Our knowledge of black holes is expanding.

Our knowledge of black holes is expanding.

 

"Researchers believe that an odd pair of merging black holes first detected in 2019 were "dancing" around a third supersized singularity that was lurking in the background. (Image credit: CNAS/SHAO)" (LiveScience, Scientists think they detected the first known triple black hole system in the universe — and then watched it die)

       

Researchers believe. They found the first triple black hole system. And if that is true. It proves that black holes can form similar systems. To “regular”stars form. In some visions, black holes can form entire galaxies. Those three black holes are going to their end. There is one supermassive and two smaller black holes.  Black holes can hijack each other. Or massive stars in the same star system can form a group of black holes. A black hole’s relativistic jet can also press things like planets into black holes. There are no observations about that kind of black hole. But theoretically, high-energy jets can raise the energy level in the planet’s atmosphere so high that the energy in its atmosphere can press it into one entirety.     

Our understanding of black holes is continually expanding. Due to new observation models and fundamental mathematical and computational tools, such as quantum computers and AI, we can develop new models of the most fascinating phenomena in the universe. In the past, we thought that black holes were only destroyers. When information fell into a black hole. That means the information is gone forever. But today we think differently. The key element in quantum mechanics is that information cannot just vanish. Information can only change its form. A black hole  rolls information into it. In the yarn ball model, a black hole rolls information into its event horizon like the strings or wires. Those wires store information that the black hole releases as wave movement. 

When we look at the black hole’s event horizon, we would see that thing waving. When those waves move up and down, they send waves to space. When the wave pushes the quantum field around the event horizon and falls back, it leaves a small quantum vacuum between the event horizon. And the quantum field around it. That pulls energy or information out from the black hole. When a black hole's event horizon separates from the whirl around it, it allows it to send a wave burst. The black hole is an interaction. If the outside whirl that includes quantum fields and material is removed, the black hole will be destroyed. 

The black hole’s evaporation causes a similar effect to what ice makes when we transport it into the room. When a black hole evaporates, energy field. That comes from outside, try to fill that space. So what if black hole’s evaporation ends? What if a black hole sometimes reaches energy stability with space around it? That can cause a situation where energy or a quantum field don’tt move to the black hole. Or out of it. That thing can turn a black hole completely invisible. And that causes a wild theory that maybe dark matter could be black holes that almost reach energy stability with their environment. 

Black holes are like gravitational solitons. They are packed gravitational wave packages. Like impacting, identical laser beams or identical acoustic waves can form solitons. Gravitational waves that impact with each other can form a gravitational soliton. 

Today, we think that the black hole evaporates. In that process black hole releases information that is stored in the form of Hawking radiation. Or, in the form of gravitational waves. So can the black hole have hair? Maybe a black hole has so-called soft hair, or maybe it’s partially bald. The black hole’s hair means strings that transport information out from that structure. The black hole is not completely smooth. There are small hills and valleys in its structure. If a black hole were to be completely smooth, that means that it could not touch the fields around it. Those small hills and valleys would play an important role in black hole interactions. 

Those small hills and valleys form when a black hole forms. And supernova energy presses those particles into one entirety. Called a singularity. Electrons that orbit atoms will be smashed against the atom's nucleus. And they leave at the shell of that thing as the quantum-sized hills and valleys. There are also models where there are no singularities. Singularities can explain some black holes. Things like the Kugelblitz theory suggest. Black holes can form from the energy fields or wave movement. In that case, something starts to transport energy out from a certain point. And then energy or wave movement that comes from around tries to fill that point. This thing could prove superstring theory. 

That means black holes are like gravitational solitons. When gravity fields start to travel against each other. That effect locks wave movement in the gravitational wave soliton. Can that soliton be stable? That depends on the energy that whirls around it. If that gravitational soliton can form a whirl that is large enough that it cannot let energy or wave movement travel out from that soliton, that makes it stable. Maybe not all black holes are similar. Some of them might have a singularity. And some of them might not have that thing. Black holes are not destroyers. 

They store information in them. In new models, there can even be universes inside black holes. And in wildest models, our universe exists in a black hole. In this model, we cannot see the black hole’s event horizon because it's too far away. In some models, there is also a shockwave inside the event horizon that covers the event horizon itself. And when information travels through that event horizon, it stretches those waves. And anyway, the black hole is surrounded by a material disk. That covers things that are outside that thing. 

There is a possibility that our universe formed when a black hole from the previous universe detonated. Those new models are tools that can open the biggest mystery in the universe. Black holes can offer a solution for information paradoxes. And answer how the universe formed. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

The new evidence of controversial planet 9.

"Planet Nine is a hypothesized massive planet, first proposed in 2014, that is speculated to orbit far out in the solar system. It has not been detected formally. Instead, astronomers have inferred its presence from perceived perturbations of the orbits of some Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). The planet is estimated to be 2 to 4 times the radius, and about ten times the mass of the Earth. (Image credit: Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library/Getty Images)" (Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

"Planet Nine would appear to move on the sky because of parallax as Earth moves around the sun. On any particular day, it might seem to be in one position, then six months later when Earth is on the other side of the sun, it would shift to another position, perhaps by 10 to 15 arcminutes — then, six months after that, it would seem to shift back to its original position. To remove the effects of parallax, Phan's team searched for Planet Nine on the same date every year in the AKARI data, because on any given date it would appear in the same place, with zero parallax shift, every year." (Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

"They then also scrutinized each candidate object that their search threw up on an hourly basis. If a candidate is a fast-moving, nearby object, then its motion would be detectable from hour to hour, and could therefore be ruled out."(Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

"It appears in one position in IRAS's 1983 image, though it was not in that position when AKARI looked. However, there is an object seen by AKARI in a position 47.4 arcminutes away that isn't there in the IRAS imagery, and it is within the range that Planet Nine could have traveled in the intervening time. In other words, this object has moved a little further along its orbit around the sun in the 23 or more years between IRAS and AKARI. This careful search led Phan's team to a single object, a tiny dot in the infrared data."(Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

Can this be Planet X? Researchers found interesting details in AI-based old-data re-analyzation.  "A comparison of the position of the candidate object in the IRAS data (left) and the AKARI data (right) and the distance in arcminutes between them. (Image credit: Phan et al (2025))" (Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

""Once we know the position of the candidate, a longer exposure with the current large optical telescopes can detect it," Phan told Space.com. "However, the follow-up observations with optical telescopes still need to cover about three square degrees because Planet Nine would have moved from the position where AKARI detected it in 2006. This is doable with a camera that has a large field of view, such as the Dark Energy Camera, which has a field of view of three square degrees on the Blanco four-meter telescope." (Space.com/Evidence of controversial Planet 9 uncovered in sky surveys taken 23 years apart)

Planet 9 might have a 23-year orbital period. The data that astronomers collected from space tells about disturbance. That repeats after 23 years. There are calculations that Planet 9 might have more mass than Neptune. And that planet's distance is about 700 times Earth's distance to the Sun. That means Planet 9 might be a frozen gas giant the long way out from the solar system. That means that if that planet exists it might be even colder than Pluto. 

There is the possibility. This kind of very cold planet's atmosphere acts like a black hole's halo. That means a very thin plasma around that planet can transport heat into its poles. Turning the gas flow into the poles. That gas flow acts like a thermal pump. The infrared radiation forms the pike-shaped structure. Similar to a neutron star's jet but very much weaker. This thing requires that the planet's own atmosphere is frozen. There is also the possibility that there are colder points in the planet's atmosphere or inside it. That makes energy flow into those colder points. 

The Iapetus moon of Saturn. "Iapetus as imaged by the Cassini orbiter in false color, September 2007. Iapetus's unusual coloration can be seen, with the equatorial ridge on the right limb. The large craters Engelier and Gerin are near the bottom." (Wikipedia, Iapetus_(moon))

The question is why we cannot see that object. One of those answers can be that dust between it and the sun can cover that planet's weak infrared signature. 

The maximum temperature of that planet might be near to 4 Kelvin. It would be roughly hotter. To the cosmic background. Or 3 Kelvin radiation. If the planet's temperature is about 0,5-5 percent higher than the cosmic background the dust can easily cover the planet's infrared signature. If dust is hotter than the planet. That makes it impossible to see it. 

Another explanation for the invisibility of Planet X can be that it's similar to the Iapetus moon. If one side of the planet is black that absorbs temperature and the other side is white that makes energy travel to the other side of the planet. That energy flow is always out from the Sun makes the planet extremely hard to detect. If the atmosphere travels to the side that is away from the Earth that causes the effect that the atmosphere can be very thin and acts like a thermal pump that makes a very unusual effect. 

That planet. If it exists is so far away from the sun that it's colder than Kuiper Belt objects. So IR radiation from those objects can cover it below it. That kind of place will freeze the planet's entire atmosphere. The thin plasma cloud makes it possible that the planet's dayside is colder than its nightside. 

Uranus's X-ray emission. "This composite image shows a Chandra X-ray image of Uranus from 2002 (pink) superimposed on an optical image from the Keck-I Telescope obtained in 2004. Image credit: NASA / CXO / University College London / Dunn et al." (SciNews, Chandra Detects X-Ray Emission from Uranus)

"This composite image shows a Chandra X-ray image of Uranus from 2002 (pink) superimposed on an optical image from the Keck-I Telescope obtained in 2004. Image credit: NASA / CXO / University College London / Dunn et al."  (SciNews, Chandra Detects X-Ray Emission from Uranus)

Sometimes impacts with its atmosphere raise the temperature.  And in those extremely frozen conditions, even the smallest temperature differences have a big effect. Conditions in the most out solar system are cold but stable. That means there are things. That is not possible near the Sun. One of those things is the plasma whirls that form magnetic fields around the dwarf planets. Near the sun the particle flow from the Sun the particle flow pushes those plasma fields away. But in the Kuiper Belt, the solar wind is very weak. 

There are many myths and theories about that mysterious object called "Planet 9" or "Planet X". When researchers talk about that object, they mean the mysterious gravity effect that disturbs Neptune's orbital trajectory. There are also theories that those interferences can be a very small black hole. The planet-mass black hole can form when things like relativistic jets hit planets. 

The small black hole can explain things like Uranus's X-ray flares. That thing would accelerate those particles at the speeds that make those X-ray flares possible. Those X-ray flares can also form when high-energy particles from Uranus's poles hit particles that come from the Sun. That can explain some of those mysterious X-ray flares. 

https://www.sci.news/astronomy/uranus-x-rays-09510.html

https://www.space.com/astronomy/solar-system/evidence-of-controversial-planet-9-uncovered-in-sky-surveys-taken-23-years-apart

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)

Black holes and the fourth dimension

 Black holes and the fourth dimension

There are many stories and hypotheses about the phenomenon called the fourth dimension. We could say that the fourth dimension is just the energy level where material stops interacting with visible material. That means hypothetical dark matter particles or WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive particles) are closer to the fourth dimension than visible particles. And the reason would be that WIMPs are higher energy particles than visible particles. 

In some stories, some kind of granite plate acts like a gate to the fourth dimension. If we want to make a model of this hypothetical material, we might think that it's the quantum material, where quantum-sized black holes. Are trapped in that material.

When somebody comes near that quantum wall, black holes pump energy into that object, and then the rising energy level cuts the connection between those particles and the third dimension. In some models, this material could be silicone or fullerene balls. And then energy will pump into particles trapped in those fullerene balls, and that turns them into quantum-size black holes.

There is a possibility that wormholes can explain ghosts.

In theories, information forms in the future, and then it focuses on the hyperspace of the present. At that point, the information interacts with that hyperspace, and that causes energy impulses through the hyperspace of the present.

Then information starts scattering again, and then it exists but we cannot reach it. There is a possibility that the focus point in the hyperspace of the present can turn longer than usual and form a channel called a wormhole through space and time. Those wormholes are acting like light cables. And they can bring information from the future to the past, or they can bring information from the past to the future.

We know that energy travels to lower levels in quantum systems. The wormhole requires a higher energy level on one side and a lower energy level on the other side to transport information. In the simplified model, a wormhole forms between superpositioned and entangled black holes. And there can be multiple layers in that hypothetical gravitational channel.

In some theories, angels are creatures that live in the fourth dimension. 

When energy travels through the wormhole, it reaches the point where it comes out. That point is called the white hole. That is a hypothetical point where the material that the black hole pulls in is released into the universe. It is possible. That the low-energy area around the wormhole could pull that thing open. So in some models, the black hole is the bubble in the wormhole.

The fact is that the black hole is a wormhole itself. The escape velocity of that object is higher than the speed of light. So the black hole transports information to the past. Aging stops at the speed of light. And if escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light, that causes a situation where time moves backward.

A black hole can transport information backward in time only when it exists. The vaporization of a black hole begins immediately after it forms. And the existing time for small black holes is not very long.

When that material or information impacts the regular quantum field, it causes the quantum field to reflect that information into the future. The wormhole itself would be a quantum tornado. In wormhole is an electromagnetic vacuum ahead of the particle or object that travels through it. That electromagnetic vacuum pulls particles without resistance or quantum friction, and that makes the object travel through that channel at an extremely high speed.

Wormholes, or Einstein-Rose bridges, are hypothetical but almost proven channels through space and time. As has been written, there are two versions of the wormholes. And both of them allow time travel. When a particle or object travels through an electromagnetic wormhole, the radiation that presses on the object denies its vaporization.

Another version of the wormhole is the gravitational tunnel through space and time. The idea behind the gravitational wormhole is simple. When escape velocity crosses the speed of light, that causes a situation where time travels backward. And that means a black hole can take travelers back in time to the point where it formed.

The energy level of the universe was higher in the past, and forming the wormhole that transmits information into the past requires a situation where two points have opposite energy levels around them. The wormhole always transfers information from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. And if we think that at some point in a supernova explosion, a so-called white hole forms, we might think that the electromagnetic vacuum that forms just before material collapses is the point in spacetime when the white hole opens and material comes out of the wormhole. There is a possibility that things like ghosts are this kind of reflection.

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-just-figured-out-how-wormholes-could-enable-time-travel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Quantum computers can find dark matter.

"In a new breakthrough, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Fermilab have found a way to detect dark matter using quantum computers." (ScitechDaily.com/U.S. Dept of Energy Breakthrough: Detecting Dark Matter With Quantum Computers)

1) How do quantum computers detect dark matter?

The idea of quantum computers is that they use very highly controlled superpositioned and entangled photonic qubits. The idea is that the system pack information photons. And then that photon will be superpositioned and entangled. If that superpositioned and entangled photon touches something. 

That "something" causes a disturbance in the energy level of that superpositioned and entangled particle pair. So if the superpositioned and entangled qubit touches the dark matter. That thing causes disturbance of the energy levels. 

2) What the dark matter could be? 

Dark matter is interesting. 85% of the material in the universe is formed of dark matter. That is the gravitational effect whose source is unknown. The thing that makes the dark matter interesting. Is that it can interact with visible material only by gravitation. There are galaxies there is no dark matter. And that tells that it can form similar clouds as visible material. But what is dark matter? 

There are a couple of theories about that thing. 

*Is dark matter a so-called black photon?

The idea of black photons comes from the idea that the Schwinger effect that formed all matter during the Big Bang forms two particles. Schwinger effect forms particle-antiparticle pair. So the photon should also have anti-particle pair. That "anti-photon" should be a so-called "black photon". 

*Dark matter is virtual material. 

The term "virtual material" means that dark matter could be some hollow quantum field. That quantum field can be a 2-dimensional energy ring that causes forming of a virtual black hole in that ring-shaped structure. That thing explains why it's so hard to detect. 

There is a possibility that also hyper energy photons or some unknown very heavy but small particles are forming that mysterious dark matter. That particle could be like Higgs Boson. But it could exist only small moment. And when that particle vaporizes, it forms the thing called dark energy. 

So in this model dark energy and dark matter have the same source. But where that hypothetical vaporization happens? Does it happen in the plasma of the universe or outside the plasma bubble that is called the universe? 

*Dark matter is extremely high and low energy particles. 

The idea is that dark matter can be so high-energy level particles that they are pushing all radiation away from them. That makes those particles act like stealth aircraft. When wave motion travels or flows over them that causes the situation that there is no reflection from that matter. 

In the low energy model, the dark matter is simple flat material. The energy level of that material is so low that it cannot react.

*Dark matter is quantum-size black holes. 

There is the possibility that dark matter is quantum-size black holes or mysterious graviton particles. If that model is true that explains why we cannot see that particle. In that model, the whisk-looking structure of elementary particles would form at the surface of the magnetic field of that extremely small particle. So the quantum-size black hole hovers in the middle of the quark. 

https://scitechdaily.com/u-s-dept-of-energy-breakthrough-detecting-dark-matter-with-quantum-computers/

Could graviton be one or two quantum-size black holes?

Another model that could explain why gravitation is so special. 

Above this text is an image of the black hole. But that image could be the image of a quark. In some scenarios, the graviton is a small black hole inside the quantum field. The quantum tornado forms the point where that radiation pushes the quantum field away. So there is the electromagnetic vacuum that pulls the quantum field to the ball-shaped form. But there is also another version of the graviton and its interactions. 

The hypothetical graviton particle that should transport gravitation may be two quantum size black holes. That thing causes a quantum field whose shape is similar to the magnetic field that forms around a rod magnet. Those quantum-size black holes would be the south pole against the north pole. And there is forming a quantum tornado around those two black holes. 

Then the quantum fields are forming the lightning structure or superstring structure. That is looking like a whisk. When those black holes that size is smaller than quarks are starting to make the quantum fields or quantum lightning around them the outcoming radiation makes those flashes of lightning stronger. Because that structure starts to rotate, it turns to look like a ball. And maybe that thing is the quark. Maybe that kind of thing could explain gravitation. 

Another model of gravitation or graviton particle is that gravitation is the force that is forming around the fast-spinning particle. The idea is that when a particle spins. It creates the effect where wave motion travels to the poles or the axle of the spinning particle. And because the particle is extremely small. 

There forms a small quantum vacuum bubble to its poles because those waves impact each other just above the quantum field of that spinning particle. That bubble starts to pull wave motion to the axle of the particle. So when wave motion travels at the surface of the particle. 

Those waves are transporting the wave motion that hits the particle to its poles. So that means the particle that is making the effect of gravitation is like a neutron star or black hole. When a particle spins at an extremely high speed. It transfers wave motion to its poles like neutron stars or black holes are transferring. 

What makes gravitation interesting? That is that the graviton is missing. There is the possibility that a graviton is a quantum-size black hole or so-called black photon. The form of the graviton is one of the most important things in the gravitation theory. 

The thing is that things like neutron stars or black holes are not forming energy from nothingness. They are like generators. Generators are transforming motion into electromagnetism. The thing that neutron stars and black holes are doing the same thing. They are transforming electromagnetic fields into powerful energy beams. 

Or otherways saying they are transferring the frequency of the radio waves to X- and gamma rays. In similar ways, the Casimir effect doesn't make energy from nothingness. When Casimir plates are taken very close to each other electron cores form the quantum bridge over that hole. Then the outcoming radiation will inject energy into those bridges. And that thing loads the energy to the Casimir circuit. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

The form of the Big Bang is an interesting question.

The reason, why researchers and developers are interested in the Big Bang is that event is the gate to endless energy sources. There is a possibility, that the Big Bang was the interaction between superstrings or wave motion. So were the first particles formed when the gravitational waves impact each other? And was the extremely high energy level in that case formed when superstrings impacted each other? 

That means the superstring's curvature formed energy that formed the universe. But in that case, there should be some kind of quantum- or electromagnetic fields that are forming interaction. In that model particle-wave duality formed material or particles by wrapping superstrings. But there must be something, that puts superstrings turning into material or particles. 

In this model, there must be superstrings that are impacting each other. If there are no superstrings, there are no impacts and no material can form. In this text superstrings are the thing. That forms wave motion. 

So if impacting wave motions are forming the material there must be some source for those wave motions. In this model, the natural explanation for that impacting wave motion is that the universe or proto-universe where only wave motion was on the core of the giant bubble. 

Then on the opposite side of that bubble was something that send two groups of wave motion to journey. And that thing formed the universe. This is the most unbelievable model for the Big Bang theory. 

But we know that there must be some origin for that wave motion. So were there some other universes where those wave motions came? This is one interesting thing. We know that material or energy cannot come from emptiness. And also we know that there must be crossing wave motion that forms the conditions where wave-particle duality is possible. 

If wave motion travels in one direction there is no wave-particle duality. There must be some kind of disorder that puts wave motion or superstrings turn into yarn balls called elementary particles. 

The Big Bang was an event that caused the formation of the universe. In the past, people thought that it was some kind of explosion. Today we think, that the Big Bang was an event where the material or group of particles reached a certain energy level. 

And that energy level is the third dimension where we are living. In this third dimension, the particles have a certain size and a certain energy level. And that thing allows them to interact with each other. Without that interaction, we cannot observe those particles. 

And when the energy level of the particles turns different. That means the interaction between particles turns weaker. When we are talking about the size of the particles we should talk about their brightness. When the energy level of the particle turns extremely high the size or domination area of those particles turns larger. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The perpetual motion machine is the dream of inventors.

What is the perpetual motion machine? It's the machine that recycles 100% of its energy. The perpetual motion machine is impossible on Earth because friction removes energy in the form of heat from the machines. And that means nothing can move forever. 

But perpetual motion machines are interesting philosophical objects. And they are very interesting objects for hypothesis. 

The time crystals are the quantum-size perpetual motion machines. The time crystal is the quantum system. Or the ion line that is closed in the common quantum field. That ion line is wobbling back and forth. And those ions transfer their energy to the quantum field around that line. That quantum system recycles energy through it.

One of the most interesting versions of the energy harvester is the laser ray that jumps between mirrors that reflect 100% of the radiation that hits them. When outcoming radiation hits that laser light it rises that laser rays energy level. And the system can collect that extra energy and then transfer that energy to the electric circuit. The small silicon crystal can use to collect electricity from the back and forth moving laser ray. 

But can we someday make a perpetual motion machine? And why that machine is so interesting. The perpetual motion machine would solve the energy problems of the Earth. The system would act like all other systems. It can get more energy from the radiation or seismic and pressure impulses around it. So the perpetual motion machine that recycles 100% of its energy can harvest energy from around it. And that thing would be the ultimate power source. But it's impossible to make on Earth. The friction is the thing that makes the perpetual motion machine impossible. 

But the thing is that the perpetual motion machine can operate in space in the vacuum outside the atmosphere and gravitational field of Earth. The idea is that there is a wheel that hovers in the middle of the generator. The system could look like a little bit turbine where the energy takers or generators are at the axle without contact with the core. The wheel would harvest the energy of the sun. 

And then it transforms the movement into electricity. The sun's energy will put the wheel to rotate and the minimization of the friction would put the wheel to rotate. And because the system produces electricity. It has something else to do than just rotate. Can we someday make a real perpetual motion machine? Maybe that thing is possible in the future. But still today, the perpetual motion machine is the dream. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

How many universes exist?

Image 1. Cosmic microwave background

The fact is that we know only one universe. That only confirmed universe is the universe where our species lives. And there is the possibility that there are other universes. That means those other universes might look similar to our universe. But there is the possibility that the another is forming of antimatter. 

In the antimaterial universe, time moves as it moves in our universe. But the material of that universe is antimatter. And if we would go to that universe that causes the destruction. The fact is that another universe might remain in theory. 

If we want to make observations of those things. We should travel outside our universe for confirming that some radiation will come from another universe. When we are writing and talking about the other universes we are testing the limits of science. And where science ends the hypothesis starts. 

A brief history from the Messier List, to multiverse theory.

About 100 years ago we knew only one galaxy, and that galaxy is the Milky Way. Of course, things like Andromeda Galaxy were well-known as a nebula. 

But people believed that all other galaxies were orbiting the Milky Way and the center of that galaxy was the center of the universe. In the 18th century, The French astronomer Charles Messier (1730-1817) made a list of nebula objects, and that Messier list was published in 1774. In that list. The Andromeda Galaxy is number M31 and M is for Messier. 

But in 1926 Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) showed that the Milky Way is just one galaxy in a group of other galaxies. And that point was the separation of cosmology and astronomy. After Hubble died better equipment is uncovered new and fascinating structures in the universe. Researchers found black holes in the 1990s, and the confirmation of dark energy is opening new visions for cosmology. 

The largest known structure in the universe is the cosmic radiation background. The cosmic radiation background comes from the particles that are sending that radiation. The size of the particles determines the wavelength of that radiation. So the source of the cosmic microwave background is in the micrometer-size particles. The reason for the radiation is the expansion of the universe. 

Light pollution makes it impossible to see other universes. 

This cosmic background might just cover the radiation of the other universes below it. Just like if we would travel on the foggy road where is bright streetlights. Those streetlights are covering the stars. When we are looking at image 2, we see how difficult is to see stars on foggy evenings in bright streetlights. 

The cosmos is a foggy and bright place. And that thing makes it impossible to see other universes. The stars, as well as the galaxies, are covered by plasma clouds. That covers the distant details under them. The size of that plasma could be billions of light-years and they cover those other universes under them. 

The expansion causes the energy level in the universe to decrease all the time. And the pressure of the quantum field that surrounds all particles in the universe will decrease. That causes expansion of the quantum field. 

Image 2

And because the material is at a higher energy level than the universe around it energy travels to the area that is at the lower energy level. That transfer of energy continues until the energy level in particles is the same as the space around it. 

This energy flow causes the material is getting old. And it pushes the edge of the universe away from the point where the Big Bang happened. So the expansion of the universe continues as long as there is material in the universe. Or the energy flow turns so weak that the gravitation wins. 

The possibility that time moves backward in some other universe requires that energy travels to the center of that universe. In that hypothetical universe, the negative energy or energy that travels in the middle of the universe causes that material cannot old. The material will get always new energy. And that will deny that the material turns to wave movement.

Quantum mechanics can boost cosmology.

Also, the ability to connect things like quantum mechanics and quantum gravitation in large-scale structures is opening new visions for the research and knowledge of the universe. But how many universes exist? The fact is that if there are other universes. The starlight of our universe will cover the light that comes from the other universes. 

The thing that covers the existence of the other universes is the cold areas in the cosmic background. Those holes are forming only when high-energy radiation pushes particles away from each other. The thing is that other universes are the next logical step in the findings of the new structures in the universe. 

https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-object-list/

https://www.technopython.com/2021/10/the-multiverse-theory.html

https://www.universetoday.com/77523/multiverse/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_object

Theoretical wormholes are channels between superpositioned and entangled black holes.

Sometimes people still ask: are wormholes possible? The fact is that electromagnetic wormholes are a proven phenomenon. Things like laser rays are one version of the electromagnetic wormholes, and those things are just removing some quantum fields around them. 

The difference between some laser rays and the real wormhole is that the wormhole is a much more powerful phenomenon. Wormholes are a theoretical phenomenon. They are like tubes or whirls of electromagnetic fields in the universe. 

The idea of the wormhole is that there are no quantum fields inside that channel. Theoretically, the laser rays can form real wormholes by creating a series of quantum size black holes. Then the laser ray will put those quantum-black holes to superposition and entanglement. 

Can wormholes transport information? The fact is that when the information drops into a black hole it will not vanish. It just turns its form. When we are thinking about atoms. They are formed of quarks, gluons, and electrons. The elementary particle can travel through black holes and wormholes. 

So information will be pixelated, it will turn to pieces. And the question about the use of wormholes as space travel is can we return the information to its original form. It's impossible to erase information itself. The bites of information still exist. But the question can anybody rebuild that information again to its original form. So at least the wave movement can go through the wormhole. 

Information can travel in wormholes only from higher energy black holes to lower energy black holes. 

We can think of black holes as quantum systems. The requirement is that information travels between objects that are superpositioned and entangled. Is that the other part of the superposition is at a higher level. Energy levels are like floors in the house. And information acts like a ball in that system. If we want to put information travel in that system we can easily drop it to the lower floor.

Information drops to the lower floor very easily. But if we want to push the ball on the same floor we must give some kind of kick in that case. And if we want to return the ball from the lower floor to the upper floor we must throw it with force. Same way information can travel in quantum systems easily only from the higher energy state to the lower energy state.

When people are saying that the object travels in Einstein-Rose bridge or wormhole faster than the speed of light they are right and wrong. Inside the wormhole, all objects are traveling at the same speed. So the speed of photons is the same as other objects. 

But what is the Einstein-Rose bridge called wormhole? The idea of the wormhole is that there is a channel inside the universe there are no quantum fields. The wormhole connects two black holes. When two black holes are starting to oscillate with the same frequency they are superpositioned and entangled. 

The thing in wormhole theory is that the energy that travels between two superpositioned and entangled black holes are forming a phenomenon where energy travels in the core of the energy channel. That thing isolates the channel inside that thing. And that removes the quantum fields from inside the energy channel. 

And what forms the white hole? 

Theoretical white holes are the places in the universe where material and wave movement are coming out from the wormhole. In black holes information falls in a black hole. In white holes, the information travels away from white holes. So theoretical white holes are the opposite phenomenon to the black hole. The creation of that phenomenon requires that the wormholes are not forming between black holes. 

There is theoretically possible that the electromagnetic field is starting to whirl. Or there is forming some kind of eruption channel in the universe where the electromagnetic field is closing the space inside it. Then the pressure of the quantum fields removing. And the electromagnetic vacuum causes the particles can travel in that tube with extremely fast speed. In that electromagnetic vacuum, all particles can travel at the same speed with photons.

So the fast-moving particles are unable to remove the wave movement from their core. The reason for that is that all particles are traveling in the wormholes. Are traveling with the speed of the wave movement. That thing causes the wormhole cannot to collapse. 

When those particles are coming from the wormholes they form the doppler effect. They are pushing wave movement ahead of them. And when they are losing their energy that doppler wave sends photons. This is the reason why that hypothetical phenomenon is called a "white hole".

https://scitechdaily.com/wormholes-shortcuts-connecting-two-points-in-spacetime-help-resolve-black-hole-information-paradox/ 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_hole

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

How to prove that quantum entanglement affects backward in time?

These kinds of things are a little bit complicated. The thing that makes this thing complicated. Is that we are living in the past. Everything that we see happened a short time ago. 

And for confirming that some effect that happens in the past can control from the future requires a time machine. And nobody has ever proven to make a time machine that allows humans to travel back in time. And if we can make some single electron travel back in time. That would not mean that we can transfer humans or living organisms to the past. 

So we can try to make that kind of test by using notes. We can make notes where we can determine the certain position of the other parts of the superpositioned and entangled particles. And then we can wait a little bit longer and turn the positions of those superpositions. The problem is how to make the researcher compile the position in the past. 

There is the possibility that the so-called "Mandela-effect" turns this kind of test useless. That means the observations. That was marked on the paper. Turn to match with the new positions that pointed from the future. So that means there could be no way for proving the effect that comes from the future. 

Normally the "Mandela effect" is connected with unreal memories. But that term means also the theoretical possibility. That something can affect the past from the future. If something affects from the future to the past. That means that thing deletes the original case. And the original case ever happened. The series of cases that are connected with that case all change to the form of the new case. So the case that new case replaced ever happened. And that thing makes it impossible to prove time travel or effect from the future. 

Could the WARP bubble make an object travel to the past?

Could the WARP bubble make an object travel to the past? The thing is that when the stable object will get in the WARP bubble. That bubble makes energy flow away from it. So if time is not the real thing. That means the time is the energy level of the material. 

The energy flow outside the material causes that material will age very fast. The thing that makes time travel possible is that time must be the effect that affects space. Otherwise, that bubble will just destroy the material. The WARP bubble can use to transfer energy outside material in zero-point propulsion systems. In some zero-point engines, ion cannon shoots particles into a WARP bubble. And they will turn to radiation. The radiation travels in the bubble faster than it travels outside that bubble. But if time does not affect space. WARP bubble makes that our time traveler would turn to energy. 

The ability to make superpositions through time makes it possible to affect the past. If researchers are making superpositions through time they might make the superpositioned and entangled particle pair. Then another particle in the particle pair will get stress energy. That makes the channel in the quantum entanglement oscillate. And that thing causes electromagnetic interaction with the environment. 

The problem with time travel is that time dilation makes time travel to the future possible. But we don't know how to make opposite time dilation that makes it possible to travel backward in time. The thing in time travel to the past is that time must make travel through the object. 

If we are thinking of the time travel in "Terminator" movies. That system bases the idea that the object is surrounded by using WARP-bubble. The problem with this kind of system is that the WARP bubble makes energy travel outside material. And that means. The energy that travels outside material must replace by using extra energy pumping. To particles or objects that wanted to transfer in time. 

Time travel requires that time is the real thing that affects also space. If time is a virtual force or energy level of the material. That means time travel is impossible to the past. The WARP bubble is making time travel faster in the bubble. 

That means the object that is in the WARP bubble would fall behind the time that travels outside the WARP bubble. The WARP bubble is the thing that makes time move faster in it. And that thing can solve the problem of how to travel backward in time. 

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/mathematical-breakthrough-makes-it-easier-to-explore-quantum-entanglement/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Can the three object problem be the key to the gravitation?

When we want to calculate the position of two objects. Those are orbiting each other that thing is really easy. But when we are involving the third object in this problem that thing makes everything so hard that even the best computers cannot calculate that thing. The fact is that the position of the three objects in the orbiting system should be easy to calculate. But the results of those calculations have no match with reality. 

The thing is that the gravitation waves are proven that gravitation is some kind of wave movement like light. That thing can help us to model the situation. That makes those calculations very hard. If we are thinking that between the objects is the channel where the power of quantum fields is lower than around the channel. And the pressure of outcoming radiation will push the particles together that thing can explain why the third object makes the system very hard to calculate. 

When the channel with lower energy quantum fields is forming between two objects. That makes them positioned in the same system. If we are using the regular terms. We can say that the pressure between those objects is lower than around them. 

Diagram 1

And the third object is pulling the third quantum field through that channel. That can cause the pushing effect of unpredictable things in the quantum fields. Between those three objects. In the diagram, there is the model of how the third object is affecting the gravitational channel or quantum channel between the objects. 

It pulls the gravitational waves or gravitational curves through that channel. And when the third part of the system is orbiting the entirety. When the position of the third object changes the form and direction of the energy curve are also changed. That means the entirety of the three object systems is incredibly hard to calculate. 

https://www.wired.com/2016/06/way-solve-three-body-problem/

Researchers use binary star systems or triple stars to confirm the calculations. 

Above this text is an artist's impression of the binary-star system GG-Tauri A (https://www.universetoday.com/Double Disc Found Feeding Each Other In Binary Star System)

Four effects are affecting that system.

1) Pure gravitational effect

2)Centripetal force 

3)Electromagnetic interaction

4) Effect of other members of the system

When we are thinking about the objects of a three-member system the third part will not pull only gravitational fields through two main objects. It pulls also ions and other particles to those objects. Even if the effect of those particles is minimal. That effect can last even millions or billions of years. In the real universe, the electromagnetic effects are not stable. Many high-energy reactions happen suddenly. And that thing causes unpredicted changes in the radiation of the stars. 

When we are looking at the binary-star systems there are also the ion bridges between those stars. The third part is also affecting that bridge. And the electromagnetic radiation will also be affecting that bridge. The gas bridge between the stars is high energetic plasma. That plasma is acting as an antenna and all electromagnetic radiation effects that plasma. When the temperature of the plasma is increasing. That thing that causes the heat of plasma is also pushing those stars away as well as gravitation is pulling them together. 

Image) https://www.universetoday.com/115494/double-disc-found-feeding-each-other-in-binary-star-system/

Can the universe itself be pixelated?

Image: (ScitchDaily.com/The search for signatures of quantum gravity forges ahead.)

"German physicist Werner Heisenberg deduced that space and time are pixelated into indivisible three-dimensional Planck Length, are we living in a pixelated universe? If we are, then what type of geometric code would describe a pixelated reality?" (https://awakeandaware.ca/pixelated-universe-and-quantum-theory/)

If we are thinking of the pixelated universe theory we can think that the entirety acts like the pixel camera image. We see the entirety, made by multiple pixels. Every single pixel is independent. But it's the part of the entirety called the universe. 

The thing is that we can look at things like quarks as independent things. But we can also see them as the part of the entirety called atoms or universe. And the thing that determines the entirety of what we see is the accuracy of what we are using. 

We can observe things like quarks and maybe someday we will know everything about those things. But the quarks are not themselves telling us anything about things like planets. The planets are forming of atoms that are forming of quarks. But getting information about the environment of the planets requires that we observe the entirety called the planet. The planet might give us a piece of very much information about itself. But can we scale that information for all other planets? 

The fact is that we can say that quarks are forming planets. and that thing can scale to the entire universe. 

The entire material formed of quarks.  Except for black holes. Or are we sure about that thing? About 85% of the material in the universe is invisible so the only reaction between dark and visible material is gravitation. And if we think that way we cannot be sure about the thing that forms the dark matter. When we increase accuracy we see details. If we decrease the accuracy we see entireties. But if we use too high accuracy. We would lose the entirety. 

That thing is seen in the graphical software. When we are increasing the accuracy too high that will pixelate the image. We see only pixels. But we cannot see the image. For making the image visible. We must decrease accuracy that we can see the entirety. 

And that is one of the most interesting things in cosmology. The quarks can observe as independent things. But the quarks can also observe as part of the entireties. 

The thing in pixelated universe theory is that. Every single particle is surrounded by its quantum field. This thing might seem very easy to understand but then we might remember the exclusion principle that there are not two similar fermions in the same quantum system. So that thing means that the superposition between two natural fermions in the same quantum system is not possible. 

The thing is what the pixelated universe theory means.  That is when we are increasing the accuracy in the system. We might get more and more fractals quantum pixels that are repeating themselves. So is the universe one great quantum system with multiple sub-quantum systems? 

The fact is that if we would travel far enough from the most out layer of the universe we might see the universe as one quantum entirety. So the quantum entirety will expand from the tiniest particles in the universe to the entirety called the universe. The thing is that there is the possibility that the universe is part of the larger quantum entirety where are other universes. 

https://futurism.com/universe-pixelated

https://scitechdaily.com/is-space-pixelated-the-quest-for-quantum-gravity/

About WARP bubbles and Alcubierre drive:

 About WARP bubbles and Alcubierre drive: 

"A properly constructed Alcubierre warp bubble. As space constricts in front of the vessel and expands behind, the ship is theoretically pushed forward at speeds faster than light."

"Image: LSI, White, et al."(Paging Zefram Cochrane: (Humans have figured out how to make a warp bubble)

"Don't pack your bags and move to Bozeman yet. This micro-scale warp bubble won't be capable of propulsion, but it could have myriad other applications, says its discoverer Dr. Sonny White"(Paging Zefram Cochrane: Humans have figured out how to make a warp bubble)

At this moment, WARP is theoretical but the most promising tool to travel very close to the speed of light. Or it can also even cross the speed of light. But that technology is in the study and theory. There is no evidence about existing of Alcubierre drive. But studies around that thing are continuing. 

The idea of one version of the WARP bubble drives is that the craft is surrounded by using bubble where the quantum fields are removed. Then there is the extremely low-energetic point behind the craft. That point will pull the radiation or energy through that point. And then that energy will impact with craft and push it forward. That thing can be the basics of one version of the WARP drive. 

There are two ways to make WARP-drive. Another is that the craft itself will surround by using WARP-bubble. And another is that the exhaust gas-like electrons are surrounded by using a WARP bubble. In that other version, the exhaust gases could travel faster than the speed of light. And the biggest bottleneck of the faster-than-light theories is to make exhaust gas that travels faster than light. 

The first thing that is clear when people are talking about an accidentally made WARP bubble is the phenomenon that affects subatomic particles. If some electron is surrounded by a WARP bubble that proves that some scale of WARP drive is possible. There is a long way that the spacecraft can benefit from that thing. So they didn't create a WARP bubble that could make some USS Enterprise possible. But the quantum-size WARP-bubbles can make it possible to make quantum computers more effective than they have ever been before. 

The idea of the WARP-bubbles is that they could be areas where is fewer quantum fields. In the case of electrons, the WARP effect can be created by pumping energy to that particle while they are traveling at an extremely high speed. Then the radiation that comes from electrons would push the quantum fields away from it. When an electron is coming from the accelerator the energy pushes it backward. Maybe in the distant future, this kind of system is possible. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/no-warp-bubble/

https://www.inverse.com/innovation/warp-bubble-space-time

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/paging-zefram-cochrane-humans-have-figured-out-how-to-make-a-warp-bubble/

Image:https://www.techrepublic.com/article/paging-zefram-cochrane-humans-have-figured-out-how-to-make-a-warp-bubble/

Skyrmions were modeled by using a beam of light.

 Skyrmions were modeled by using a beam of light. 

Skyrmion can use to make the models of black holes and also as the quantum circular saw. 

The image above this text introduces the skyrmion that formed around the wave movement. The wave movement acts like a pillar that is forming a skyrmion around it. This kind of model can use to make models about the things like black holes and wormholes. The black hole would make the X- or gamma-ray beam that acts as the giant super skyrmion. 

The skyrmion is not a particle. It's the one kind of magnetic field that orbits the wave movement. Or rather saying skyrmions are forming of quantum lightning. Normal-size lightning is the flow of electrons. But in the quantum world, the lighting is like small strings. 

The other version of the fuzzball theory of the Black Holes is that Balck Holes themselves are not destroying the information. The giant skyrmion around then is the thing that destroys the information. 

Skyrmions are given an idea that the form of the Black Holes can hide the fuzzball. The fuzzball is a structure like a skyrmion before the event horizon. So the material disk around black holes is forming inside the skyrmion. And that skyrmion destroys information. 

The idea is that the Black Holes are maybe themselves not be the fuzzball. But they are surrounding the skyrmion that is acting like a fuzzball. 

That is destroying all information that tries to close Black Hole in the direction where the material disk is. So that means that if the information is dropping to wormhole without destruction. That requires it must avoid the transition disk and skyrmion around it. 

So we can think that the wave pillar inside the skyrmion is like the radiation stick that is coming out from the poles of black holes and the skyrmion itself is like the material disk around the black hole. The ability to make skyrmion around the wave movement makes it possible to create the quantum circular saw that can cut molecules exactly to the wanted point. 

But the interesting thing is: could some other exotic particles form by using laser rays?

Sometimes is introduced an idea that the particles like electrons would press to flat by using the laser ray. And maybe that method can use to create anyons the 2D particles that can revolutionize the quantum systems. 

The term quantum annealing means that the energy level of the particle would rise by pumping energy in it. That means by using electromagnetic radiation stress. The energy level of the standing particle can rise to a very high level. That means the small particle accelerator can turn the particle to an extreme energy level. 

And by using the quantum annealing and small particle accelerator there is possible to create even Higgs boson if the particle is pre-annealed. In that process, the laser-rays will pump energy to electrons and other particles before they will be sent to the accelerator. 

https://scitechdaily.com/elusive-fundamental-particles-called-skyrmions-modeled-in-beam-of-light/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzball_(string_theory)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrmion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Image:https://scitechdaily.com/elusive-fundamental-particles-called-skyrmions-modeled-in-beam-of-light/

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Black holes and the Theory of General Relativity are an interesting combination.

(The Image I)The model of the wormhole. "If space were two-dimensional, folding it would enable three-dimensional shortcuts connecting widely separated places. Could our Universe contain similar wormholes?"

Credit:

ESO/L. Calçada (https://supernova.eso.org/exhibition/images/1209b-wormhole_cc/)

The thing is that at the point of the event horizon the gravitation effect of the black hole causes that the escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. And all particles are dropping to a black hole with the speed of escaping velocity. That means the speed of the light is crossed at that point. 

The gravitational lenses proved that the gravitation effect to light. And if the gravitational field is strong enough. That means the gravitation pulls the photons inside the black hole. The point where escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light. Called the "event horizon". The event horizon means that the light cannot escape beyond that point. 

Do the black holes form new universes? The fact is that maybe someday in the distant future. Erupting black holes would release material to the universe. And that thing causes the forming of the new universe. But are the black holes forming the new universes right now? 

That is an interesting question because it requires the existence of wormholes. And the thing is that the wormholes are part of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. Nobody has ever seen those things yet, but things like "cosmic neural structure" are offering a tip, that there might be some wire-looking gravitational effect. 

Image II: Cosmic web: Is this the first evidence of the existence of wormholes?

The thing is that the black holes are offering data that allows researchers to find evidence about the similarities between the theoretical world of Theory of General Relativity and the real world. 

The thing is that the Theory of Special Relativity from 1905 has confirmed a long time ago. And the Black Holes are also confirmed that Einstein's Theory of General Relativity from the year 1915 is at least mostly correct. When those theories are put in the ultimate tests they are passed. Theory of General Relativity makes wormholes possible. 

And all the time when that theory is put to the critical test. That theory is proven right. The last case when the Theory of General Relativity has proven is recently when the jet of the large black hole is proven that thing possible. So why wormholes can't be true? The fact is that those "channels throughout space and time" would seem very incredible. But the Theory of General Relativity makes them possible. 

The existence of a wormhole means that information like electrons or quarks can travel throughout it. Sending spacecraft through that energy channel is a little bit bigger thing than sending a couple of electrons or quarks through that channel. The size of the elementary particles is a little bit smaller than some spacecraft. 

And then at the last, we must say that even if we can send spacecraft through the wormhole that doesn't mean that the living organism can pass that thing. The radiation in the wormhole would be extremely strong, but the craft travels in that tube with the speed of the wave movement. 

https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/17/world/dwarf-galaxies-intl-scli-scn/index.html

https://supernova.eso.org/exhibition/1209/

https://scitechdaily.com/supercomputer-simulations-explain-massively-powerful-black-hole-jet-confirms-einsteins-theory-of-general-relativity/

https://www.space.com/17661-theory-general-relativity.html

https://www.space.com/36273-theory-special-relativity.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Image I:https://supernova.eso.org/exhibition/images/1209b-wormhole_cc/

Image II: https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/best-image-yet-cosmic-web/