Is EM-drive joke or not?

Is the EM-drive some kind of weapon? That kind of electromagnetic loudspeaker can install on killer satellites. Which mission is to destroy communication or some other important support systems like positioning or recon satellites. The microwave can cause damages to the electronics of other satellites. 

The thing about EM drives is that they are all purely theoretical. And their thrust in sea level is less than one billionth of the regular rockets. They are all hypothetical systems if we are talking about wave-movement-based systems or so-called photon rockets. And their cousins microwave-based EM-drives. The photon rockets are researched from the 1970s and the idea is that only photons can reach the speed of light. 

The fact is that all engines that are introduced here are hypothetical or theoretical. And the photon or other  EM-drive would not ever operate in the atmosphere. The only operational area of those engines would be far away from the atmosphere. 

If we shoot photons in a WARP bubble. They would travel faster than other photons. Same way microwaves can cross the speed of light in WARP-bubble. 

The idea of the EM-drive like photon or microwave engines as the higher-than speed of light thrusters bases the idea of the shoot photons to the WARP bubble. In that case, the photons or microwaves that are traveling in WARP-bubble. Travel faster than the speed of light is outside the WARP bubble. 

A small WARP bubble might be created accidentally by researchers. There is the possibility create the electron-size WARP bubble. And then shooting photons through it. That thing makes it possible that photons travel short moments faster than light. 

The problem with photon rockets is a weak thrust and that system is useful only in the speed that is near the speed of light. The photon rockets are like the microwave engines systems that are planned to use in interstellar flights. So wave-movement-based EM-engines are not suitable even for interplanetary flight. There are three types of photon rockets planned in theoretical research. 

1) So-called non-coherent photon engine which uses the normal photons. That is the system that is normally called a photon rocket. The thrust for that engine can increase by using antimatter. In that case, the annihilation is creating the thrust and photons. That is needed in the last part of acceleration. 

2) The laser-beam or coherent photon engine. That engine uses laser rays. And it can give more thrust than a non-coherent photon engine. The lasers can also use to push things like solar sails. But in this text focus is on the laser engines, which laser is in the craft. 

That system would shoot laser rays. Through the rocket's reaction chamber. That system is planned to use with antimatter engines. The antimatter would react in the combustion chamber. 

That laser ray can use to increase the temperature in the combustion chamber. And it can use along with ion rockets. In that case, ions will travel through the ion accelerator and the laser will increase their energy level. 

And then the laser beam would give the last punch to craft. The laser beam can be used to vaporize some gas. And then it can use to travel between planets. But for interstellar flight, there is needed to use some other device like an antimatter engine. 

3) Microwave engines. Along with microwaves, the thrust of those systems is similar to some free photon engines. But microwaves can use to replace combustion in the combustion chamber. In that case, gas like liquid methane or hydrogen will give the thrust. The EM engine is normally useless. 

But if there is injected vaporizing material. The vaporized gas would give the thrust for that engine. The microwaves can also be used to vaporize silicon or some other solid material for use in ion engines. The ion engines would ionize that vapor and then it can be driven to the magnetic accelerator. 

Is EM engine some kind of microwave weapon? As I wrote at the beginning of this text? The microwave engine can also be a microwave weapon. If some killer satellite would be equipped with microwave cannon which is similar to the so-called EM-drive, that thing can damage the other satellites quite easily. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/no-warp-bubble/

https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/329631-scientists-havent-created-a-warp-bubble-but-theyre-a-bit-closer-to-testing-one

https://me.ign.com/en/tech/192998/news/scientists-take-a-step-towards-building-a-real-life-warp-drive-by-accident

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/warp/warp.html

https://www.space.com/can-emdrive-space-propulsion-concept-work

https://www.techtimes.com/articles/265295/20210912/nasa-warp-drive-explained.htm

https://www.techtimes.com/articles/269047/20211207/worlds-first-warp-bubble-discovered-serendipity-darpa-researchers-find-strange.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter_rocket

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam-powered_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EmDrive

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_propulsion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_photonic_rocket

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon_rocket

The link to PDF files of photon engine:

Image: https://www.businessinsider.com/rocket-lab-launches-photon-satellite-2020-9?r=US&IR=T

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

The "impossible motor" and what is so problematic with it?

"Project Pluto"
(Picture I)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

There would be no motor, what can work without propellant. There is little bit difference between fuel and propellant in rocket technology. Fuel is the thing, what gives power supply for those spacecraft, and propellant is the thing, what gives thrust for the rocket. In the case of electromagnetic or nuclear rockets is very important to separate terms propellant and fuel, because those motors don’t need fire for giving speed for those spacecraft.


The  so-called impossible motor is one part of so-called electric drive motors, what would use electromagnetic radiation for giving speed for spacecraft. I sometimes wonder, why that team uses microwaves because the radio frequency would be safer, and the system could be cooler. Those motors cannot even work in the atmosphere, because the full thrust force of the electromagnetic radiation is so small.  This motor uses electrons or radio-waves as a propellant, and that's why they would not break the laws of physics.



In some scenarios in the rockets, burning camper would create the electric arc, and hydrogen would drive thru it, and it would give very high speed for that rocket. But the pure electromagnetic rockets would use only the radiation, what gives the very high-speed impulse to back but the problem is very low thrust, what means that this rocket must shoot to space, by using conventional rockets, and then that spaceship would accelerate near the speed of light by using some other motor solutions.



So those rockets must launch to empty space that those motors can be work. Those electromagnetic motors are in theory use photons or radio waves to accelerate the spaceship to the speed of light. There are three types of electromagnetic rockets, what are planned. They are pure electromagnetic motors, what uses photons, radio- or microwaves to create the thrust. Another way is to anti-matter to create the thrust or third way is to use the magnetic field to accelerate the atomic particles. When the electromagnetic motor work, it actually needs fuel to create electricity for its transmitters. And when we are looking at that kind of motor, we can say that the thing, what gives thrust to the rocket is called as a propellant. So those motors actually use electrons or photons as a propellant.



There is one problem, and it is very low thrust, what means that the spacecraft must accelerate near the speed of light by using some other rocket systems like antimatter. That would give that rocket the speed, what is near the speed of light, and then the radio-motor would be started, and that would allow the spacecraft to fly to the speed of light. There is one version of those radio-motors what might have the capacity to fly in atmosphere. That motor is called as "electric arc jet motor". In this particular motor, the radio-waves are made for creating the electric arc in the tube, and that would replace burning in some very powerful engines. That motor would look similar, then what is created for "Project Pluto".



In that project , U.S Air Force created an idea of the nuclear jet motor, where in the middle of the ramjet-motor would be installed nuclear reactor, what would warm the air, what would drive backward of that motor. But when political atmosphere turned against that kind of solutions, started NASA think about the possibility, that this nuclear reactor would be replaced by using electric arc. And when this motor would be equipped with flap system, what was planned to be similar, what was used in V-1 "Flying bomb" could be possible to make the motor, that uses air as a propellant. Also, there were plans to make aircraft, what uses electric arcs to hang in the air. In those planes would be the chamber in the middle of them, and if there would make the electric arc, with power what is enough high, would that allow the aircraft to fly in the atmosphere.



That rocket would use fuel cells to make very high voltage, what makes electric arc under that plane. And in this case, the electric arc works like the fire under heat air balloons, what are used for centuries. Many of those robots are at the theoretical level, and the solutions would be waiting many years. But one spacecraft have used ion motors while traveling in the asteroid belt. and that would give change to develop more powerful and sophisticated rockets for the space exploration, and maybe we would travel to another planet by using some of those rockets, what are only pictures in the papers.

Sources:

https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/11/nasa-impossible-emdrive-physics-peer-review-space-science/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Timberwind

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Pluto

https://tekniikanmaailma.fi/mullistavalle-mahdottomalle-moottorille-iso-takaisku-uuden-testin-mukaan-maan-magneettikentta-vaaristi-aikaisempia-lupaavia-testituloksia/

Picture I

https://scottlocklin.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/pluto1.jpg

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

Clouds are fascinated people during all the history.

https://sites.google.com/view/fascinatingcloud/etusivu

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Clouds are interesting things because they can get the very strange form, and one explanation for UFO:s is strange looking cloud objects. The objects in the sky might look like the space shuttle or STEALTH-aircraft. The reason for that is not actually have been explained, but sometimes the forms of the clouds are probably caused by some strange energy field. I mean that making forms to the clouds is actually very easy, and the technology that is used is the normal radio transmitter, what has two synchronized targeted radios, what operates at the same frequency and same time.


That system can cause the electric arc in the sky, and that might cause reports of UFO-phenomenon. Those electric arcs might make for making rain because of that phenomenon would cause the forming of drops. And that electric arc can be very dangerous if some aircraft fly thru it. Use of those systems must be done by under control of authorities because they are really dangerous things.


But then we must ask one question: why would somebody want to make images to the clouds? There are rumors that in "Bermuda triangle" the clouds are forming some kind of "tunnels" when the aircraft is starting to shake. That formation of the tunnel might be caused by the high power micro- or radio waves, what are targeted to that aircraft. So maybe the United States Navy or Air Force test high power detection and electronic warfare systems in that area.


Also the weapons, what bases the electric arc can be tested in that area. There would need only two radio-systems, where is two targeted radio transmitters, what just crosses their radio wave at the certain point. That device would be more devastating, than some grenades. But it might be used also in the systems, what are made for weather modification, and also it can be used to make plasma-layer in the atmosphere, what mission is to make thermonuclear warheads detonate in the wrong altitude.

https://sites.google.com/view/fascinatingcloud/etusivu

The hybrid turbines would give aircraft more capacity than ever before

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

We always talk about MDD (Magneto Dynamic Drive) as the engine solution for interstellar travel, but this so-called WARP engine might have more conventional solutions than some interstellar or even interplanetary spacecraft. This magnetic accelerator can also installed in normal fighter or other fast aircraft. In this solution, the WARP drive would use together with normal jet turbines.


The solution could be that the accelerator would install inside jet turbines, and that would increase the speed of the aircraft or otherwise it would decrease the loss of fuel during the flight. In this solution, WARP engine would not give the speed of light for the normal fighter, but when it drives the air thru the motor, it would allow handling one of the biggest problems of high power jet engines.


The overheating is always the danger in the ultra speed flight, and if the trunk will stand the heat, would the turbines overheat. One of the solutions for overheating of the trunk would be that from the nose of aircraft would pumped air, what would be moving slower than the air, what is outside of this air layer by the surface of the airplane.


But if the WARP motors are able to use in the atmosphere, would the airplane need otherwise more conventional technology than before. In this scenario in the aircraft would be turbogenerator, and the electric wires would connect to WARP-tube. This would give very good speed for the airplane when it operates in the atmosphere. This might be the suitable motor solution for small size space shuttle, what might have the capacity to maneuver in space and atmosphere. Or the electricity would transfer to that shuttle by using microwaves. Also, radio-masers can deliver energy for that WARP-driven shuttle.

Normally the spacecraft would get the needed power from fuel cells, and if they are powerful enough, they would be able to make enough electricity for WARP. This chemical version is not so powerful, that the spacecraft or aircraft would get the speed of light. The speed of WARP depends on the power of electricity. If the chemical combustion would not make so high voltage, that this plane would get the speed, what is needed even for interplanetary missions, but it would have the capacity to operate in the Earth orbiter.

Sources:

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3168686/Space-shuttle-powered-MICROWAVES-future-space-travel.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_drive

Picture 1:

http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2015/07/20/20/2AB39A2F00000578-0-image-a-11_1437420710115.jpg

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-hybrid-turbines-would-give-aircraft.html