The plastic waste can turn into diamonds.

"In the experiment, a thin sheet of simple PET plastic was shot with a laser. The strong laser flashes that hit the foil-like material sample briefly heated it to 6000 degrees Celsius and thus generated a shock wave that compressed the matter to millions of times the atmospheric pressure for a few nanoseconds. The scientists were able to determine that tiny diamonds, so-called nanodiamonds, formed under extreme pressure. Credit: HZDR / Blaurock" (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Successfully Create Diamonds Out of Bottle Plastic)

Plastic is a hydrocarbon material. That means its main carbon and some other elements. In plastic, the structure where other atoms are connected is the carbon chains. Diamonds are pure carbon. Or actually, they are crystallized forms of carbon. And that means everything where carbon atoms can turn to diamonds. In the old method, the system uses a chemical reaction chamber. 

The process that turns plastic waste into diamonds is simple. Researchers can separate carbon from other atoms in the reaction chamber. And then they can make that hot carbon react in the pressure chamber. That system requires a special chemical environment. 

In the new method, the laser system shoots laser rays to plastic. That laser turns the plastic to a temperature of 6000 Celcius. And the shockwave turns that material into diamonds. This system emulates the conditions that are making diamonds in a gas giant's atmosphere. 

The ability to turn things like greenhouse gases into diamonds can use to store carbon. The greenhouse gasses can turn into diamonds by separating carbon from those molecules. Then those molecules will be put under high pressure and the shockwave will be driven through the vaporized carbon cloud. That shockwave can create by using laser rays. But also magnetic field can use in that pressurizing process. 

There is the possibility to turn carbon dioxide into diamonds. The ionized carbon with the values C3+ or C4- can be used in that process. The system can use a magnetic press that is made for the fusion tests. And then the system can simply press carbon atoms in one entirety. Magnetic systems can be much more powerful than pressure systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-successfully-create-diamonds-out-of-bottle-plastic/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon

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Machine learning is creating novel materials and complex molecular structures.

   

Machine learning is creating novel materials and complex molecular structures. 

Machine learning is the thing that revolutionizes everything. The idea of developing materials like molecules is always similar to putting lego bricks into a certain form. At first, the system puts two bricks together. And then the machine will start to expand the structure. The system can use a similar methodology to put the atoms and molecules together. 

The system follows temperature. And other things like oxygen level, pressure and pH, and radiation level in the reaction chamber. Those things are necessary when new molecules are created for nanotechnology. And also the production of artificial enzymes needs a similar technology with nanomachines. 

Artificial intelligence can use scanning tunneling microscopes, electron microscopes, and optical laser- and regular microscopes for observing how the molecules and atoms are making connections. When some connection seems successful. The system can continue by using the same parameters. 

When the system tests which parameters are best. It tests the different pH, radiation and pressure, etc. values. Then it tests which values are offering the longest possible stability for the molecules. Or otherwise, the system can observe which physical and chemical values are nearest to the most wanted results. That means all molecules are not meant to be stable. 

Some molecules are meant to cut in certain conditions. Those molecules can be cytostatics that are neutral in the normal chemical environment of the body. When some kind of activator for example. The enzyme, sound, or laser ray hits those molecules that thing cuts those macro-molecules to medicine or cytostatics. If the molecule travels in the body in the form of a macro-molecule. That thing decreases the secondary effects of extremely poisonous cytostatics. 

 And that kind of molecule is useful in medical work. Those molecules are connected to the nutrient. Then nutrient is transported to cells that are needed for those medicals. After that, the enzymes of those cells open the chemical bonds. Or in some other cases, some kind of acoustic or electromagnetic radiation system will break those molecules. And that activates their medical abilities. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-machine-synthesis-complex-materials.html

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https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/

Quantum mechanics and artificial intelligence are used to model high-temperature chemical reactions.

  

 Quantum mechanics and artificial intelligence are used to model high-temperature chemical reactions. 

"Schematic of the bridging of the cold quantum world. And high-temperature metal extraction with machine learning". Credit: Rodrigo Ortiz de la Morena and Jose A. Garrido Torres/Columbia Engineering(SciTechDaily)

The chemical reactions are similar to the reactions in the quantum world. But the scale of those reactions is larger. And artificial intelligence can use to model reactions between high-temperature and low-temperature objects. Also, artificial intelligence can use to model how the reactions in the quantum world affect molecules? 

There are certain rules on how chemical bonds form or how they cut. When we are thinking about chemical bonds. They are like small-size feet or hands. That are connecting atoms. In the world of chemicals, everything has some kind of effect on the reaction. When the energy level of the components of the chemical reactions is chanced. 

That thing causes changes in the speed of reaction. By stressing chemicals with high accurate energy bursts like laser rays are possible to warm the molecules precisely to the right temperature. Also, the things like cooling other participate and warming others make it possible to adjust the dominating part of the reaction. 

There is possible to spray electrons or protons between molecules. And that is making it possible to adjust their ability to touch each other. If there is iron or some other magnetic chemical in the chemical compound. That thing means that magnetic fields affect those chemicals. 

The laser rays can be used to move single molecules and connect them to macro-molecules like fullerene chains. In those chains maybe 100 C-60 fullerene molecules are put to chains. And that thing forms the C-6000 molecule. The laser ray and ultrasound tweezers can use to put the single fullerene molecule to an extremely complicated structure. 

The fullerene molecule is acting the same way as a single carbon atom. And that thing makes it possible to connect them to similar but larger structures with single carbon atoms. So there is the possibility to make the carbon molecule structures there are thousands or even millions of carbon atoms. 

And basically, the chemical reactions are forming or cutting the bonds. And reconnect those bonds with other atoms. So the machine learning can collect data about the chemical and physical environment where some chemical reactions are created. And then those conditions can multiply with other reaction chambers. The thing is that many elements are affecting chemical reactions. 

Of course, catalyzation or inhibiting reactions. By using some other chemicals are an important thing. Things like protective gases like noble-gas layers. Or extremely high accurately calculated gas mixtures. Are things that make it possible to create a new types of chemical compounds, like complicated carbon structures that are needed for nanomachines. 

But also the physical conditions like radiation affect chemical reactions. The ionization, thermal or ionizing radiation have effects on chemical reactions. As well as things like does the reaction chamber moving which means that is connected to centrifuges. Or does the reaction happen in micro gravitation? Also, things like sunlight and magnetic fields affect chemical reactions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-mechanics-and-machine-learning-used-to-accurately-predict-chemical-reactions-at-high-temperatures/

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