small aircraft.


Motorized boomerangs could have the small jet-engines, what uses acetone for flying. If that system wanted to be extremely dangerous, the boomerangs would be stored in the bag, where is the high-voltage electric insulator, and they could be loaded with high-power electricity. That would make them suitable for damaging the electronics or knock-out people, but the punch could be lethal. The user must be careful that if this person touches something that is not covered with electric insulator when the boomerang is in the hand, would the electric shock be very bad.

Thoughts about this bird-shaped cloud

https://metsantarinoita.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

When we are thinking about the alien, what could change the shape from solid animal to fog-type creature, we are of course remember the stories about vampires, what could change their body as the fog. So I have not invented this theory. Sometimes I have thought, that maybe this kind of life form could exist. In some stories, what people have spoken and written about ghosts, they are described as the fog-shaped creatures, what could sometimes harm people. This kind of ghosts could be creatures, what lives on Earth, but as we see, nobody has made any kind of sure detection about them.  That kind of creatures, what consists of the fog shaped cells are very interesting and important part of many horror stories.


Above this text is a cloud, what seems like the giant bird. Philosophers have always thought strange things, and this cloud made me think about the creature, what might not be possible. That thing makes me think about the lifeform, what is not ever seen before. In 1980's astronomer Carl Sagan portrayed an idea of the Medusa- or amoeba type life form, what could sail in the Jupiter atmosphere. That creature got inspiration from the novel, where the pilot was victimized by the strange cloud-shape organism, what was like steam, but could harm the people. In some talking, philosophers have created an idea about the organism, what would consist of very small size cells, what would act like macrophages.


Those macrophages would be extremely small, and they could travel across the atmosphere like the cloud, and those cells would not be bigger than the drops what are found from clouds and fog. In some wildest thoughts, those extremely small cells would touch together by using thread. In this case, this hypothetical animal could take the physical form. If that kind of organism could be possible, it could create even the airplane size birds, or any form, what could be found in nature. If that kind of xenomorph would exist, that could open new visions of the creature, what could swim in other planets like Jupiter atmospheres.


In the distant future, the next scenario would be possible. This kind of strange clouds has been bought in my mind the nanotechnological solution of aircraft, what could divide themselves as the parts, what seem like clouds or pool. When those aircraft would be needed, they could create their form automatically. The needed technology is not actually very complicated in theory, and that thing needs "only" small bites of silicone, what are controlled in with tiny microchips, and those bites might have the small bite of aluminum.


Or another hand those things might seem like dust. Microchips control, that those bites took exactly right place on the body. And in theory, they can form the engines and other parts of every particle, what is found on earth.  When those bites would get their orders, they would, in theory, form aircraft or any other thing in the world, and in fact, those things might compare with the flying Legos, what would form combat from nothing. Nanotechnology is the very interesting thing, and maybe this kind of use of that technology is possible in the distant future.

More about nano-size nuclear weapons

https://marxjatalous.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa


There is another way to make very effective but small size detonators, and one of the most interesting ideas is for the small-scale version of the systems, what are used in fusion tests. Those systems would act like a small version of the Sci-Fi movie "Star Wars" "Death Star", where the lasers are the circular form around the pipe, what is also used for the lead laser, what would collect other laser-rays together, and carry them to the target. In this scenario, the weapon would shoot lithium batteries thru that pipe, and then the laser-ray would shoot in the same line, where this pellet would fly. That would cause the fusion detonation. But luckily the needed technology is still very far away from practical solutions. There is theoretically possible to miniaturize the systems, what are used in the laser-test facilities in the portable size.


And then the extremely small size fusion weapon could be done. In this case, the technology in that weapon in actually existed, but making it extremely small size would be difficult. When we are thinking about those extremely small size nuclear explosives, they are extremely fascinating option for many military actions. Those weapons can destroy entire warship with one shot. But the problem is, that they are hiding the line between conventional and nuclear weapons. When we are thinking about those very easily moving and many times shooting weapons, what have extremely high firepower, we think that they might be even too devastating.

The laser- or other electromagnetic radiation would raise the temperature of the lithium very high level, and that would be made possible to make very small nuclear explosives. The best way to make that thing just shoots the lithium pellet in the same line as the laser- or other electromagnetic radiation, what would raise the temperature enough high, for making very small fusion explosive.  Those systems are already in use at the fusion test sites like NIF (National Ignition Facility) at Lawrence Livermore national laboratories and many places in Europe. But those systems must be made much smaller if those miniature fusion bombs would be real. And they can cause terrible visions in the mind of humans.

Why are isolated tribes so interested in scientists?

https://pimeakronikka.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Isolated tribes are very interesting, from a scientific point of view. And the reason, why those groups of people, what lives in primitive conditions is so fascinating is their medical and another survivor skills. The reason, why those things are very interesting, is how those people avoid the diseases like cancer or infections? Those things are cured in the western world in hospitals and in the cure is needed the very complicated systems, but the main questions are, how those tribes, what lives in the forests without electricity and other equipment can give right medicals for the members of the group without x-ray machines and other medical indicators?


How they can give the cure for infections, or how they can take care of their teeth and other condition? And the things that are very interesting are, how those people can survive in the jungle, what is full of snakes and spiders, what can cause very bad injuries or even kill with poison? The thing how those people, who live in the Amazonas jungles can give medicine and cure the person, who is injected with poison and those people have no antivenom for those bites.


We must remember that antivenom for neurotoxin is unable to work in the case when the body is injected with tissue poison, and those poisons cause gangrene, what must be removed, or the victim would die. Those poisons are thought to be key to make more effective medicals for cancer and infections. Those extreme effective cell poisons could be equipped with an enzyme, what would transfer them to the cells, what might be wanted to destroy, and the targeted cells can be bacteria or cancer cells.


The nanotechnology would be allowed to make those chemicals very powerful and effective medicals, what would take the infection to control even in the minutes. This is the very nice vision, but what we would have the skills, what those primitive tribes would have. They can make diagnoses without technology and also they can predict erupting volcanoes and tsunamis. And those people can survive in the very tough environment and move unseen even in the city area.



Those people would sometimes visit in the cities and they are not seen during those trips. Also, the scientists would be interesting about the mythology of those tribes, because they would tell stories of the natural disasters and other interesting things. There are not many things, what has been changed in those people live since the stone age, and that means that their mythology has stayed clean, and there might be stories, what are interested in modern scientists.

Nanotechnology and the immune system

Picture I

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Nanotechnology and immune defense are the combinations, what people don't usually think that would sometimes save the life. When we are thinking the vaccine of tomorrow, we might think that inside human body would be injected with the nanorobots, what would transfer the antigene of the organism straight to the stem cells, where the immune cells are forming, and that might increase the power of the vaccine.


The term "antigen" means the part of the mantle of the targeted organism to the stem cells, and that opens new ways to give the vaccine. One of the most modern ideas is that those nanorobots, what might look like small crayfish would catch the organism from blood, and transfer it straight to the place, where the cells of the immune defense are forming.


Also if there are enough those machines, they can also destroy bacteria and tumors by closing the blood veins in there by using carbon. In this case, the carbon would be injected into the veins with the nanomachines, what would carry them in the wanted position.  Or they can cut the mantle of the bacteria open, what would destroy it immediately.


The question is, how the nanomachines would do that thing? They can operate under the command of the computer, what is outside the body, and communicate with that computer by using radio signals. And the radio waves can also transfer electricity for those small robots. The position of nanomachines in the body can get from RFID sensors, what allows the computer to control each of them independently. And that would give them the opportunity to make surgical operations inside the human body. Those small robots can slip into the body by using sweat gland's channel, what the body uses when it removes sweat.


Those robots can be very lethal if they are in the wrong hands. If that small robot would take the part of the targeted person's cells, it would cause the terrible immune reaction, that could exterminate that person. After that, the nanorobot can slip off the body, and it would not leave any trace of its existence. Those extreme small robots can be delivered to the targets department by using nano bugs, and they can be controlled by the relay systems, what are installed in nanobugs or quadcopters. They can be used in special forces operations.


And is some scenarios the agents of DEA or other anti-crime offices have this kind of robot in the body, and if they are in trouble the systems, what is telling about the condition of the body would release that nanotechnological crayfish. This crayfish would slip in the bodies of the hostage takers, and after that, they would be facing the death, what is the most unwilling, that human mind can imagine. Those cells, what is used to turn the immune system can collect from the target's own body. And this makes the nanorobot the perfect weapon.

Picture I

http://en.oicnanocurcumin.vn/upload/files/new%20technology/medical1.jpg

The artificial amoeba could be the real-life version of T-1000 robot.

Picture I

http://kimmontaidearvioita.blogspot.com/p/the-artificial-amoeba-could-be-real.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

There are many juridical and ethical problems with nanotechnology, and one of them is connecting to the artificial amoebas or the liquid robots, what can change their form. Nanotechnology is one of the most complicated things in the world, and here I'm writing about molecular nanotechnology, what is very easy to weaponize. This technology is, of course, meant for peaceful purposes, like giving the cure for cancer, but the same systems can be used as weapons. One of the most elegant ways to make nanomachines is using the oil, and the molecules of that thing would be connected with the iron atom.


That atom allows controlling those oil molecules by using the magnetic field, and that material can be used for making the artificial amoeba. That amoeba would be in the future the real-life version of T-1000 robot from the Terminator movies. That mass would be controlled by small size microchips, what would transform the shape of this mass by magnets. And that liquid robot can move like the amoeba.


Those small size microchips can be equipped with detectors, what allows it to track the persons or chemicals in some area. And when the target would be allowed to eliminate, this liquid machine just slip in the body by the sweat gland. After that this machine would just close the blood vessel in the targeted person brains. There are many legal problems with that technology, and one of them is, should this kind of machine classified as the chemical weapon, or should the international community make some kind of contract about this kind of technology?


When we are thinking about this kind of liquid robot, we might also ask one question: would it use against the opponent's leader in the situation where the use of the weapons of the mass destruction would be possible? Those liquid robots can slip into the water system, and then they could find their target and eliminate that person. Those machines can also slip in the computers, and cause the short circuits in the microcircuits. They might be equipped with extremely small size rechargeable batteries and those microchips could work as the network, what would make those robots independently. Those batteries could be loaded by using similar wireless chargers that are used with mobile telephones. In this scenario, the drones could carry those chargers and give electricity to that machine.

Picture I

https://www.carleton.edu/curricular/MEDA/classes/media110/Zimmermann/t2/floor.gif