Researchers found the universe's missing material.

"An artist's impression of the Milky Way's hydrogen halo, with the Magellanic Clouds at eight o'clock. (NASA/CXC/M.Weiss; NASA/CXC/Ohio State/A. Gupta et al) (ScienceAlert, Half The Universe's Matter Was Missing. Astronomers Just Found It.)

"A new analysis of the sky has finally confirmed where the missing half of the Universe's visible matter has been hiding." (ScienceAlert, Half The Universe's Matter Was Missing. Astronomers Just Found It.)

"In the space around galaxies, it lurks as huge, invisible clouds of ionized hydrogen. Normally, this would be impossible to see – but a large international team of astronomers and astrophysicists has developed a technique that reveals its hiding places, out there in the darkness amidst the stars." (ScienceAlert, Half The Universe's Matter Was Missing. Astronomers Just Found It.)

The galaxy's hydrogen halo can be far bigger than the galaxy itself. There is lots of material in it. 

Half of the universe's material is somewhere, and now researchers found it. That matter is ionized hydrogen around galaxies. The ionized hydrogen around galaxies can be ionic. Or in some cases an anion type. As we know. That the hydrogen ion is a proton. That lost its electron. Radiation from galaxies can shoot electrons away from a proton's orbiter. 

There is also the possibility that radiation can push the proton and increase its energy level. That makes it possible that two (or maybe more)electrons can orbit the proton. The ion where atoms lose one or more electrons is a more common form than the anion. 

The matter around galaxies can hide because the shine of galaxies and quasars is so bright. The radiation that comes from galaxies and quasars reflects from those protons. In normal cases, the radiation reflects from the atom. That is far larger than a proton. 

When the particle receives radiation, its energy level rises until it turns higher than its environment. In that case, energy starts to flow away from the proton. The proton sends radiation in a wavelength that is the same as its size. Same way. Protonic radiation is the reflection radiation. Neutron radiation is radiation that comes or reflects from neutrons. In neutron bombs small hydrogen bomb sends radiation into neutrons. 

Then that radiation reflects out from the neutron. That forms very shortwave and penetrating radiation. The same thing happens to protons that receive radiation from galaxies. Proton takes radiation into its quantum field. When the proton's energy level rises higher level than incoming radiation it sends that radiation as a reflection. 

It's possible that. In some cases radiation. That the proton reflects can travel past the particle. In some very extreme models the weakly interacting massive particle, WIMP is so small particle. Or its shape is so different that radiation slides over it without affecting its quantum field. Or maybe the quantum field that surrounds the WIMP will not send so strong reflection that astronomers can separate the reflection from the background. 

The proton sends radiation whose wavelength is shorter than the hydrogen. This makes that reflection radiation harder to see than the reflection that comes from hydrogen. 

When we think about the black hole's interactions between material the material that is locked to the point of the event horizon transports energy out from the black hole. When a black hole's spin accelerates it pulls energy inside it. The black hole ties energy from around it and then transforms it into kinetic energy. 

When a black hole's spin speed decreases that means the black hole releases its energy. The black hole's spin speed cannot change. 

If it cannot release or bind energy inside it. When a black hole releases its energy. That slows its speed. 

There is also the possibility that sometimes a black hole that pulls material inside it loses its contact with quantum fields and its material disk. In that case, the black hole sends gravitational waves and probably Hawking radiation. In the real universe, some particles might have a higher energy state than others. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/half-the-universes-matter-was-missing-astronomers-just-found-it

The major problem with fusion experiments is, how to make plasma stay in its form.

The problem with fusion reaction is that the high-energy plasma will not keep its form. So when the energy pump to fusion ends the energy that comes inside will break the plasma. So what if the opposite polar particles will shoot at that plasma ball? 

That thing makes it possible that the fusion reaction begins from the plasma ball's core. The shockwave would travel inside that plasma ball. In regular cases, fusion starts from the middle of the fusion material. And that shockwave destroys the plasma ball. 

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The "cannon device" ion-anion collider where opposite polar particles will shoot against each other could be suitable for some kind of fusion system. 

In some cases, researchers introduced to use of some kind of "cannon device" for solving problems of the fusion reactor. This kind of cannon device is quite a simple system. 

Two linear particle accelerators are shooting opposite polar particles against each other. That thing will collide with anions and ions together. And that kind of system is easier to create than Tokamak-type reactors. 

The system could use lithium ions and chloride anions. But the problem is that the system must create enough energy for a self-sustaining fusion reaction. Otherwise, an ion-anion collider would be suitable for the fusion system. 

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So, when the electromagnetic radiation starts to grow temperature of the plasma causes a situation where the plasma particles start to repel each other. When the fusion ignition happens the energy that fusion forms break the plasma structure. 

In the case where fusion ignites the fusion material makes flash. It sends electromagnetic radiation around it. And that causes the electromagnetic vacuum, which pulls particles away from the plasma ball. In that case, electromagnetic overpressure breaks the structure. 

The plasma that is used in fusion experiments is monopolar. This means the electromagnetic force will push those particles away from each other. And the magnetic field that has the same polarity must push that plasma in one entirety. When the fusion ignites the energy level of the magnetic field that presses the particles must be higher than plasma. That helps to keep plasma in its form. 

The problem is that the fusion starts in the middle of the plasma.  where it starts the shockwave through that material. If the fusion can begin in the core of the plasma ball the impact wave would travel inside it. 

So the answer to the problems of the fusion could be that the opposite polar particles would shoot at that plasma ball. That can begin the fusion reaction at the core of the plasma ball. 

In that case, the magnets should press that plasma harder than the energy that forms in fusion pushes particles. If that thing is done there is the possibility to create a self-sustaining fusion reaction. 

Image and sources: 

https://scitechdaily.com/mit-contributes-to-success-of-historic-fusion-ignition-experiment/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The shape of the fusion reactor meant something.

Image 1)

When we are thinking about ion fusion, where ions with plus and minus polarities are impacting together, we must realize that there is one problem. If all ions have the same polarity. They are repelling each other. So the magnetic field must push those ions together. And then an ignition laser will pull those ions together. If we will inject the different polar ions into the Tokamak reactor that magnetic field will pull another ion cloud to the walls of the accelerators. 

The system can use a similar structure to NIF (National Ignition Facility). In the middle of the ball, the system sprays a cloud of positive ions. Then magnets start to press that positive ion cloud. And after that, the negative ions will shoot to that chamber by using a particle accelerator. The beam of negative ions will impact that glimpse of positive ions. And the laser rays will increase the energy of that system until fusion starts. 

The Images in the diagram above are

1) Traditional Tokamak

2) Tokamak includes two acceleration lines. The system will impact positive and negative ion beams at the crossing point. 

3) NIF-type or ball-shaped reactor. The cloud of positive ions will press together by using a positive magnetic field. Then negative ions will inject into the ball and they impact with positive ions. 

4) Ball-shaped chamber. Positive and negative ions will be driven to the chamber from opposite directions.

5) The linear accelerator where negative and positive ions are shot to impact tracks. 

Or we can use another structure. There is the possibility that using accelerators that are making ion beams cross each other allows the ion beams that have different polarity can impact each other. In that case, the ions that have different polarity pull each other to impact course. 

In another version, the system uses two linear accelerators. The accelerators or ion cannons are shooting ions in the fusion chamber from both sides of the chamber. The reaction chamber itself would be neutral. And particle accelerators shoot those plus and minus ions to that chamber. The laser rays or some other electromagnetic radiation can increase the temperature of that fusion system. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60312633

https://scitechdaily.com/nuclear-fusion-energy-breakthrough-ignition-confirmed-in-record-1-3-megajoule-shot/

Image: 1)https://scitechdaily.com/images/Tokamak-Components.jpg

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

Material transfer by using ionic mode (Playing with ions)

(Picture I)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Dimension manipulation is the most fascinating thing in the world if it works. In this hypothetical test, we would create the situation, that object would just pass the wall or some other material. This is those could be possible in theory, and if this feels something boring or complicated, I understand that. In the real world, we must keep our mind open to new ideas, and we cannot deny any question or hypothesis without making any tests about those things.


When we are thinking about the radio, the thing that somebody could send messages felt pure fiction, until inventor named Guglielmo Marconi invented the way to transfer messages thru the air by using Morse-alphabet. After that, somebody installed microphone to the radio, and it can send voice thru the air. And then some inventor invented that the radio could control the magnets around cathode tube, what made television possible.


Then somebody installed cathode tube to the radio, and the television was made, and first TV-broadcasts made sad but true in Berlin Olympics in 1936. The last invention is to sending data thru the air, and that allows to broadcast films or pictures thru the air, and also interactive communication across the air is possible.  And then we might think that maybe someday, we could send people across the air or space by using technology, where the ions of the body would be ionized, and after that, the ionization would be removed. After that the person would return to the form and be transferring three atoms in the distance of three meters by using teleportation is not actually same as transferring all human body in distance of kilometers. So if something works in the laboratory, there would be long distance to the solution, what can be used in everyday life.


And this writing is meant for pure theoretical thoughts, but if it would work, that could make the material transfer system, that is shown in Star Trek movies possible. The problem with this system would be the returning the object in the original form. But as we know the problem is not ionizing object, that is what we can do straight away. But when we would shoot the object to target we cannot return it to original form. In theoretical teleportation machine, those ions would be sucked in the atom size black hole, what would send the object to the other point of singularity.


This other singularity can be made in the atmosphere by pumping energy in the certain point of the space, and then the singularity would send that ion cloud to that other point. Or they can use ion cannon, but the problem is to stop those ions in the particular place, but that problem can be solved, in theory of course, by using magnets what would pull the ions in the right moments backward. The problem is to save the form of the object. And this technology is at the theoretical level. The only couple of atoms were transferred across the air, by using magnet field.


If we someday can make the ionization by that way, that the atoms would stay in original form, and then we could remove the ionization, could be possible to make the "Captain Kirk's material transfer machine".   There is another pure theoretical way to make the situation, that object can pass the walls or other material, and it would be ionizing the body of that object. When we are thinking the situation that as an example the atoms in the human body would be ionized, the person might able to walk thru the wall, because ions have one very interesting feature.


They can pass any wall by pulling the atoms away from them, and in theory would be possible to ionize the person's body and then those atoms would make this person the man-made ghost.  And please don't do this at home, because electricity is very dangerous. There are very many so-called "mad scientists" who have made that kind of experiments, and some of them are caught very serious injuries in those experiments.


The man-made ghost has the theoretical background, that the distance between atoms of the body of the object would be increasing, and same way those atoms would be ionized. This would give change to shoot them by the ion cannon, and when they are in some area, the ionization would be removed from those atoms, and then the object would take the same form, what it got before transferring. And this means that this kind of things is only pure fiction. But imagination is the very good thing for people and without imagination, we cannot make new things. Yesterday's Science fiction is the reality of tomorrow.

Sources:

http://www.tvhistory.tv/1936%20German%20Olympics%20TV%20Program.htm

http://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/inventions/teleportation-is-possible-but-how-long-will-it-be-until-humans-can-use-the-technology/news-story/e7a972890365f35d1e1cc4129dfcc1eb

http://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/scientists-teleport-an-object-to-space-for-the-first-time-ever

https://www.nature.com/news/quantum-teleportation-is-even-weirder-than-you-think-1.22321

https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/659416/Scientists-make-TELEPORTATION-breakthrough-thanks-to-inspiring-Star-Trek

Picture I

https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/img/dynamic/151/590x/teleporting-659416.jpg

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/material-transfer-by-using-ionic-mode.html