Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole?

     Can dark matter transform planets or red dwarfs into a black hole? 

"Black hole inside? Exoplanet observations could provide a new way to search for superheavy dark matter. (Courtesy: NASA/JPL-Caltech)" (Physics world, Exoplanets suffering from a plague of dark matter could turn into black holes)

Theoretically, any object in the universe can transform into a black hole. That means dark matter can form a black hole like visible matter. Dark matter can also play a role in cases where small red dwarfs or planets turn into black holes. There are no observations about those planetary-sized black holes. But they can exist. 

Theoretically, black holes' relativistic jets. Or supernova explosions can turn a planet’s atmosphere into super-high temperatures. And this can cause energy to flow into the planet’s or a small star’s core. And if the gravity field travels to the front of the shockwave, that can cause a situation where the object just vanishes. 

Dark matter that travels into the small object’s core can pull that core into form. There, the self-sustaining nuclear fusion can begin. The mass of the star should be high enough that the whirls and entropy cannot break the fusion core. If the star is too light and fusion starts, it blows the star’s shell out. And that pulls the fusion core larger, causing energy loss. 

If a star is too heavy, the fusion that starts in the middle of it can be too strong. And that blows the star’s shell outside. The loss of energy causes a different situation. Gravity pulls the shell back into its form. And then the star turns into a black hole, immediately when its fusion begins. In the cases of the heaviest nebulae, the nebula can fall straight into the black hole. 

When we think about the possibility that dark matter can transform a planet into a black hole, that can happen in two ways.

1) The dark matter can move into the planet’s core and pull it into a black hole. 

2) Dark matter can form a plague on the planet’s shell. In that case, dark matter annihilation, or other interactions, can form dark energy. That dark energy that travels into the planet’s core can cause an implosion, where a small reflecting wave can make a small vacuum in the planet’s core. The idea is that dark matter doesn’t let energy travel out from that object. That can cause the planet to fall into a form. That we call a black hole. 

When a star forms, the energy level in its shell must be higher than in the core. Then that outside energy pushes particles into the form that fusion can begin. If that fusion is too strong, it detonates the star. When fusion ignites, the star blows a little bit of its mass away, and that forms rings around stars. That forms the asteroid belts around our sun. And that flash can form the situation that some other stars around that star also ignite. 

New theory suggests that dark matter can transform planets into black holes. In the original text, only giant planets are mentioned. Maybe dark matter particles can also transform less massive objects into black holes. The idea is simple. Dark matter interacts with other dark matter particles or “units”. We don’t know what dark matter is, so we could use the word “unit” to describe the dark matter centers. In this text, 'dark matter particles' refers to the same concept as the 'dark matter units”. 

We must realize that the electromagnetic fields near the gravity center are weaker than the outer shell of that field. And that makes the energy travel into the gravity center, taking particles with it. So, the idea is that dark matter units or particles can make the group or cloud. If the massive dark matter cloud travels into the planet’s core, that thing can cause the planet to collapse into a black hole. Dark matter can be massive particles that can cause a situation where the planet falls into a black hole. 

But what is dark matter, or some kind of condensed material impacts things like red dwarfs? That kind of condensed material can pull lots of energy out from that star. There is a possibility that a red dwarf will follow the route of the dark matter beam that travels to the black hole. That dwarf star can collect the dark matter in its core. And that can cause a fall into the black hole. Another scenario can be that. 

Condensed material can pull lots of energy out from a red dwarf. That can cause a situation where the red dwarf turns into a very low-energy form. If the red dwarf loses its energy production and its core turns into a too-low-energy form, the red dwarf can fall like all other stars. But can its mass and energy turn that object into a black hole? In that case, the object cannot explode if the nuclear fusion doesn’t ignite during the fall. 

The idea is that the dark matter can increase the weight of the planet’s core. Then the energy increases the planet’s atmospheric energy level. The super-hot atmosphere put energy to travel into the middle of the planet. Another model is that a planet or a small star can lose its core’s energy level. And that makes energy and matter fall into the middle of the planet. In the same way, extreme conditions near the center of Milky Way-type galaxies can cause a situation where even red or brown dwarfs start to glow hotter than they should. In that model, the density of the dark energy can cause a situation where Dark energy can make small stars glow hotter than they should. 

Can dark matter be the thing that makes the smallest known M-type stars create self-sustaining nuclear fusion? 

The dark matter interaction can also explain. Why some of the smallest known red dwarfs can maintain nuclear fusion. The idea is that the small protostar can pull dark matter into its nucleus, and that thing pulls the nucleus. And starts the nuclear fusion. 

Conditions near the galaxy center or near black holes are extremely. When a planet or a red dwarf loses energy from their core and their atmosphere turns into very high energy, that thing can push those objects into black holes. We know that dark matter is not homogeneously spread throughout the universe. There are points where the dark matter forms denser structures than at other points. So if the planet or red dwarf travels into the dark matter cloud. It can start to pull dark matter into it. 

Dark matter behaves like regular material, and that means it positions itself into a planet’s core, or a red dwarf's core. That can cause a situation where that planet or a small star collapses into a black hole. The thing that can press even a small planet into a black hole can be a situation where a condensed photon beam takes all the energy from the planet’s core. Then the high-energy shell and atmosphere press the planet into the singularity. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/exoplanets-suffering-from-a-plague-of-dark-matter-could-turn-into-black-holes/

https://scitechdaily.com/can-dark-matter-turn-giant-planets-into-black-holes/

Could super earth host life?

An artist's illustration of the view. From the exoplanet LHS 1140b. That giant orbits an M dwarf star about one-fifth the size of the sun. 

The planet could be a prime target for follow-up studies in the search for life elsewhere in the universe. (Image credit: M. Weiss/CfA )(Astronomy.com/Newfound Alien Planet Is Best Place Yet to Search for Life). 

Water is fairly common in the universe. But the problem is that life needs liquid water. There are some models that in the water droplets of the vapor in the atmosphere of the hot planets can form the RNA molecules. In that case, the water droplets with RNA could be the most primitive organisms that we can imagine. Those hypothetical organisms would be only the RNA bites and organelle in the water droplet that can copy itself. 

The mass of that exoplanet is about 6,6 times Earth, and the size of it is about 1,4 times of Earth. There are calculations that this 6,6 Earth mass is the limit of the mass of the planet. That can host life. 

Super earth of giant rocky planets orbiting very close to red dwarf stars is causing discussions about alien life. There is the possibility some of those super earth have liquid water on their surface. There is the possibility that also yellow stars have super earth. 

Researching those super earth that are orbiting red dwarfs is giving data that can use to make models about the lifeforms of planets that are more similar to Earth. The idea is that life is almost always born in oceans or underwater conditions. 

Even if organisms on planets around red dwarfs remain at primitive level or underwater conditions there is the possibility, that there is a similar planet orbiting some yellow star. And the life forms on that super earth would turn more advanced, creating even civilization. 

And that always causes discussions about the lifeforms that could live on those planets. Those rocky worlds are locked, but vaporizing water from oceans can make those planets' surface temperature low, and freezing night-side of the planet will also lower the surface temperature. So could there be some lifeforms? 

Even if the dry land areas on those planets are hostile to lifeforms. There is a possibility that some kind of alien organisms can live in their oceans. When we are talking about alien life, we must realize that intelligent alien life is a different thing than alien life. There is the possibility. Primitive organisms like bacteria can live on many planets. 

But intelligent aliens are a little bit different thing. They might not be as common as some bacteria or algae. The water worlds or planets that are covered by water layers can host some primitive lifeforms. 

There is one thing that we must realize. That thing is that there could be lifeforms in the oceans. But those lifeforms might not able to rise to drylands. So there could be some algae or even fish-type alien organisms on those planets. 

The water layer protects those animals against the heat of the eruption of the red dwarf. The organisms that live in the alien planet's oceans can exist even close to deadly radiation sources. The water layer is a good protector against the radiation that comes from neutron stars or black holes. 

But the thing is that intelligent lifeforms need some other conditions. In all models technically advanced civilization requires the ability to live and operate in dry lands. All models that are made of alien lifeforms are models. Nobody saw those lifeforms yet. Or there is no concrete evidence that certain planets are hosting life. 

Silurian hypothesis: are aliens visited on Earth? The fact is we don't know. 

There is a so-called "Silurian hypothesis" about the ancient alien visitors to Earth. The evidence of those things is weak. And nobody can say 100% surely are those visitors true or false. And that's why they are under research. Those pieces of evidence are the Egyptian and Mayan artifacts and things like Nazca lines. 

And the artifact on the walls of some cathedrals, along with folk stories like American Indian and Buddhist stories of the blond-hair gods or warriors, give some kind of possibility that some kind of alien visit to Earth is possible. But the "smoking gun" evidence is missing. There is no concrete proof that some nation has alien bodies. Or the existence of those bodies wanted to deny. 

There are a couple of signals like Wow! and BLC1. The origin of the BLC-1 is in the direction of Proxima Centauri. 

The Wow! signal was captured by the "Big Ear" telescope. And the BLC-1 was captured by the Australian Parkes observatory. 

The programmer of the computer forgot to determine which of those two antennas are receiving the transmission. But astronomers calculated the origin of that signal for both antennas. So there are two possible directions where the "Wow! signal" can come. And in another direction is a Sun-like star 3000 light years from us. 

The origin of those signals can be in intelligent civilizations. But the fact is that those signals are captured only once. That makes mystery. There are opinions that the natural source of those signs requires that those signals are repeating or that the chemical compound of those transmitters should be unique. 

The thing is that the "Silurian hypothesis" is one of the versions of the theory that somewhere in our universe is an intelligent civilization. Or in the universe, there must be intelligent civilizations. There are billions of galaxies in the universe and we would be too lucky if we are alone. But how close are those civilizations? 

That thing remains a mystery. Until the first confirmed data transmission comes from another star. And, of course, we must realize that the origin of the data transmission must not necessarily come from endemic species. The source of those signals can be the alien outpost. Or it can be a man-made satellite. Without repeating. The source of those mysterious Wow! and BLC-1 signals remains a mystery. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57355192

https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-57749238

https://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/Water:_Molecule_of_Life.html

https://www.space.com/36521-alien-planet-best-bet-search-for-life.html

https://www.space.com/7342-water-water.html

https://www.space.com/exoplanets-habitable-zone-assumptions-maybe-wrong

https://www.space.com/super-earth-exoplanet-habitability-size-constraints

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_Lines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_signal

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Magnesium germanite can be the key to a new type of quantum computer.

"Working with magnesium germanate, Mg2GeO4, analogous to one of the mantle’s most abundant silicate minerals. The team was able to glean information about the potential mineralogy of super-Earths and other large, rocky exoplanets". 

"Under about 2 million times normal atmospheric pressure a new phase emerged with a distinct crystalline structure that involves one germanium bonded with eight oxygens. The new eight-coordinated intrinsically discorded mineral. Is expected to strongly affect". 

"The internal temperature and dynamics of these planets. Credit: Illustration is courtesy of Rajkrishna Dutta (Scitech Daily, What’s Happening in the Depths of Distant Worlds? Physics and Chemistry Fundamental to the Existence of Life)". 

Sometimes, when I see this kind of image. I noticed that these kinds of silicates are looking like neural structures.

So, could it be possible that on some planet, magnesium silicate forms quantum computers spontaneously? The structure of magnesium silicate is similar to a neural network. But is it possible that this kind of mineral would someday use in portable lightweight quantum-neural computers? 

The magnesium germanite is one of the molecules that can someday form the new type of quantum computers. Quantum computers can operate at room temperature but it requires extremely stable conditions. The idea is that the magnesium and germanium atoms can stress by electromagnetic radiation. 

Electromagnetic radiation can use to stress those atoms separately. So that kind of system can have two data handling lines or qubit lines. The idea is that those systems can make the error handling by driving the same algorithm separately. And if they get the same answer the answer is right. Magnesium germanite can use to create small-size quantum computers. 

The solid and compact quantum processors might not be as powerful as some computer centers. In that case, we must remember that our mobile devices and laptop computers are not so powerful as some central computers. So even in the quantum computing world, the different computers must not do the same things. The lightweight systems must not have the same capacity as factory-sized systems. 

But they are more powerful than most binary computers. The magnesium germanite can be cut into small 2D plates. But if that structure is 3D. It can use to make the quantum neural system that can have many internal data handling lines. 

The new research about underground lifeforms is going on.

When we are looking for alien lifeforms, we should first describe the term "lifeforms". Would the thing get the lifeform status because it can make descendants? Is the self-replicating molecule the thing that we can call a lifeform? Or could the lifeform be the crystal controlled by the DNA? Lifeforms like vegetables are not moving at all. Or should the lifeform interact with the environment?

There are found "ice flowers" on Mars near NASA rovers. Those things are not alien lifeforms. Ground frost forms those "flowers".

Carbon dioxide and other hydrocarbons are acting like water when the temperature rises. Those things turn to gas and cause expansion. That expansion causes the ground is starting to rise. Rising gas is decreasing temperature at the edge of sand particles. And that makes them freeze to interesting forms. 

Why are researchers researching exoplanets? And especially super-Earths. The mantle of super-earth is very thick and there is the possibility that some kind of organisms could live in the mantle of the large rocky planets. The volcanic temperature of those planets can offer the stable and safe conditions that some primitive organisms can live under the surface of the locked planet.  

The reason is that those distant rocky worlds are telling us what might be our fate. And then the data that is collected from the exoplanets can connect with data collected from Earth. The life in Earth's deep mantle is ever searched before. There is the possibility that deep in Earth are the lifeforms that can live by using volcanic temperature for energy production. 

If that kind of lifeform is found. That thing makes people rethink the origin of life. There is the possibility. That the Primordial Sea was the water vein deep underground. There were born the first procaryotes. And then some of them rise to the surface. The ability to make photosynthesis was the reason why the organisms came to the surface. 

When we are thinking about the form of the alien life. We forget one thing.  The alien life is not probably like our life at all. When we are thinking about primitive lifeforms. There is possible that those lifeforms cannot move at all. 

Silicon-based lifeform could be DNA-controlled crystals. Or it can be the ice crystals whose growth and form are controlled by the DNA. The thing is that the term "lifeform" can mean anything from some kind of little green man to some self-replicating molecules. But could the hypothetical silicon-based lifeforms some kind of computer? 

https://www.studyfinds.org/mars-flower-nasa-curiosity-rover/

https://phys.org/news/2022-03-life-earth-deep-mantle.html

https://scitechdaily.com/whats-happening-in-the-depths-of-distant-worlds-physics-and-chemistry-fundamental-to-the-existence-of-life/

Can the planet have a mind of its own?

 

There are two ways how the planet can reach consciousness. 

1) The natural way. 

There would form the neural network that covers the entire planet. There is some kind of vision or hypothesis. That another planet can have intelligence. The intelligence would be the vegetables that are hybridized with neurons. 

The question is what this type of intelligence would do? The fact is that this type of creature can make spaceflights if there are some species like monkeys. This means that the neural network of the planet will control those animals. And that kind of entirety can make many things. 

But without those monkey creatures, the neural network would do nothing. It just stays. The reason why evolution has created the ability to think for people. Is that people need that skill. The ability to think is formed from the need to answer. For the challenges that nature is giving. And humans needed thinking the challenge the predators. 

If our hypothetical neural network has no enemies or problems it would not think. Thinking requires some kind of information. And need to handle that information is making thinking. But without the need to develop things our hypothetical neural network is like The Little Prince from the novel. Its entire world is the planet. And that thing means it would not make anything. And the destiny of that species is its sun. Sooner or later that star turns into a red giant and destroys its planets. 

2) The artificial way. In this version, controlled evolution will connect networks and animals to one entirety. 

In this version, the planet will turn to the singularity of technology. And biological components. Theoretically is the possibility that all organisms on the planet would equip with a microchip. That microchip would control the behavior of insects and all other species. The BCI systems allow controlling computers by using EEG. And that thing means that people would start to live in augmented reality. 

In that reality, the sensors or robots are starting to interact with people. But augmented reality can benefit also things like insects. That thing requires that the signals of nervous systems can code and decode. But maybe the control of the insects is possible quite soon by using the EEG-control neural port and microchipped insects. 

Also, those microchips will turn the nervous systems of the entire fauna into the entirety. The thing is that this kind of civilization can control every single organism on its planet by using microchips and computer networks. And maybe we someday face that kind of level. The fact is that the ability to interconnect species would create interesting visions about the augmented reality where everybody can share their thoughts and senses. Or they can take things like ants in their command. Those ants would send their senses to the person who controls them. 

Image 2: (ScitechDaily/Planetary Intelligence: Can a Planet Have a Mind of Its Own?)

But where do we humans are going? 

In the article below this text is described the route from the immature biosphere to the mature technosphere. You might read the description of those stages from the article that is linked below this text. But mainly the steps of intelligence and singularity are in the next list. 

1) Immature biosphere

2) Mature biosphere

3) Immature technosphere

4) Mature technosphere

(ScitechDaily/ Planetary Intelligence: Can a Planet Have a Mind of Its Own?)

Stage 1 was the caveman step. Even the intelligent species would be under force of the nature. The animals are dangerous for all species and that is the beginning of all civilizations. 

Stage 2 Was the level of Romans. They lived in cities, and big animals were not the problem in those cities. Outside city areas things like wolves caused dangers. And things like epidemics caused very big risks. 

Stage 3 is the most dangerous part of the civilization route to Kardashev-Scale. The immature technosphere benefits the pollutive energy production. And also things like a non-controlled environment are causing wars and crises. 

If we think that the Kardashev-scale civilization must pass some test that stage of the immature technosphere is the point where the civilization would destroy itself or turn to planetary and interstellar-scale. But if the civilization reaches the level of mature technosphere it will face a bright future. 

Kardashev-scale

1) The civilization will control one solar system. 

2) Civilization can travel to the closest stars

3) Civilization controls the entire galaxy. 

(Wikipedia/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale)

 

For reaching Kardashev-scale the civilization must unite. And start to act for the goal that is to conquer the entire solar system. For reaching stages 2 and 3 the civilization must reach stage 1. And that thing is possible only if the civilization will forget its problems. Reaching the Kardashev-scale is necessary because otherwise, civilization will annihilate itself. 

Stage 4 is the mature technosphere. The AI-driven world is where energy will be produced only when people need it. That world base is the information technology that is making it possible to control robots and make discussions over the internet. That thing means the ability to make almost the entire world well-controlled. Where even the animals are interconnected with the internet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/planetary-intelligence-can-a-planet-have-a-mind-of-its-own/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale

Image 2:) https://scitechdaily.com/planetary-intelligence-can-a-planet-have-a-mind-of-its-own/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Is gluon the mysterious graviton?

So are gluon, photon and graviton the same particle? That means the graviton would be a very well-known particle. That has some ability that researchers have not noticed yet. 

If we think that gravitation is an interaction there is forming the energy channel between objects there is the possibility that gravitational interaction requires some kind of resonance. So if we think that gravitation is the interaction that affects every single particle in the universe we might think that graviton is some well-known particle. 

And that thing makes me think, that could the graviton be the usual thing? That usual thing should be involving almost all other particles. And one of the most usual particles in the universe is gluons. Gluons are locking quarks to protons and neutrons. 

So if we think that we can split photons into two pieces. That makes it possible that photon is two particles. Some energy bridge would connect those particles. If we use the terms that are meant for operating at the molecular world there is lower energy pressure in that channel than in other places. 

 Or is there a small particle between those photons? And of course, there is the possibility that the photon itself is gluon and graviton. That means it has a form that we just don't know yet.  

There is introduced an idea that there is formed synthetic gravitational waves. By orbiting protons in the particle accelerator. If the speed of protons or some heavier ions would be high enough. That thing makes it possible to create synthetic gravitational waves. The idea is that the quarks and gluons are turning in a straight line when the speed of the proton is high enough. 

Maybe that thing can answer to questions, "are gluon and graviton the same thing"? There is the theory that gluon is the mythical graviton. There is an idea that the gluons are making an electromagnetic vacuum behind them. And those extremely small WARP bubbles will pull quarks to one entirety. 

So the source of the gravitational waves would be in the movement of those gluons. But also the spin of the protons can send the quantum gravitation. The idea about the pushing gravitation is in the idea that there is an electromagnetic vacuum near the object. 

And that vacuum or electromagnetic low pressure will cause the outcoming radiation to push objects to the gravitational center. So there is the channel where is lower electromagnetic pressure between objects. And that means the gravitational energy travels in the border of that electromagnetic channel that pushes objects together. 

The thing is that the energy travels from the gravitational center to the orbiting object. That object will throw the gravitational wave away from it. And that thing makes one very interesting thought in my mind. If we think that gravitational waves are radiation. And if the gravitational interaction requires some kind of resonance. That makes one interesting question: is material where the gravitation has no effect exists? 

https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

The most exotic world in the Universe: PSR B1257+12 known as "Poltergeist"

 

Image: Artist's impression of "Poltergeist". The radiation of pulsar melts the dayside to liquid stone. And that planet would be sterile and one of the most hostile worlds in the Universe. 

The most exotic planet in the known universe is PSR B1257+12. Also known as "Poltergeist". The "Poltergeist" is the first found exoplanet And it orbits a pulsar PSR B1257+12 named "Lich". That exoplanet is a member of a three planet system. 

Those planets are Under powerful radio and particle radiation. The source of that radiation is in the pulsar. The fact is that powerful radio impulses would make the surface of "Poltergeist" one of the most frightening and unusual things in the known Universe. 

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The SETI. And visions of the singularity of consciousness of the alien species.

The surface of "Poltergeist" is sterile. The pulsar will sterilize it. But it has brought a couple of visions about the possibilities of the powerful magnetic fields. "Poltergeist" is the planet that brought some interesting visions into the minds of researchers. One of the things is the hypothetical "Poltergeist creature". 

The idea of the "Poltergeist-creature is like the game of imagination. If some creature could live on that planet it might have a "Jedi force". That means this hypothetical creature could channel the powerful magnetic fields through its nervous system. So if that creature would be in an extremely high technical state. 

That thing could pump energy to its nervous system by using a superpositioned and entangled particle pair. So the creature would be the identical twin. The other part of twins is at "Poltergeist". And then that creature will transmit energy to the nervous system of another part of the twins. But that is only the hypothesis or philosophical model. 

That intelligent species at the surface of "Poltergeist" might not exist. But those visions about the singularity of minds are interesting. 

If the intelligent species would land on the surface of that planet the mind of those hypothetical creatures would turn into a collective singularity. The strong magnetic field will act as the carrier wave. And that turns the organisms into one entirety. 

The SETI researchers have created a hypothesis that the EEG of intelligent humanoids can collect by using radio telescopes. When radio waves of the pulsar travel through the brains of hypothetical aliens. 

That radio transmission acts as carrier waves. The alien EEG causes errors in the radio transmission. So, astronomers can detect those errors or changes from Earth by using radio telescopes. But how to separate those EEG curves from the natural radio transmission from pulsars is a little bit problematic. The fact is that nobody knows what the alien EEG should look like. 

If there would be some intelligent species at the surface of the "Poltergeist" they would not need any other energy source. The radio antennas can bring enough electricity to the technological advantages of that hypothetical civilization. The pulsar will sterilize the surface of "Poltergeist". And that means it's hostile for lifeforms. 

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The "Poltergeist" can give information about how planets are forming. 

The "Poltergeist" is suspected to be the so-called post-stellar planet that formed from the supernova remnant of the "Lich" pulsar. The fact is that. Also, all other planets are forming of material that formed in some supernova explosions. But "Poltergeist" is probably formed from the dust. That material formed when the "Lich" exploded as a supernova. 

Before rocky planets can form the interplanetary nebula must have the elements that are forming rocky planets. Every single element in the universe is formed in stars except hydrogen. Elements like uranium and other very heavy elements form only when the largest stars in the universe are exploding. The fusion reaction in the stars is the source of all elements in the universe. 

And forming of the superheavy elements requires extremely or precise size stars. All uranium that is on Earth is a remnant of the ancient supernova.  

 The star should have a precise mass when it explodes is simple.  is if the star is too heavy. It turns into a black hole during the supernova explosion. If the star turns into a black hole during a supernova explosion. There is the possibility that the entire material that it releases is dropping back to it. 

The forming of a black hole begins in the center of the star. The explosion of the collapsing star causes giant fusion that presses the material to singularity. The event horizon is starting to expand and if the size of the star is high enough the event horizon that expands with the speed of light will reach the escaping material and close it inside the black hole. 

The speed of expansion of the gas bubble around the supernova is always slower than the speed of light. The expanding event horizon will always reach material. Because of the expansion of the event horizon reach a speed of light.  So it closes the material bubble inside it. And that thing will make the effect of the disappearing star. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSR_B1257%2B12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSR_B1257%2B12_B

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSR_B1257%2B12_C

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar_planet

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The organic molecules in the Martian meteorite were not from aliens.

Image 1: "The Allan Hills 84001 meteorite courtesy of NASA/JSC/Stanford University. Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JSC/Stanford University" (ScitechDaily/The Search for Life on Mars: Organic Molecules in Martian Meteorite Not From Aliens.)

The organic molecules in the Martian meteorite were not from aliens. The fact is that proving the lifeform or fossil as extraterrestrial is not a very easy thing.  When we try to prove the origin of molecules or fossils there should be an environment where those samples would stay untouchable. 

The deep ice in polar ice caps might seem very promising. But in that environment, those samples are very easily polluted. When meteorite comes through the atmosphere it will heat. 

And when it touches the ice cap that temperature melts the ice. That thermal effect will activate bacteria and primitive algae in that ice. And some of those tiny organisms are searching for temperature. So the meteorite that comes from Mars is polluted by domestic organisms. And even if some procaryotes. 

Image 2) Planet Mars in natural color. (Wikipedia/Mars)

Which are the most primitive organisms on Earth traveled to the Earth from Mars they are hard to separate from domestic eucaryotes like cyanobacteria. For confirming the origin of the bacteria fossils the samples must be taken to Earth or some moon laboratory straight from Mars. That thing is necessary for keeping samples sterile. 

If there are some prokaryotic bacteria on Mars. That means those bacteria would be extremely small fossils. And the remaining metabolism of those hypothetical bacteria or their microscopic fossils uncovers their origin. The idea is that the metabolism forms chemicals that remain in those fossils or holes that were remaining of those hypothetical ancient bacteria. 

The theory of life on Mars goes like this. There was a short period in the history of that planet. When lifeforms could form. Those lifeforms would look similar to the cyanobacteria on Earth. But then meteorites or cosmic impact caused the planet Mars to lose its core and atmosphere. 

There is the possibility that those tiny lifeforms would remain active when the temperature of the surface decreased. But then the UV radiation whipped them out. This thing is the most common theory of the lifeforms of Mars. If those ancient lifeforms would somehow flow to Earth riding with some meteorite and remain active they are hard to separate from the domestic bacteria. 

There are needed DNA tests. When the DNA tests are made there must be confirmed Martian bacteria DNA or RNA for those tests. And UV radiation could destroy the entire genomes of those hypothetical bacteria. 

And there is the possibility that the remainings of the hypothetical Martian-origin bacteria. Like their genomes are destroyed by UV radiation. Of course, is the possibility that the impact that wiped out those organisms was not the last one. So if some bacteria came from Mars that bacteria could be a fossil. Or they could be vaporized while the meteorite flew to the sky by some cosmic impact. 

When the meteorite left Mars that thing was the drop of the melted material. And while the travel from Mars to Earth. It was under the influence of cosmic radiation. Also, the flow of the particles that came from the Sun terminated the organic material. That means that the alien bacteria could not even exist anymore in that meteorite even if there were the lifeforms on the red planet far away in history. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-search-for-life-on-mars-organic-molecules-in-martian-meteorite-not-from-aliens/

Image 3) The advancing of the Image of Cydonian face. Images from the left: two first images. A and B  are from Viking.  Image C is The 2001 FaceA second "full-faced" image of the "Face" NASA/JPL MOC E03-00824. Note: the distinct "Feline" features on the right side. The erosion has destroyed the form of the face. And there is the small crater. So somebody might say, that could something whip that thing away in purpose. (Images by NASA)

Image 4)  The "Cydonian pyramids". : Pinterest

The alien story begins from here. The data is not confirmed. 

In some hypotheses, the (alien) civilizations would go interstellar travel only when they must do that thing. So if the hypothetical civilization would leave from the stars like Van Maanen 2. That thing means that those creatures would go on a one-way trip. 

When we are thinking about the colonization of the Milky Way we must understand one thing. That thing is not possible quite soon. If that project will someday start. The creatures who go on those journeys will never return. They would go on a one-way trip which takes even millenniums. 

Those creatures would travel in the form of genetic material. And during that journey, artificial intelligence would control the craft. When that craft will reach its target. The genetic material would transfer to cells. So those cells would be infected by the virus that transforms them into aliens. 

And things like the "face" of Mars (Image 2) and "Cydonian city" (Image 3) are bringing imaginational visions in the mid of people. There introduced a theory or hypothesis. That alien from some other solar system is behind those structures. And they would be created by some kind of robot. 

The theory is that the faces that might be lost are created by machines that are copying structures. Even if that thing would be true the alien would not necessarily use those structures. 

In some other vision, those structures came to NASA flight control accidentally. When some spy satellite used the frequency that the Viking probes used. The idea of the base where the Mars astronauts will use is taken from that theory. The idea is that the robots are making the base ready for astronauts before they will land on the red planet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-search-for-life-on-mars-organic-molecules-in-martian-meteorite-not-from-aliens/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Maanen_2

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

   

 Why is planet Mars important when we are going interstellar?

Antimatter is one of the most promising fuels for the interstellar craft. The antimatter rocket is theoretically very easy to create. Material and antimatter will just need to impact inside the reaction chamber. 

Planet Mercury could be a perfect place for the antimatter factory. The antimatter-collection chambers would be the system that pulls the beta-particles like fast electrons that are coming from the Sun through the extremely thin gold layer. That thing turns those particles into antimatter. That can use as fuel for interstellar spacecraft. 

The fact is that producing antimatter in the spacecraft itself is possible. The system can just turn the collector to the star and then the particle flow will travel through the thin gold layer. That thing will turn the electrons that travel through that gold into antimatter. The antimatter can be stored in magnetic bottles. 

That means the hypothetical interstellar probe can fill their antimatter tanks very easily. Those probes must just fly against the particle flow, that comes from those stars. The Daedalus-spacecraft can easily equip with that kind of antimatter collector. And if that spacecraft has the antimatter collector or leaf gold layer with the magnetic chamber at its head. 

That thing allows it to fill the antimatter tank when it comes to the Alpha Centauri. The craft will store the antimatter in the ball-shaped magnetic bottles. And then the material that impacts with antimatter would be water, protons, electrons, or some hydrocarbons. The Proxima Centauri is part of Alpha Centauri system. And that star has a planetary system. 

The needed thing is that the mirror-particles of antimatter are involved in the annihilating material. So if the electrons are stored the positrons are the annihilating thing. If the protons are annihilating the antiprotons are the thing that causes the annihilation.  

Why Mars will be an important waypoint for interstellar travel? 

When human is going interstellar planet Mars has an important role in that kind of project. On that planet. Is possible to make social and technical tests for the systems. That should use for deeper space missions. And if we want to make the antimatter rocket that system can start far away from the Earth. 

Mars is an excellent place for laboratories where is developed the new type of propulsion systems. Those systems require extremely high energetic power sources. And the most promising power source is antimatter. The mass of antimatter that is needed for the journey to Alpha Centauri is about one kilogram if we want to bring samples from that solar system. 

The antimatter is needed for acceleration, braking, and then stabilizing the probe to a certain trajectory. And also returning from Alpha Centauri requires antimatter. The mass of antimatter that is needed for demolishing Earth is about one gram. And one gram of antimatter is needed for creating a fly-by probe. That travels past the Alpha Centauri system. But that project requires anyway extremely high-class investments. 

The thing is that handling that kind of material is extremely dangerous. So the laboratories where that kind of research is made should be very far away from Earth. 

Because if there is an accident and the antimatter touches the wall of the chamber. That thing can destroy the entire planet. If that laboratory would be on the moon. That causes the asteroid could impact Earth. 

And another thing is if the moon is destroyed. There is nothing that causes tidal waves. And the oceans start to drop to the equator. That causes horrible ecological catastrophe. The laboratories that are on Mars are not causing the same kind of threat. The problem is how to produce enough antimatter for an interstellar trip? 

One of the answers is that the antimatter production plant can create on the planet, Mercury. The Mercury could be the perfect place for the antimatter factory. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. But then the antimatter must carry to Mars. So the creation of antimatter in the craft itself would be easier. But there are lots of risks in that kind of mission. The craft should dive into the Sun. And then it creates antimatter in its collector. Then that antimatter will conduct to the rocket. 

https://www.inverse.com/innovation/mars-city-interstellar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

When legends meet: Laplace and Napoleon

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/when-legends-meet-laplace-and-napoleon.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/when-legends-meet-laplace-and-napoleon.html

Writing about the artificial cells and the changing the climate of the distant planets

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/writing-about-artificial-cells-and.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/writing-about-artificial-cells-and.html