How many universes exist?

Image 1. Cosmic microwave background

The fact is that we know only one universe. That only confirmed universe is the universe where our species lives. And there is the possibility that there are other universes. That means those other universes might look similar to our universe. But there is the possibility that the another is forming of antimatter. 

In the antimaterial universe, time moves as it moves in our universe. But the material of that universe is antimatter. And if we would go to that universe that causes the destruction. The fact is that another universe might remain in theory. 

If we want to make observations of those things. We should travel outside our universe for confirming that some radiation will come from another universe. When we are writing and talking about the other universes we are testing the limits of science. And where science ends the hypothesis starts. 

A brief history from the Messier List, to multiverse theory.

About 100 years ago we knew only one galaxy, and that galaxy is the Milky Way. Of course, things like Andromeda Galaxy were well-known as a nebula. 

But people believed that all other galaxies were orbiting the Milky Way and the center of that galaxy was the center of the universe. In the 18th century, The French astronomer Charles Messier (1730-1817) made a list of nebula objects, and that Messier list was published in 1774. In that list. The Andromeda Galaxy is number M31 and M is for Messier. 

But in 1926 Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) showed that the Milky Way is just one galaxy in a group of other galaxies. And that point was the separation of cosmology and astronomy. After Hubble died better equipment is uncovered new and fascinating structures in the universe. Researchers found black holes in the 1990s, and the confirmation of dark energy is opening new visions for cosmology. 

The largest known structure in the universe is the cosmic radiation background. The cosmic radiation background comes from the particles that are sending that radiation. The size of the particles determines the wavelength of that radiation. So the source of the cosmic microwave background is in the micrometer-size particles. The reason for the radiation is the expansion of the universe. 

Light pollution makes it impossible to see other universes. 

This cosmic background might just cover the radiation of the other universes below it. Just like if we would travel on the foggy road where is bright streetlights. Those streetlights are covering the stars. When we are looking at image 2, we see how difficult is to see stars on foggy evenings in bright streetlights. 

The cosmos is a foggy and bright place. And that thing makes it impossible to see other universes. The stars, as well as the galaxies, are covered by plasma clouds. That covers the distant details under them. The size of that plasma could be billions of light-years and they cover those other universes under them. 

The expansion causes the energy level in the universe to decrease all the time. And the pressure of the quantum field that surrounds all particles in the universe will decrease. That causes expansion of the quantum field. 

Image 2

And because the material is at a higher energy level than the universe around it energy travels to the area that is at the lower energy level. That transfer of energy continues until the energy level in particles is the same as the space around it. 

This energy flow causes the material is getting old. And it pushes the edge of the universe away from the point where the Big Bang happened. So the expansion of the universe continues as long as there is material in the universe. Or the energy flow turns so weak that the gravitation wins. 

The possibility that time moves backward in some other universe requires that energy travels to the center of that universe. In that hypothetical universe, the negative energy or energy that travels in the middle of the universe causes that material cannot old. The material will get always new energy. And that will deny that the material turns to wave movement.

Quantum mechanics can boost cosmology.

Also, the ability to connect things like quantum mechanics and quantum gravitation in large-scale structures is opening new visions for the research and knowledge of the universe. But how many universes exist? The fact is that if there are other universes. The starlight of our universe will cover the light that comes from the other universes. 

The thing that covers the existence of the other universes is the cold areas in the cosmic background. Those holes are forming only when high-energy radiation pushes particles away from each other. The thing is that other universes are the next logical step in the findings of the new structures in the universe. 

https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-object-list/

https://www.technopython.com/2021/10/the-multiverse-theory.html

https://www.universetoday.com/77523/multiverse/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Messier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_object

In the multiverse theory, the key is can other universes exist?

The theory of other universes and universes before our universe might seem very extraordinary. But the universe before our universe explains the origin of the material.  And other universes could be natural things. The universe is the bubble that formed in the Big Bang. 

And the key element of the multiverse theory is. That there are other big bangs in the empty dimension. The blue points or cold points in the cosmic microwave background are telling. Maybe there is some energy source outside the universe that blown material away from those blue areas. 

The question is can those things exist? The answer is this: nothing denies the existence of those things. 

The thing, about the "evidence" about the universe before our universe, is only the ghost. The thing that makes the other universe before our universe comfortable. Is that the past universe that faced the Big Crunch and then reformed our universe as the Big Bang is the easiest explanation for the question "where the material that was released during the Big Bang came from"? 

That is the key question in cosmology.  But then somebody asks where that past universe got its material. And that thing only transfers that question to the next universe. The thing is that the Big Bang is a very mysterious thing because the material cannot come from emptiness. 

But what is outside our universe? The fact is that people suspect that there is a great emptiness. The area where is no quantum fields. But there is wave movement. The origin of the wave movement is our universe. Sometimes somebody asks "does the universe expands faster than light?". If we are thinking about the limits of the universe. 

Is the distance of two first photons released from the Big Bang that thing is true. Those two first photons are traveling ahead of the universe. And there are no quantum fields outside the universe that can slow the speed of particles. That means the universe is in the middle of a giant WARP bubble. 

Outside the edge of the universe is the area where wave movement is traveling only to one direction. That direction is away from the universe. So what happens if we would step out from the universe? There is total emptiness outside the bubble where the entire material is. That causes energy starts to flow out from the material. And there is no replacing energy in that area. 

If we are thinking of the multiverse theory there is the energy and quantum vacuum outside our universe anyway. The thing why cosmologists are interesting in the world outside the universe. Is that it could prove the existence of other universes. 

We cannot see other universes because galaxies and stars along with galactic halos are too bright. They cover the light that comes from the other universes if they exist. 

As I just wrote the wave movement travels one way outside the universe. That direction is outside the universe. Which is the source of wave movement.

 So if there is another universe. There is also wave movement that is traveling in a different direction than the wave movement that source is in our universe. But the problem is that wave movement travels faster outside our universe than it travels in our universe. And that thing makes those observations very complicated. If we want to make observations about the light that travels outside our universe.

We must realize that the photon or wave movement is traveling outside the universe and its source is in our universe. We cannot see that photon because we are behind it. The thing that can prove the existence of other universes would be the photon which is comping to us from outside the universe. But proving the origin of the photon is difficult. 

The missing puzzle of material can be dark energy.

 The missing puzzle of material can be dark energy.

The Cosmic Microwave Background as seen from the Planck satellite. Credit: ESA https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2013/03/Planck_CMB (Wikipedia, Cosmic microwave background) 

The source of the part of dark energy can be inside the black holes.

Black holes are the most incredible objects in the universe. Even light cannot escape from that monster. And that makes it impossible to get direct observations from that object. The only thing that makes black holes visible is X- or gamma-ray radiation.

But the black holes also send radiation. The material and energy that the black holes pull in them. Cause that the singularity o the event horizon of those things is oscillating. 

Hawking radiation can be the key to dark energy. 

There is Hawking radiation that is suspected of being emission radiation. That thing means there is some other radiation that heats the matter around black holes. 

The black holes are pulling even wave movement inside them. So the dark energy must be the wave movement. And near black holes, the wave movements of visible and dark energy are in extremely dense condition. 

In those extreme conditions. Near the event horizon. Is possible that dark energy interacts with visible energy. But there is the possibility that part of the radiation that causes Hawking's radiation is coming from the oscillation of the black holes. 

If that radiation's source is in the oscillation of the event horizon. That means every single black hole is sending the radiation. That has a unique wavelength. 

If the diameter of the black hole is 44 000 000 kilometers the wavelength of the radiation that the black hole sends would be 44000000 kilometers. (The radius of Sagittarius A is 22 000 000 km. So it sends radiation which wavelength is 44 000 000 km). 

And that explains why we cannot receive that radiation. We don't have an antenna which length is 44000 000 km. And that means the radiation is invisible to us. If the black hole's diameter is 3 000 000 km that black hole sends the wave movement that wavelength is 3 000 000 km. 

So black holes are acting like some extremely large elementary particles. And their event horizon is always oscillating. That oscillation sends radiation which wavelength is the same as the diameter of the black holes. 

So as an example, the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A in our galaxy Milky Way sends the radiation which wavelength is the same as the diameter of the Sagittarius A. And that black hole origin radiation has a unique wavelength that depends on the size of the black hole. That thing means that the dark energy could be wave movement. Which wavelength is extremely long. 

And that wavelength is unique for each black hole. And that could explain. What is a source of dark energy? Or at least part of it. Every particle in the universe is sending radiation with its diameter. And that means every black hole is sending radiation with its unique wavelength that is the same as the diameter of the event horizon. 

Are the black holes the same as dark matter? And why does somebody believes that dark energy is the wave movement between particle of dark matter? 

But when somebody is talking that dark matter is black holes they might not be quite right. They might be almost right. That means there might be hiding black holes in the universe that are sending so weak radiation that those X- or gamma-ray impulses are sinking in other radiation. That means part of the dark matter can simply hide in black holes. Which weight is higher than we thought. And maybe black holes are a more common phenomenon than nobody thought. 

That means part of the dark matter can explain. By those "sleeping black holes". And another thing is: gravitation is the only known interaction between visible and dark matter. 

So, dark matter can also form black holes. That means the natural explanation for dark energy is that is the wave movement. And the source of that dark wave movement is dark matter.

What is the final particle?

What is the final particle? Is that particle the thing that makes quarks form protons and neutrons? Protons and neutrons are hadronic particles like mesons. But what makes protons and neutrons stable? And mesons are not stable. The fact is that protons and neutrons are not lasting forever. And that means there are no stable particles in the universe. Even electrons and quarks are turning wave movement. 

So particles are not forever and the only thing that is forever is wave movement. Or, finally, the wave movement is also turning straight. And we can discuss is anything lasting forever in the universe. Maybe wave movement to straight superstrings that are the final form of energy and material. But that thing is pure theory. The theory of the forming of material is those superstrings are impacting. And they turn to a structure that looks like a yarn ball. And the name of that structure is quark. 

Is it possible that there are small mesons in the Fermion group of the Standard model? 

Or maybe quarks or some of the quarks are not elementary particles at all. So those yarn balls might be something that forms quarks. If the thing that at least some of quarks are not elementary particles is true that thing is one of the most fundamental things in physics. Today quarks are described as elementary particles in the Fermion group. 

But as you know that Standard model of physics requires adjustment. And there might be some other particles inside even the Higgs boson. Along with Muon G-2 anomaly and splitting photons. That thing makes me think that maybe some Fermions are also small mesons. Maybe there are lots of, yet unknown particles. And maybe even a photon is not an elementary particle. And if that is true it opens incredible visions to physics. 

The mystery of hadrons

The mythic graviton particle or the transportation particle of gravitation is searched inside hadrons. That particle is not found yet. And that causes suspicion that graviton is more the power field than the particle. One of the explanations for graviton could be that the graviton is a quantum-size black hole. But that is pure theory. 

The hadronic particles like protons and neutrons are the groups of sub-particles or elementary particles called quarks. Those particles are connected and between them are traveling particles called gluons. The question is, why those quarks are making stable connections? 

What is the final particle that collects those quarks together as one entirety? Hadrons act like some elementary particle. And that means the connection between those quarks is extremely strong. That interaction is called "strong nuclear force" or "strong interaction". 

There is the possibility that the "zero-point" energy keeps hadrons in one entirety. 

There is the possibility that inside those three quarks is the area there is no energy at all. That thing is called an energy vacuum. In that case, the energy vacuum causes that the energy is traveling to the energy vacuum. In that case, the outcoming energy is pressing the quantum field of the hadrons. 

The energy transfer to those quantum fields comes from the electron core. When outcoming radiation hits the electron cores or the most out the quantum field of atom that field will conduct that energy to the center of the atom. 

The iron ball does the same thing if there are targeted radio waves. The energy transfer between atoms and the environment is interaction. The expansion of the universe is the reason why atoms are not forever. 

The source of three-kelvin radiation is the material itself. Of course, some part of it is a remnant from the Big Bang. But also energy, that is flowing away from material takes part in that radiation. 

The effect of expansion is that atoms are turning more energetic according to the universe. And energy is always traveling from the higher energy areas to lower energy spaces. 

That quantum fields in the universe are turning weaker. That thing causes that also atoms are expanded because energy travels from higher energy atoms to lower energy space around them. That is the reason why there is so-called three-kelvin cosmic background radiation. 

The source of the three-kelvin radiation is in the material itself. When the energy level around atoms decreases. 

Those atoms are delivering extra energy in the form of photons and wave movement. That radiation is also expanding the universe itself. So that is one version of self-destruction. 

https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/d/Dark+Energy

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/black-holes-dark-matter/

https://muon-g-2.fnal.gov/

https://www.quantamagazine.org/black-holes-from-the-big-bang-could-be-the-dark-matter-20200923/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittarius_A*

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/