Photons and Schrödinger’s cats.

   Photons and Schrödinger’s cats. 

The problem is: Why do photons have no medium? Where is its Schrödinger’s cat state where it has both wave and particle forms at the same time? Logically, thinking the particle that goes from one extreme state to another one should travel through the state where the particle has both extreme states. But can that particle travel through that Schrödinger cat state so fast that we cannot detect it? 

Einstein was wrong. A photon cannot simultaneously have particle and wave forms. We can observe either a particle or a wave form in photons. So, if we observe a photon. It can have separate wave and particle forms. But those states or forms are always separated; they never exist at the same time. Or that time is very short. And we cannot detect it. The normal principle in quantum mechanics is this. An observer cannot measure the precise place of a particle and the particle’s movement at the same time. If particle comes to us, we cannot see that particle moves without triangular measurement. We see that the particle grows. 

That is known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle. Or simpler uncertainty principle. 

“The uncertainty principle, also known as Heisenberg's indeterminacy principle, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. It states that there is a limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties, such as position and momentum, can be simultaneously known. In other words, the more accurately one property is measured, the less accurately the other property can be known.” (Wikipedia, Uncertainty principle)

And could the researchers apply that principle to other things? Like changes in the energy states? Or can the uncertainty principle explain why we can see either particle form, photon, or wave movement form in light? So, is it possible that we just cannot measure wave and particle forms in a photon? At the same time? Or does the photon have the ability to transform its state from the wave to a particle and particle to wave, without the medium state? 

In the most accurate  double-slit experiment in history, MIT used two ultra-cold atoms to prove. That means we can measure a photon's dual-state nature. But at the same time, we cannot see those states. Those states are always separated, and that means the uncertainty principle is useful in some other situations than just measuring the particle’s place or movement. In those other cases. A particle moves between quantum states or energy states and levels. When a particle receives or releases energy, it moves between energy states. And that thing is one way to introduce movement. The movement happens between states, frequencies, or energy levels. 

"Schematic of the MIT experiment: Two single atoms floating in a vacuum chamber are illuminated by a laser beam and act as the two slits. The interference of the scattered light is recorded with a highly sensitive camera depicted as a screen. Incoherent light appears as background and implies that the photon has acted as a particle passing only through one slit. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers." (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“MIT physicists have performed the most precise version of the famous double-slit experiment, using ultracold atoms and single photons to reveal the strange dual nature of light as both wave and particle.”(ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

“This quantum balancing act—long debated by Einstein and Bohr—was tested without traditional “spring” components, instead relying on atomic “fuzziness” to confirm Bohr’s view: you can’t observe both properties at once. The experiment not only showcases the subtleties of quantum mechanics but also revisits and resolves a historic scientific rivalry.” (ScitechDaily, MIT Just Proved Einstein Wrong in the Most Famous Quantum Experiment)

The photon can have two states. That we can see. Those two states are wave and particle states. And if we follow the path that Niels Bohr introduced, we cannot see those states simultaneously. We can see a wave, or a particle form in a photon. And those states are always separated. But then we can think that when a photon’s state transforms from the particle to the wave, the photon stretches. That means the photon turns longer. So there should be a medium between those states. But we cannot see that medium. Or Scrödinger’s cat state in photons. That means there is a possibility that the photon goes through that state so fast. That we cannot see that state. Or maybe a photon does not have that medium state. But there is no sense in that possibility. We all know that when a particle, or substance, travels from one extreme state to another extreme state, that transformation must happen through the medium state. The medium state is Schrödinger’s cat state. 

Therefore, for example, a photon should have a state that is both a wave and a particle. But that state is not seen. Another thing is something more incredible. Could the photon be flat? Is it possible that a photon is somehow a flat, donut-looking structure? When researchers stop the photon. That stopped photon should release its energy and turn into a wave movement. But the photon’s particle form remains. That means there should be some internal movement in that particle. Is it possible that a photon is a group of string-shaped waves that form a particle called a photon? When we say that a photon has no time, we are right and wrong. A photon travels at the speed of light. And that means time should be stopped there, but then we can rethink that thing. 

Time is stopped on a photon, but a photon is bound in the universe’s existence. If the universe exists, the photon should take the wave form. But otherwise, it could keep its particle form. If we think that electromagnetic shadow behind the photon pulls it to a straight form, that means it could mean that when the quantum fields turn weaker. The electromagnetic shadow. Or electromagnetic low-pressure will not form behind the photon. And in that case, the photon could also keep its particle form. And that causes an idea: can there be a state of space where there is no cosmic speed limits? When a photon changes its state from a particle to a wave. It turns longer. 

Or stretches to form that looks like spaghetti. In that case, the nose of that spaghetti-shaped particle takes energy into that particle. When a particle travels in a quantum field, it makes a similar shockwave or cone around it like a supersonic aircraft. And there is quantum low-pressure between that cone and the particle. So energy travels to space between that shockwave and the particle. Because the area that delivers energy is larger than the nose, this causes the situation. The particle starts to deliver more energy than it gets. And in that case, the acceleration stops. Acceleration can continue until the particle starts to deliver as much energy as it gets from the environment. Quantum gravity means the particle binds quantum fields into it and turns those fields into kinetic energy. When the field grips the particle. 

Outside field comes to that point. At the same time, the field transports other particles closer to that particle. The photon has no weight or mass because it cannot bind quantum fields to it. Or it releases as much energy as it gets. That means. The photon has energy stability. When quantum fields turn weaker, the speed of light rises. But the reason why we cannot see that thing is that. When we are in the middle of the quantum systems, we cannot observe their changes as we should. We could make measurements only if we were outside the system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-just-proved-einstein-wrong-in-the-most-famous-quantum-experiment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle

The quantum noise and the holographic universe principle.

"Scientists are pushing the limits of physics by testing a bold theory called the holographic principle, which might help unify quantum mechanics and general relativity. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Is the Universe a Hologram? Schrödinger’s 100-Year-Old Equation Still Holds the Key)

The holographic principle also means that 3D reality is derived from the 2D universe or the second dimension. That model means. The hologram forms. When the material falls from the 4th dimension. 

This model requires 4D spacetime to work perfectly. The second dimension is the energy level below the third dimension. The fourth dimension is the energy level above the third dimension. Normally we cannot see the second dimension. 

Because energy travels to that lower energy level. 

Through the black holes. The idea is that the information can jump out from the second dimension. The scattering effect from the superstrings makes that hologram possible. 

Ewin Schrödinger introduced this idea originally. This is the same man, who introduced the model of the cat that exists and doesn't exist. The holographic principle should bring quantum physics, quantum mechanics, and Einstein's equations closer together. 

Schrödinger's idea of the holographic universe brings one of the most interesting things in front of our eyes. That idea is that the photons and superstrings are forming all particles. That means we can transform all particles and waves into 2D form if we just pull energy out from the particle. 

That makes particles flat, and flat particles don't have time in the form we know that thing. Because a flat particle is like a plate it can spin like a 3D particle. In that model, we cannot see that 2D particle because energy travels, or falls against it. While that plate spins. It conducts energy to its edge. That plate, or 2D particle aims energy to its side and that energy cannot break through the higher energy level. 

"Quantum Physics Mirror Theory Concept"

"A clever mirror trick lets researchers cancel out quantum disturbances, paving the way for bigger quantum experiments and ultra-sensitive sensors. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Noise? Vanished – Inside the Mirror Experiment Rewriting Physics)

That means, a particle gets its information back from reflection. When a particle sends information to the mirror, it sends part of it into the mirror. When information reflects back, the particle gets its energy back. When outside information (radiation or wave movement) crosses that bridge that turns information into chaos. The effect is the same as in the cases where two air flows cross each other. That causes turbulence in the system. 

"Physicists have discovered that placing a particle at the center of a mirror can silence quantum noise by making it indistinguishable from its reflection."  (ScitechDaily, Quantum Noise? Vanished – Inside the Mirror Experiment Rewriting Physics)

"An illustration showing a standing light wave reflected from a curved mirror with a spherical particle at the centre. A stream of information, represented by 0s and 1s, emerges from the system. Credit: Dr. James Bateman" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Noise? Vanished – Inside the Mirror Experiment Rewriting Physics)

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"Mirror, Mirror: Eliminating Quantum Disturbance

"Swansea University PhD student Rafal Gajewski, first author of the study, said: “Our work has shown that if you can create conditions where measurement becomes impossible, the disturbance disappears too.”

“Using a hemispherical mirror with the particle at its centre, we found that under specific conditions, the particle becomes identical to its mirror image. When this happens, you can’t extract position information from the scattered light, and at the same time, the quantum backaction vanishes.”

(ScitechDaily, Quantum Noise? Vanished – Inside the Mirror Experiment Rewriting Physics)

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When we think about nano- or quantum particles. We cannot look at those particles. Even if we look at them, they disturb those particles. Or, that disturbs the particle's interaction with its environment. The thing that makes the particle visible is the quantum noise. Quantum noise is radiation that reflects back to the observer. That reflection means. That there is a standing wave between the observer and the object. 

The Schrödinger's cat means a situation where the cat is alive and dead at the same time. That is the symbol of the object that is between two quantum states. Or in two quantum states at the same time. So, for perfect quantum teleportation, we should create teleportation between particles. That is the same time and does not exist. 

So what if we use the medium particle? The particle that we cannot see and affect straight. The effect happens through the other actor. The idea is similar to the situation. Which the person talks about Schrödinger's cat. The knowledge of the cat makes it alive or existent. That disturbs the cat. 

And then the person who talks about Schrödinger's cat. That person can say that there are cats, alive or there is an animal alive. That way spreads the "energy of information" into the larger group. If the person mentions that Scrödinger's cat is alive. That means the information targets one single individual. That increases its energy level because the entire power hits that single cat. If the information spreads its energy to a larger group. The effect is smoother because there is less energy for all targets. 

"The illustration demonstrates the way of thinking of the entropic gravity, holographic principle, entropy distribution, and derivation of Einstein General Relativity equations from these considerations. The Einstein equation takes the form of the first law of thermodynamics when Bekenstein and Hawking equations are applied." (Wikipedia, Holographic principle) 

This image can explain why we cannot see black holes. The black holes press information so close to each other that information lines close to each other. So information turns identical to its mirror information. The problem is that the black hole is the ball-shaped mirror. That means the mirror and counter mirror change their place depending on the position where the observer stands. It’s hard to model that situation. But energy fields around black holes or at the position of the event horizon. The black hole’s internal structures act like the particles in the middle of the spherical mirror. 

So, if we want to make quantum machines we must not talk about the object we must not think about the object.

And we must not look at the object. That disturbs the energy flow from the particles. Knowledge of the existence of the object makes the object alive. That knowledge disturbs information flow from that object. And that causes catastrophe. When we know the existence of the object. That means that we interact with the object. Or we can't interact with it. We interact with it if we want to or not. 

When we think about things the particle's existence means that we can measure the particle. And that measurement is the thing. That destroys the quantum connection. So if we remove the reflection that thing removes quantum noise, and everything turns easier. The reflection or quantum noise is information that goes out from a particle. Every time. When a particle sends information it loses a little bit of its mass. 

There is the possibility that the particle turns part of its mirror image. Or rather we can think that if the particle is "only" one form of wave movement that particle turns into a harmonic part of the wave movement. In that case, the outside waves will take the particle's shell with them. The particle's shell and waves have the same rhythm. The particle's shell waves are nicely in the outside waves. 

The particles turn into part of the waves. That makes it impossible to see it. The superstring model allows particles to travel in the wave movement tunnels. Those tunnels refuse to see them from outside. That idea of harmonic particles, entities, and wave movement along with the multiverse theory that there are lots of structures in the universe that we cannot see. The black hole is black because we cannot get a reflection from that object. 

If we can't get reflection we cannot get information from the object. Without quantum noise, the object is invisible to the observer. One of the reasons why the universe is black is simple. We just can't get information. From those black points. 

Or we can get a piece of information from IR, X-ray, gamma-ray, and gravity wave frequency. But we cannot see that information without special equipment.

https://scitechdaily.com/is-the-universe-a-hologram-schrodingers-100-year-old-equation-still-holds-the-key/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-noise-vanished-inside-the-mirror-experiment-rewriting-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holographic_principle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat

Schrödinger's cat is hotter than ever.

"Quantum scientists have shown it’s possible to generate Schrödinger cat states in warmer conditions, challenging the assumption that cold is essential for quantum effects. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Alive, Dead, and Hot: Schrödinger’s Cat Defies the Rules of Quantum Physics)

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment about a cat. That is at the same time. Alive and dead. That means. The cat has two states. Things like qubits base are in Scrödinger's cat. And theoretical Majorana-fermion would be the Schrödinger's cat particle. 

The Majorana-fermion would be the physical particle that has a particle and antiparticle in the same particle. The Majorana Bound-state (Majorana Zero Mode) is the quasiparticle and a hypothetical Majorana fermion would be like a quark or electron that involves its antiparticle. 

In quantum computing, dead cat means qubit that doesn't carry information and alive cat means qubit that carries information. Or the dead cat means zero and the living cat means one. But the Schrödinger's state has many other interesting meanings. 

In physics Schrödinger's cat means superposition or quantum system that is simultaneously in the low and high energy minimum. A system that involves minimum. And maximum energy states at the same time. Is always interesting. 

The minimum energy states in the same system mean that if there is an energy impulse that hits the particle there is an energy pocket where that energy can go. In the same way, if Schrödinger's cat is the real cat we cannot destroy that cat, because there is an energy pocket where energy can go. 

The new observations tell us that Schrödinger's cat state is possible even if the system is adjusted into a "hot state". The temperature record in Scrödinger's cat state is 1,8K which is very hot in this case, that temperature limit has been 0,3K. That means Schrödinger's cat state is possible even if the system involves energy excitement. Before that researchers thought that they must remove energy excitement from the system. 

"In Erwin Schrödinger’s thought experiment, it is a cat that is alive and dead at the same time. Credit: University of Innsbruck/Harald Ritsch" (ScitechDaily, Alive, Dead, and Hot: Schrödinger’s Cat Defies the Rules of Quantum Physics)

Theoretically, teleportation is easy to make. The system must only make a quantum tunnel between particles. And if particles are superpositioned and entangled. An energy impulse will come behind the higher energy particle that pushes the particle to the lower energy state particle. The higher energy particle sends an energy string to the lower energy participant of the quantum entanglement. 

Information travels to lower energy particles. It's possible to teleport information. Theoretically, the same idea can be used to teleport more complex quantum systems. But the problem is this. For teleportation, the system must make a superposition end entanglement for every single particle. 

Then it must keep those particles in the right order. So the quantum channel. There that information travels must be tight. The universe's expansion causes the quantum channel to expand. That expansion forms space and that space increases entropy. Entropy is the thing that makes teleportation so difficult. 

Schrödinger's state is one of the things that makes, or it should make teleportation possible. The idea is that if there are two identical elementary particle clouds there another is in an extremely low energy state that causes an effect the lower energy particles just suck higher energy particles through the quantum channels or "shadows" to them. The problem with a complex system teleportation is that those systems must be perfectly superpositioned. 

That means that fermions and also bosons must all be put into superposition. Then they must travel to the right places. The thing that makes that very difficult is that the information must travel through the quantum fields. Those fields cause entropy that destroys the system. The problem is that successful teleportation requires. The system can transport particles, fermions, and bosons to the goal and keep them in their original places. 

https://scitechdaily.com/alive-dead-and-hot-schrodingers-cat-defies-the-rules-of-quantum-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger%27s_cat

What mean, that the cat is dead or the cat is alive?

Schrödinger's cat is the thinking experiment that can introduce the imperfectness of quantum mechanics when we are transferring from the atomic level to microscopic systems. The problem is that we know that some of our observations are wrong. When we boil water we know that water is vaporizing. And sooner or later the dish is empty. We might ask where water is? We know that the water molecules or hydrogen and oxygen atoms that formed those molecules still exist. 

The idea is that in quantum mechanics the particle can at the same time exist and not exist. Wave-particle duality means that even if annihilation turns the entire particle to wave movement that wave movement can turn back to that particle. So if we want to connect Schrödinger's cat with the particle-wave duality. It means when annihilation turns particle to wave movement it is not lost. It just changed its form. 

Schrödinger's can is the cat that is at the same time alive and dead. The problem with the quantum mechanic theory is that it's too absolute. The material is or material does not exist. The problem with too absolute theories is. They don't take into account transformation. When we are boiling water that thing seems to vanish, but we know it just turns its form. That means water molecules exist. But we can use them for nothing. So water that was in the dish existed. But that water lost its meaning to us. 

In quantum theory, the cat can be at the same time dead and alive. And that thing is determined as Schrödinger's cat. That the most famous cat in the world is the model of superposition. Term superposition means the material like particle or particle group can be at the same time at two different positions. The position can be in energy, it can be in space or place, or it can be in time. 

The position can mean that the particle is in two locations but the particle can also have an internal energy state. That does not affect its core. Or the superposition can mean that the oscillation of two particles or particle groups would synchronize and that thing makes those particles are like the same particles. 

Because elementary particles, like electrons or photons, oscillate at the same frequency they are like the same particle. When they are under stress by radiation they turn to the same particle. In quantum teleportation, the radiation is connecting two particles.

And when another side of that thing is moving. Also, another part of the particle pair is moving. The superpositioned and entangled particles are connected by the "stick" of radiation. There is no limit in the length of superposition and superpositioned and entangled particles can use to make the real-time communication to another star. That thing is called quantum teleportation. 

But when we are thinking about things like are cats dead or are they alive. We can also determine the words "Alive" and "dead" by using some other terms. At that moment we can replace the word "alive " by using the word "thing that means something to us". And word "dead" means that the thing means nothing to us. 

Let's take one example. What if the cat carries a USB stick that involves some important information? So if that USB stick is put to the collar? And the cat lost that thing, the cat means nothing for that mission. That means from the point of view that cat is dead. Of course, it can be cute or a nice pet. But that cat has no information it has nothing to do with its mission and its dead. 

But let's think otherwise. The cat can die and there is no collar. But there is the possibility that the USB stick is surgically installed in its body. So the cat still means something for the mission. It still can carry important information even if it's dead. So that means the cat can be alive and carry data that has a purpose even if it's dead for somebody else. At the end of this text, I must ask: "why Schrödinger didn't use water and dish in this example"?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat

An example of the creature. That is at the same time living and dead.

Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead. This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality resolves into one possibility or the other. (Wikipedia/Schrödinger's cat)

(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat)

This is philosophical thinking about topics: Could Schrödinger's cat exist somewhere else than just in the quantum world?

The Schrödingers cat is an example of the superposition. The case where the cat is living can transfer to qubit to the case where qubit transmits data. And the cat is dead when the data is gone. There have been made many examples of cases where people can create physical conditions of the Schrödinger's cat. In those examples, the cat is closed in the cube and if somebody touches it the cat would die. Same way qubit loses its data if somebody touches it. 

But can living creatures get the Schrödinger-position? One of those creatures that can be same time dead and alive is a vampire. If the vampire is getting radiation it would burn to ash. So we can say that the vampire of the stories is the so-called Schrödinger-creature. And that means the vampire of the stories is between dead and alive. 

So the Scrödinger creature is the creature that is between death and living. The idea for Scrödinger's creature is taken from the vampire stories.  But one of the most interesting examples about the Schrödinger-creature is the hypothetical scientist who wants to live forever. The next writing is the hypothetical creature that is like Schrödingers cat. 

For making that thing our mad scientist would destroy mitochondria and the DNA from the cells. And then the needed brain chemicals would be injected into the body of that scientist. 

Then our hypothetical person would go in the chamber where is physically and chemically stable conditions. And then that creature would get the energy for the nervous system from outside. So if that imaginational person would make that thing the lifetime would increase because cells don't need nutrients for energy production because that thing would come outside from the body.

The thing is that this kind of creature would not ever walk anywhere because that thing cannot lose a single cell. The renewing of the cells is not possible. And without genetic material and mitochondria that organism would be connected to the room forever. And one single bacteria can be devastating. Because that creature has no immune system even the one bacteria can destroy the entire body. 

So that creature would be the Schrödinger-creature. The creature would be dead to other people. That creature would be in the example of the creature that is living in the chamber unable to go out. Maybe that creature would have robots to operate for it. But otherwise, that kind of creature would live in the chamber, and we cannot be sure if that thing is dead or alive.