Quantum gravity.

M-theory explains the universe as multiple layers. Our universe is on an M-brane. And each main brane involves multiple sub-branes. Those sub-branes behave like the main brane. Gravity is very short-wavelength radiation. Maybe its origin is in gluon evaporation. Or in a hypothetical graviton particle.  This means that gravity can travel between sub-branes. 

The brane theory can explain why gravitation is so different than other forces. The brane theory explains the universe as a stack of branes. Those branes. They are like papers on top of each other. Gravitational waves, or gravitational radiation, can travel between those branes. When. Gravitational waves travel between branes. That radiation, or wave movement, interacts with branes, forming whirls. Those quantum whirls are like wheels that rotate in the opposite direction. 

Than. Gravitational radiation travels. Those whirls act like quantum rolls that transport wave movement. And energy to the gravitational center. This means that. Gravitational waves are formed around energy that travels in a certain direction. That direction is away from the gravitational center. That radiation forms those whirls that transport brane layers. Into. The gravitational center. This kind of gravitational effect looks like a layer. There are rolls around it. That layer is a very large energy wave.

In this text. Brane means: Energy field. “In string theory and related theories (such as supergravity), a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a zero-dimensional point particle, a one-dimensional string, or a two-dimensional membrane to higher-dimensional objects. Branes are dynamical objects that can propagate through spacetime according to the rules of quantum mechanics. They have mass and can have other attributes such as charge.” (Wikipedia, Brane)

In that theory, the universe is a stack of branes. That looks like butter dough. Branes are energy layers. And if we want to use the Planck exclusion principle in this model. There is a possibility that if branes have the same energy levels. They cannot be in each other. This is the Planck exclusion principle. Extension into wave movement. That principle determines that there cannot be two identical fermions in the same quantum system. 

Then we can ask how quantum gravity could destroy matter. This model tells us that there is a single baryon, proton, or neutron in the middle of the atom’s core. Quantum gravitation. It is the effect between quarks. Quarks around the central baryon pull its quarks away from each other. Each baryon has three quarks. And that means the central baryon. It is. Slightly asymmetrical position in the middle of the atom. And that means the gravitational effect from the outer baryons can destroy the central hadron. 

When gravitational forces interact symmetrically with the center of gravity. 

They form the gravitational bubble. The point there is no gravitation. That bubble can be the source of the gravitational waves. When. Particles send those waves. They interact with that bubble.  There is a possibility. That source of those gravitational waves. It is in the gluon evaporation. That zero-G bubble can be the thing. That causes material destruction. 

This is an oversimplified model of quantum-scale gravity. Gravity interacts in atoms. Or any other gravitational centers in both directions. And a little asymmetry in that structure. Turns gravity asymmetric. Each particle is a gravitational center. That thing turns gravitational waves into chaos. The gravitational entropy destroys matter. The orchestration of the gravitational centers determines the strength of that field. When. An object turns denser. That brings those gravitational centers closer. 

To each other. This means that if one of those centers becomes dominant. That effect turns those gravitational centers into harmonic oscillation. The most harmonic gravitational oscillation is in black holes.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/quantum-gravity/

https://www.space.com/quantum-gravity.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

Gravastars and the matrioshka universe.

“An expanding mini-universe could counterbalance the collapsing matter of a star, thereby creating a stable gravastar. Credit: Daniel Jampolski and Luciano Rezzolla, Goethe University Frankfurt” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

“A new study suggests that the collapse of a massive star could spark the creation of a tiny expanding universe rather than a black hole. The resulting object, called a gravastar, would avoid the singularity and event horizon that make black holes so puzzling.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

The hole in the Higgs field. It denies the gravitational interaction between the center. And  its environment. The gravastar forms when an exploding star. It will form the shell. All the mass of the star is in that shell. And that makes. The symmetrical gravitational pull inside that star. This thing can even rip a hole in the Higgs field. 

And that means. It's possible that there is no Higgs field at some point. Even a small mass around that bubble can keep that structure stable. The idea is that the entire mass of the structure is around that bubble. 

This means that the black holes can be multiple independent phenomena. The idea of gravastars is this: When a star. It is far more massive than. The Betelgeuse or red supergiant. It falls as a supergiant. When its energy production ends. But that causes a situation in the falling star’s fusion restarts again. The star packs material into its core. And that causes such a strong energy burst that the matter will be erased. The powerful radiation rips the star into pieces. And if that matter spreads too far. That denies the possibility. That gravity. It cannot pull that nebula back together. 

A black hole forms after the supernova explosion when gravity pulls matter back together. But if the radiation that the explosion forms is too powerful. That thing can rip a hole into the Higgs field. The Higgs field is the base energy field in the universe. That field carries gravitational waves. Or, gravity waves are a wave movement in that field. And without that field, there is no gravity. If there is no Higgs field. There. The gravitational center cannot touch. That thing denies gravitational interaction between the center and the environment. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.)

Can there be other universes inside our universe? 

A gravitational wave is like a ditch that travels through the universe. The energy hill between those ditches always turns lower. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. When. The energy ditch. Or a lower energy point in the Higgs field impact object. The energy hill behind that energy ditch pushes objects into that energy ditch. The most reasonable reason. For why does gravity act only in one direction? 

It is in the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands. That turns the Higgs field weaker. This means that the energy hills between gravity waves are always lower. And because of the energy hill behind the object. What we look at from the gravity center is always higher. Than. The next one. That means that energy hills behind objects push particles into the gravitational center. This means that later energy hills. Between those energy ditches. always turn out to be lower. And that raises a question. Could there be two kinds of gravitational effects? The long-distance wave effect. 

And the short-distance effect. There. A fast-spinning object. Roll quantum fields around them. And then there is a question: can there be gravitational vacuums in the universe? The idea is that the Higgs field is that. The Higgs field delivers gravitational waves. Or, gravitation is a phenomenon that uses the Higgs field  as a transporter. So if there is a hole in the Higgs field. Or base-energy field in the universe. There is no gravity at that point. Because of that. The gravitational wave motion. It  cannot reach objects inside those bubbles. 

When an ultra-heavy star dies, it can form a structure that is weirder than a black hole. The object is called a gravastar. Or, a gravitational vacuum star. The idea is that. When the supernova explosion is strong enough. That thing can form a situation. There. In the gravitational field. Or, in the Higgs field, forms a bubble. If there is no Higgs field. There is no gravity. And that means there forms a gravitational vacuum. There is no gravitation at all. 

The gravastar is hard to detect. Or it doesn’t differ much in black holes. So, the gravastar might look like a black hole. When we think about the supernova explosions. Those violent events destroy entropy. And that means that. At that point. The speed of light is higher than the speed of light around it. So when the supernova explosion sends particles that travel behind the shockwave. ‘

Those particles travel faster than they could travel outside that shockwave. When particles reach that plasma wave. They release energy into that thing.  The plasma shockwave travels behind the radiation. And the scattering effect is strongest. Radiation. The explosion pushes material out from the star. And if the explosion is strong enough. And it forms at the point. That is small enough. That can destroy a star in its way. That the black hole will not form. 

The matrioshka universe means a universe. That is full of internal structures. This means that the universe is like a matryoshka doll. Full of internal universes. And maybe we. Or the universe that we know. It is part of some larger universe. 

But the idea of the universe. That form in the giant star explosion base. It is in the wave-particle duality. When a shockwave travels out from the supernova. It travels through the base energy field. This event forms energy whirls behind that shockwave. 

And this causes a situation. There, those energy whirls start to crystallize into particles. This is one version of the models and hypotheses that suggest that we are living in a black hole. This theory suggests that we are in a black hole. That could be inside other black holes. But the problem is: why can't we see those other universes? The answer. It is suggested that the black hole’s event horizon mixes the information in the form. That we cannot detect. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-say-a-new-universe-could-form-inside-a-dying-star/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field_(classical)

Why can't we fit quantum models and gravity together?

Electroweak interaction (Or electroweak mechanism). And its effect on gravity. And the electroweak interaction effect in the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) 

“In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies. The theory. Models them as two different aspects of the same force. Above the unification energy, on the order of 246 GeV, they would merge into a single force. Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 1015 K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.” (Wikipedia, Electroweak interaction)

Is it possible that gravity is not one single force? Could there be some other phenomena that interact like gravity? Things like a cosmic void. They can cause a similar effect to gravity. 

In the electroweak reaction. The atom core. It sends an energy impulse to electrons. This energy impulse loads extra energy into those electrons. And then those electrons send photons. So, if we want to have a strong interaction with that process. We must say that gluons, the strong interaction transporter, send an energy impulse to the proton and neutron quantum fields. 

That energy impulse loads energy in those quantum fields. We see that energy interaction. As a weak nuclear force. Then those protons and neutrons send their extra energy into the electrons. When electrons send a photon. For a short time, there is a quantum low-energy area, or quantum low-pressure, around those electrons. 

The same type of quantum low-pressure form. Around protons, neutrons, and quarks, when they sent photons. And in that process, the electromagnetic fields that fill that quantum low-pressure region. It can transport particles and wave movement with it when it fills that point. This model. Increases the electroweak mechanism to all other fundamental interactions. 

Hunting of the graviton. Missing gravity transportation particles. 

If the graviton exists, that explains why gravity is so special. It explains the black holes as giant gravitons. The ultimate form of the hypothetical quark stars. In that model, the black hole forms when the internal structures of the singularity strip quantum fields from around gravitons. In this mode. The graviton. It is a quantum-sized black hole. And all elementary particles are bubbles that form around gravitons. 

Theoretically, making gravity models is easy. We can say that particles spin and bind energy to them. But then we are in trouble: how to prove that model? The way to prove this model in real life is more complicated. Gravitation is a weak force. So, the other three, electromagnetism and weak forces, will cover it. And because of that, quantum gravity is a very hard thing to observe. But then. We can see two very interesting questions. 

A) Could gluon be the mythic graviton? 

B) Could gravitation be more than one effect? There is a very long list of things that could cause similar effects to gravitation. 

1) Cosmic voids. 

2) Electromagnetic shadows. 

4) Different energy levels in particles. 

5) Material evaporation. 

6) Electromagnetism and all three other interactions. 

7) Spiral-shaped electromagnetic fields. 

And many other things can cause things that seem like gravity. Sometimes some reseachers say that gravitation is only a virtual force. Or maybe gravitation is the strong nuclear interaction. And that means gluons could be the mythic graviton. The gluon evaporation could interact. Like gravitation. But could the gluon be the graviton?

The strong interaction. Affects very short distances. But strong interaction is actually a wave movement. And that means other forces. Weak and electromagnetic interactions cover that wave movement. But also. Other interactions. Like electromagnetism and weak interactions, they are things. That can form things that look like gravity. 

Another thing that can cause a similar effect to gravity is the quantum or electromagnetic shadow that forms. When electromagnetic waves hit the particle. The particle forms the electromagnetic shadow that causes energy to fall to that point. Those things can cause interaction that seems like gravitation. When electromagnetic fields move, they transport particles with them. 

And then we must look at gravitational waves. Those waves move at the speed of light. But those waves don’t require a field where they travel. And that makes them interesting. Maybe there is still an unknown energy field in the universe. But. If we think that gravitation is a very short-wave radiation, that wavelength is far shorter than even gamma-rays. 

We can ask whether the graviton exists. And then, why has nobody seen gravitons? The graviton. A mythic gravitation transporter particle would be a boson. Like all other force or interaction transporters. In some models. The graviton is the quantum-sized black hole. The idea is that. Graviton-particle could be the thing that forms all elementary particles. As I wrote at the beginning of the text. 

In this model, all elementary particles are like bubbles around those quantum-size black holes. If those kinds of particles are the source for gravitational waves, their size would be smaller than the wavelength of gamma-rays. This thing is one of the things that can explain many things. The evaporation of those hypothetical quantum-sized back holes could explain dark energy. Gravity centers are the clusters of gravitons. 

And black holes could be black. Because they are pure gravitons. In that model, the inner layer of the black hole is the denser graviton cluster. And that strips quantum fields away from gravitons that are at the outer cluster in the singularity. If the graviton exists. The black hole. It is the giant graviton. The ultimate version of the quark stars. But if that thing is real.  It requires that the graviton exists.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/problem-gravity-quantum-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Photons, gluons, and strong interaction.

Sometimes, gravitation is described as a river. The energy field that travels to the particle can be the Higgs field. The base energy field in the universe. When a particle spins and binds energy to it. Outside energy tries to fill that space, and it transports particles with it, like water transports trees. 

If we describe macro gravity as the effect that pulls objects. Like planets together. And quantum gravity is the thing that pulls things like quarks together, along with the strong nuclear interaction. In this model, strong nuclear interaction forms between spinning quarks. When quarks spin, they form a quantum tornado from their spin pole. If those spin poles and those quantum tornadoes turn to another quark, this thing can form the quantum bond between quarks. There are a couple of things that this thing requires. 

When quarks spin, the receiving particle must be at a lower energy level so that energy can travel from the dominating particle to the receiving particle. This is why protons have two up and one down quark. Neutron has two down and one up quark. Three homogenous quarks cannot form protons and neutrons. If the energy level between those particles is the same. 

That causes a shortcut between them. In strong nuclear interaction, the gluon starts to travel in the quantum tornado, or quantum channel. In this model, a gluon travels from a higher-energy quark to a lower-energy quark in the quantum tornado. That forms the suck effect that keeps those particles together. Or in another version. The gluon is in a static position between quarks, and then it forms those quantum tornadoes between those quarks. 

Because energy travels from down quarks to up quarks, that thing acts like glue that glues those particles together. This is why the strong nuclear interaction transporter particle is called a gluon. Gluon travels between quarks. The down quark is at a higher energy level than the up quark. The down quark is a heavy particle, and one of the reasons for that could be the spin of the particle. 

So. Strong nuclear interaction. It happens between a quark and a gluon, not between two quarks. A gluon is a massless particle, similar to a photon. When a gluon travels between those quarks, it interacts with another quark, which is on a lower energy level than the transmitting particle. When that gluon impacts the receiving particle, it sends a quantum pressure wave. 

Because the neutron has two down and one up quark, energy travels to the single up quark. That means it sends energy impulses through neutrons. And sooner or later, those energy impulses destroy the neutron. One of the reasons for that is that. The energy level in the universe decreases. When energy impulses travel out from quarks, they have a stronger effect. And the difference between energy levels is the thing. That breaks the neutron. 

In proton energy travels into two up quarks. This means the energy wave away from those quarks is slower and smoother. There is also more space where energy can go than there is in neutrons. This means that nobody has seen proton decay yet. 

And then into the quantum gravitation. It’s possible that quantum gravitation forms when quantum bonds between quarks and gluons start to bind energy. This effect causes a situation. That is the energy level in the outer shell of the quantum whirl that connects those quarks to the gluon. If we think that the spin of gluons forms the quantum gravity. When a gluon spins, it binds energy, and then other energy from the quantum field tries to fill that hole. This causes an effect in which the gluon sends a wave movement through that quantum whirl. 

This whirl is like a tornado. The inner side of it pulls particles together. But its shell pushes particles away from each other. This raises a question. About the gravity. Could the strong nuclear interaction be the same thing as gravity or quantum gravity? If we think that the particle that spins binds the energy field into it. We can say that gravity could be an effect. Those forms. When the so-called Higgs field travels to those spinning particles. The field. That could make this the Higgs field. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up_quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Can antigravity be real?

"The gravitational behavior of the Earth around the Sun is not due to an invisible gravitational pull, but is better described by the Earth falling freely through curved space dominated by the Sun. The shortest distance between two points isn’t a straight line, but rather a geodesic: a curved line that’s defined by the gravitational deformation of spacetime. The notion of “distance” and “time” is unique for every observer, but under Einstein’s description, all frames of reference are equally valid, and the “spacetime interval” remains an invariant quantity." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

Theoretically, it is possible to create antigravity by putting particles into spin very fast. That spin binds energy from quantum fields around those particles. But then. If those particles spin, stop. They release energy that they bind during the spin. If. Those particles are things. That. Forms a gravity field, which makes the antigravity possible. 

Can antigravity be real? The answer is no. But theoretically, we can try to explain the theoretical model of antigravity. There is no such thing as negative mass or negative energy. But why is that thing? The model of gravity suggests that spinning particles. Form energy pothole that we see as gravity. This model suggests. That gravity forms when particles spin and bind energy from their environment. And then the other fields will fall to fill the hole that the spinning particle makes in the quantum field. This means that those fields pull. Particles. And other things with them. That thing makes the pothole, or causes the curvature in the spacetime. That. We know it as the gravity field. 

"An animated look at how spacetime responds as a mass moves through it helps showcase exactly how, qualitatively, it isn’t merely a sheet of fabric. Instead, all of 3D space itself gets curved by the presence and properties of the matter and energy within the Universe. Space doesn’t “change shape” instantaneously, everywhere, but is rather limited by the speed at which gravity can propagate through it: at the speed of light. The theory of general relativity is relativistically invariant, as are quantum field theories, which means that even though different observers don’t agree on what they measure, all of their measurements are consistent when transformed correctly." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

The antigravity can be the situation. Where. Those spinning particles stop spinning. That makes them release energy. That energy can be the antigravity, because gravity forms when spinning particles bind energy into them. And that means the antigravity is the opposite effect of those particles. In that case, the same particles that bind energy and form the gravity pothole while they spin. Simply. Release that energy. But can something like a black hole completely stop or change its direction? Normally, particles are spinning 1/2 rounds. 

When those particles are spun 1/2 round, they start to change their direction. That causes an effect. Those particles must release their energy at the point. That. They slow down. And. Start to turn. A particle releases photons or energy waves. 

"The way to make a realistic warp drive involves manipulating the energy field and the spacetime curvature of the region around a spacecraft. By compressing the space in front of you at the expense of rarifying the space behind you, it’s possible to shorten the distance between the point of origin and your destination. This requires some form of negative mass/energy to work, however."(Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

Like. Other wave movement types. The gravitational waves form in cases where the center of gravity releases or binds energy. When a particle’s spin changes or slows, it must release energy. So, when the gravity center, like a black hole, changes its spin speed, that forms interference in the fields around it. So the antigravity would be the effect that the spin of all particles in the gravity center stops. And sends the wave movement that the wavelength is as long as gravity waves. This kind of effect could theoretically fill that pothole. 

The thing is that if the particle has spin that is higher than one, that particle would turn invisible. So, we can think that the particles. That spin has no limit will be invisible. Because. Only cases. That. The particle sends a wave movement. Or photons make it visible. But a particle is invisible when it binds energy.  The thing that makes a black hole visible is the halo and transition disk.  That is when a black hole absorbs energy from around it. This means the energy level of those areas is extremely high. Sometimes the radiation level from those halos and material disks rises so high that those things push material away from the black hole.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

Dark energy could be something incredible.

 Dark energy could be something incredible. 

"The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is mounted on the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory—a program of NSF NOIRLab—in Arizona. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. Tafreshi" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Engine Is Changing: DESI Hints Dark Energy Isn’t What We Thought)

Can black holes be the source of dark energy? 

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, uncovers dark energy, and those observations reveal that dark energy can be something nobody expected. DESI’s observations suggest that black holes may be a source of dark energy. That means, there is a structure near the event horizon or in some energy fields near the black hole that transforms material or wave movement into dark energy. Dark energy could form when some structure pushes energy fields. Like some kind of rotating propeller. Or, we can say that the structure in the black hole or its environment just changes the wavelength of the radiation or visible energy so short that we cannot see that wavelength. Black holes are bright gamma- and X-ray objects. 

There is a possibility that this bright high-energy radiation covers dark energy below it. The main question in this transformation model is simple. What is the wavelength that turns into dark energy? Does dark energy form when spinning structures interact with gamma-rays?  Gamma-rays have the highest known energy level and the shortest known wavelength. So, can that interaction, with gravitation radiation, transform high-energy radiation into dark energy? 

This model suggests that when high-power gravitational waves come out from the black hole. It changes  the energy fields near the black hole. So, what are gravity waves? They are like energy potholes in the universe. They can form in situations when some shortwave wave movement travels against energy fields. That shortwave radiation pulls energy out from those fields, forming a ditch that pulls particles and other objects to the gravity center. That radiation or wave movement causes changes in the wavelengths of other radiation. 

If black holes are the dark energy sources, that would be a more fundamental observation. Than nobody expected. Dark energy forms when some structure in the black hole pushes fields that fall into the gravitational center. A black hole's spinning binds energy into it. But the expansion of the universe causes a situation. Where that black hole loses its mass all the time. Laws of physics determine that energy cannot just vanish. It can turn into materia. And matter can turn into energy. That means the source of the dark energy can be in the black hole’s evaporation. When a black hole turns into radiation. That means it turns its mass into energy. 

Could there be two versions of gravity? 

1) Gravity that forms when a particle vaporizes or turns into wave movement. That vaporization or reaction where matter turns into energy or wave movement pulls energy to that particle. The evaporation makes an object a gravity center, which pulls particles into it. When a particle or any object, including a black hole, sends a wave movement, it releases energy, or wave movement. And that wave movement binds energy from other energy fields. 

2) Another version of gravity can happen when fast-spinning black holes pull energy to the event horizon and near it. That energy travels to the spin axle, there it travels through the space. This thing means that the gravity center acts like a giant thermal pump. And if we think that the energy waves that travel in a relativistic jet are the string-shaped structure, those strings can bind energy from around them. That can mean that dark matter beams can be the source of dark matter, the mysterious gravity effect. 

So can fast-moving thin energy fields, or energy waves, be the source for dark matter? That means when an energy beam travels in the universe very fast, it binds energy into itself. Or the string binds energy into its head. Then energy travels back in that string and pushes fields away from it. But first, that string’s energy level must turn so high that it can make that thing. 

That model can explain why a long energy string, or a superstring, can be hot and cold at the same time. When a superstring collects energy into it, and if its speed is high enough, that can form an effect where energy travels out from the string from its back. So the string itself is not visible. But the energy field that it packs around it glows. And if that string can move energy in some direction in an extremely short-wave form, that means that the string packs energy from around it and turns its wavelength. When energy travels around those fast-moving strings, it forms a situation that looks like gravity.  

Can the dark energy source be in the hypothetical dark matter particles interaction. Dark matter particles like weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, and axions are hypothetical particles. There is a possibility that fast-spinning particles can turn into string-shaped structures. So, the fast spin movement stretches those particles into the shape that seems like a superstring. 

Another explanation for dark energy is that. Hypothetical dark matter particles. Or impacting gravitational waves, can form dark energy. Near black hole conditions are extreme. That means if there are dark matter particles or wave movement impacts. And maybe those impacting waves can form a wave movement that we cannot see. But the most exciting versions of those theories suggest that dark energy can form in gravitons. Those still hypothetical gravitational transpoting particles could be so-called quantum-size singularities or quantum-size black holes. 

The model goes like this. Those particles will not actually form dark energy. They just transform other energy forms. Or wavelength, into dark energy. This happens when a particle affects a fundamental force’s wavelength. We know four fundamental forces. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. Today, we call those four fundamental forces “fundamental interactions”. Every single fundamental interaction has a unique wavelength. 

That wavelength depends on the size of its transportation particle, called bosons. Energy cannot form from nowhere, but it can change its form. When energy changes its form, that means its wavelength changes. So, theoretically is possible to transform gravity waves into electromagnetic energy. But the problem is this: we don’t have tensors that can make this thing. 

That means that. The graviton simply moves wave motion to another place. So the gravity center acts like a thermal pump. The idea is that the energy travels. To the spin axle of the graviton. There, it moves out from the particle as a very thin energy string. And if gravitons form black holes, that means black hole transports energy to their poles. And then sends that energy as a string or a thin energy beam into the space. So when that happens, the reaction can look like gravitation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-engine-is-changing-desi-hints-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Gravity and the quantum realm.

 Gravity and the quantum realm. 

"The Earth’s gravity, manifested as curvature in space and time, is expected to alter the rules of standard quantum theory. An experiment consisting of three quantum computers at different elevations can reveal the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics. Credit: The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" (ScitechDaily, Earth’s Gravity Might Be Warping Quantum Mechanics, Say Physicists)

Even Earth's gravity can affect quantum mechanics.  Albert Einstein realized that gravity affects photons. And their trajectories. That makes a gravitational lens possible. But when we think about a situation where gravity affects fields and their interactions with particles, we might first think about things like black holes. But actually, we don’t know how strong the gravitational field must be, so that it affects things like quantum mechanics and qubits. When a qubit travels in the quantum channel, there is a risk that it touches the quantum channel’s walls. And that thing destroys the information that the qubit transports. There is a possibility that gravity interacts with quantum fields. 

And turns them into waves. This form asymmetry and entropy in the quantum fields. There is a possibility that we must not care about small anomalies. But. There is always a possibility that the anomalies and unpredictable things accumulate in the system. We know that one moving water molecule might be harmless. But when trillions of water molecules form things like tsunamis, that breaks the system. When there is a lower energy point in the middle of the system. That thing can glue objects together strongly. That same thing can cause an effect where too much energy starts to travel at that point. That happens if that energy pothole is too deep. The problem is that all systems collect energy also from their environment. 

"A new study reveals that even small differences in elevation between quantum computers—just one kilometer apart—can allow Earth’s gravity to measurably affect quantum systems, challenging one of the foundational principles of quantum mechanics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Earth’s Gravity Might Be Warping Quantum Mechanics, Say Physicists)

There is one model that nobody mentioned about dark matter. That model is that dark matter can be a particle. Within other particles. What if another electron travels inside another electron? That makes the particle super heavy. 

Can dark energy be energy that travels in a hollow superstring in the opposite direction from the superstring’s shell? In that model, a hollow superstring can cause reflection when it hits another quantum field. That reflection causes energy to travel in the opposite direction along the superstring, or energy tube. To the superstring’s shell travels. 

So the core and shell travel in different directions. And the shell of the superstring pumps energy to that wave, which forms the superstring’s core. Even if two wave packages travel in opposite directions, the outer wave package pumps energy into the inner wave package that goes through it. That means the maser effect also affects the superstrings. That means outside energy can press those waves into coherent form. And that energy that travels in superstrings keeps it open.. 

Energy always travels to the lower level. The thing that makes energy devastating is not energy itself. It's an energy movement. When energy moves, there must be some space where energy goes. Energy cannot just vanish. If a small amount of energy travels into a very large space, that doesn’t mean that energy vanishes. It just spreads into a very large area. Energy or information, which is another name for wave movement, still exists. But its wavelength is changed. And that means information or energy can be positioned into the original form. Pressing those waves from their ends. Normally, that is very hard to make. Energy, or information, can take solid form. 

We call this solid form as materia. If we follow the rule that energy can only transform its shape, we could expand that model to the material. And that means the material should turn from visible to dark. But it cannot make that thing straight. The matter should turn into wave movement before it can turn into dark matter. Same way, we cannot transform a cube-shaped stone into a ball-shaped stone. We must melt that stone first. There is only one possible exception. That requires one interesting vision: Could dark matter be a particle that is inside another particle? What if another electron is inside another electron? That turns this hypothetical particle into a super-heavy form of electron. 

https://scitechdaily.com/earths-gravity-might-be-warping-quantum-mechanics-say-physicists/

Gravity from entropy in an interesting theory.

"Diagrammatic representation of the entropic quantum gravity action. The action for gravity is given by the quantum relative entropy between the metric of the manifold and the metric induced by the matter field and the geometry. Credit: Physical Review D (2025). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.066001" (Phys.org, Gravity from entropy: A radical new approach to unifying quantum mechanics and general relativity)

If we think that gravitation occurs in cases where the spinning particles store energy in the. And transform that energy into kinetic energy, we can explain special features of gravity like this. All parts of atoms are spinning. And all particles have their own individual quantum gravity field. So if we try to look at the gravity fields around atoms, we would see multiple different-sized whirls. Gluons, W, and Z bosons, quarks, and electrons conduct energy into themselves. 

But also things like quantum fields and quantum field tunnels between quarks and around the atom's spin. That spinning movement binds energy to those particles and fields. And those particles and fields turn that energy into kinetic energy. 

So, energy, or quantum fields, can also bind energy and make energy travel to those fields. In the same way as in all objects, the spin or speed of a particle or field accelerates until it starts to deliver energy. That means things like black holes will send gravitational waves that are emitted from those objects. When their spin speed slows, they start to deliver energy. Even a black hole cannot create energy from nothing. It must conduct energy somewhere if it spins more slowly. And in that process, a black hole delivers energy. As well as all other objects in the universe. 

In the same way, if we think that quantum fields form superstrings, that explains some interesting things in gravity. Theoretical superstring is the rolled quantum field. So when a superstring moves, it harnesses energy from its environment. The superstring doesn’t form energy; it harnesses and stores it from fields around it. When a superstring slows, it releases a gravitational wave or some other energy wave. Just like all other gravitational centers. 

Gravitation from entropy, or entropic gravity, is a new and exciting model to explain quantum gravity. And attempt to fit quantum gravity into Einstein's general relativity and special relativity. That model tries to connect quantum gravitation to the larger-scale gravitation. Entropic gravitation holds the idea that gravitation is like electromagnetic radiation, or one of the quantum fields.

So, if gravitation is like radiation, there should be a so-called G-field that gravitational radiation forms. That G-field or free gravitational field is like any other radiation field, but gravitational radiation or gravitational wave movement forms that G-field. The G-field could form particles because wave-particle duality (WPD) is also possible between gravitational waves. 

"Representation of the gravitational field of Earth and Moon combined (not to scale). Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium." (Wikipedia, Gravitational field)

When we think about how difficult it is to fit quantum gravity with larger-scale gravitational objects, we must dare to ask one question. Did somebody forget fields when they made gravitational models? That means spinning, or moving quantum fields, can also act like a gravity center. The idea is that a fast-spinning field also binds energy fields from around it. And that makes those fields travel to that field. 

That means in theory the field can also act as a gravity center. The idea is that particles are also waves. Or they are condensed wave movements. In reactions like annihilation, antimatter-matter impacts turn antiparticle-particle pairs into the wave movement. That means matter is packed with energy. And when a particle hits its anti-particle pair, it releases energy that is stored in particles. 

The wave-particle duality means that particles can turn into energy or wave movement. And wave movement can turn into particles. If a G-field exists and some particle spins in it, that particle also rolls the G-field in it and turns that field into kinetic energy. That is one way to close this theorem. But the other way is to think that there are no absolute vacuums in the universe. There are always some kinds of fields and things like superstrings that are extremely thin energy fields. In the same way as superstrings and particles store energy, the spinning quantum field stores energy. 

Those things form the smallest structures in the universe. When a superstring or any other structure spins, that structure stores energy into it in the form of kinetic energy. When a spinning structure turns energy into kinetic form, it harnesses that energy from around it. That makes energy move to the structure. An energy field from outside the pulling area tries to fill that energy pothole. The energy movement to the object continues until the object’s energy level rises so high that energy can break the whirl around that object. 

But again, we can replace the word spinning by using word movement. The moving particle or object, like a moving field, stores energy. If we think that entropy is space where it is moving and oscillating, that thing can explain the form of gravity. Those particles store and deliver energy, and that can explain gravity. The question is always, what causes those quantum fields to move? Moving quantum fields take particles and radiation with them. And that makes the effect known as gravity. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-03-gravity-entropy-radical-approach-quantum.html

https://www.quantamagazine.org/is-gravity-just-entropy-rising-long-shot-idea-gets-another-look-20250613/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic_gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_field

Time arrows and black holes.

Antigravity and Meissner effect. 

Normally, the Meissner effect is an electromagnetic phenomenon in superconducting materials. The Meissner effect happens in electromagnetic wavelengths. The gravitational Meissner effect is a similar effect that happens in the gravitational wavelength. Today, the gravitational Meissner effect is still a theory. 

Can gravity be like the Meissner effect? The Meissner effect is possible only in the extremely low temperature superconducting objects where an atom’s quantum fields form an entirety. The question is whether a similar effect that forms in gravity fields forms in cases where all parts of the atom are under one homogenous quantum field? Or is it enough that the electrons will push against the atom’s core into a homogenous form? 

If the “Gravitational Meissner effect” is possible, that makes antigravity levitation possible. If the gravitational Meissner effect is possible, that means the energy waves that travel past the particle or object are like time arrows, or arrows of time. Those things harness energy from their environment and push it into particles or particle groups. And that energy pushes those particles back in time. 

Or, otherwise saying, they cause time dilation. When the mass of an object increases, that means its spin turns faster. The spin speed accelerates until the particle cannot receive energy. Then the particle's speed starts to slow. In that process, it sends energy waves. Because it must transfer that kinetic energy somewhere. Black holes send gravitational waves when they slow their speed and release energy that is stored in them. 

The arrow of time (or time arrow) in the modern universe. 

Why doesn't the time arrow (arrow of time) work in the modern universe? There is one very good explanation. There is too much space in the modern universe. When a time arrow moves forward, it pushes energy to objects like particles around it. And then that energy pushes particles back in time. But the problem is that this requires that the particle can store the energy that it gets. In the modern universe, a receiving particle takes that energy into its quantum field. And then releases that energy immediately. 

The time arrow that pushes an object back in time requires a situation where a particle that receives energy will not give that energy away immediately. So the system must be dense enough and harness energy from a large enough area that the time arrow (or arrow of time) can push particles back in time. 

When we think about things like wormholes, those hypothetical energy tornadoes are one version of the time arrows. The wave movement tornado around the wormhole stores energy from around it. Then that energy will move to an object that travels in the wormhole. That energy can prevent an object from aging because that thing will not let the energy out from that particle or object. The case where the wormhole transports objects back in time is this. 

Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature. (Wikipedia, Meissner effect). Can this kind of effect be possible in the gravitational fields? In this image, Tc= temperature critical or critical temperature. The critical temperature means that below the critical temperature. The Meissner effect turns into reality. Could there also be a density critical that makes the gravity field act like EM-fields act in the Meissner effect? 

The energy level in those objects that travel in a wormhole must rise higher than the energy shadow at the front of the particle can transport that thing out from the object. The black hole is one type of time arrow. The black hole is a very fast-spinning object that collects quantum fields from around it and transforms that thing into kinetic energy. That means the black hole’s spin accelerates all the time. But that acceleration stops sooner or later. When the spinning speed of a black hole slows, it sends gravitational radiation or gravitational waves. 

When a black hole or any other particle spins in the energy field, it collects energy from that field. That thing makes an energy pothole. The pothole is the wormhole back in time. The particle can harness energy only from its environment. The thing in black hole cases is that the black hole is not eternal. It makes a hole through time. But the reason why the time arrow works in that case is that the energy field in that pothole is dense enough. The energy cannot escape from the black hole as easily as it could escape from some other objects. The black hole’s energy level can rise so high that it breaks the energy barrier around it. And that causes black hole destruction. The black hole travels back in time until it starts to deliver its energy. 

But why can gravity slow aging? The answer can be in the nature of gravity. If we think that gravity is one form of the Meissner effect, the particle that spins just makes energy fields travel past the particle. That makes quantum levitation. In the case of black holes, particles are in the same direction. And that makes the effect more powerful. The fast spin packs energy, or quantum fields, from such large areas that the object cannot release its energy through that thing. The dense material causes quantum fields to travel through the extremely dense object. Those energy fields or waves are like time arrows. They push objects in the middle of them back in time because they cannot let quantum fields travel through them. 

That means if we want to make a time machine that uses a time arrow, we should make extremely dense pearls. Then we must shoot particles or laser beams through it. That pumps energy to the structure around the channel. But for working that requires extremely dense materials. 

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/humanity-breaks-time-for-the-first-time/18338/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

The new quantum gravity model takes us closer to the Theory of everything, TOE.

"A quantum theory of gravity would clear the path to answering some of the biggest questions in physics. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Gravity’s Quantum Secret: “Theory of Everything” Could Unite the Forces of Nature)

The question of the form of gravity is interesting. Gravity is the only known force that affects light. And that makes it special. Another thing is that gravity seems to have no pushing force. This is the thing that makes gravity interesting. If we think that all particles have gravity fields and all objects like planets are entireties of those particles that means that gravity fields are the sum of those particle's gravity fields. 

Every particle is the quantum dot or quantum gravity center. The reason why the Earth-size black hole has a stronger gravity field than Earth is that there are more quantum dots in the same size object than the planet. So, the black hole can form around the structure of the quantum dots that are very close or melted together. The thing that determines the power of gravity fields is the density of those quantum gravity dots. So, we can turn any object into a black hole by pushing those quantum gravity dots together. 

That means if we think about the Theory of everything, TOE, we can make the model where the distance of those quantum dots determines which of fundamental interactions, Strong- and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, or gravity be in case. We can make a model where the superstrings of the extremely thin energy tube travel through those quantum gravity points. Those strings could be extremely small wormholes can also be one of the reasons why gravity acts as it acts. If something goes and cuts those strings they start to pull those things through them. 

The idea of the wormholes is that they must be extremely long and that the energy that travels through them can keep them open. The extremely long wormhole makes things travel in time. The expansion of the universe makes the other end of that energy tube a so high-energy level that the future has a lower energy field that can pull information through it. The information flow must be so strong that the outside energy cannot press that energy tube together. 

Finnish researchers from Allto University made models that should connect quantum field theory and Einstein's theory of relativity. That thing is the great step to the Theory of Everything, TOE. This model is interesting and those researchers published that in their publishings. You can find that thing in the article that is lined below this text. One of the most interesting questions of the gravity and its special nature is this: 

Can there be two or maybe three forms of gravity? 

1) Gravity that has the field effect. In that case, gravity is the field that travels into the gravity center. The gravity center or spinning particles can bind those fields inside them. And that means the system rolls those fields inside them. The field is like a river that takes everything with it. 

2) Gravity might also have a wave effect. That means gravity waves can have the shape that makes objects fall to the gravity center. And if there is a step, or false vacuum before the bottom of the gravity wave that makes objects fall to the gravity center, like I just wrote. 

The idea is that the gravity waves are at lower energy levels or they are deeper if the observer goes closer to the gravity center. The reason for that can be a similar phenomenon with the false vacuum decay. Or the gravity wave can stretch which makes it lower. That tells why outcoming energy that tries to fill the gravity wave is like a ditch that pushes particles into the gravity center. 

There might be a limit. Or the increasing mass turns the gravity waves less dominant than the field. The small mass objects can send gravity waves, but when those object's mass is rising that field pulling turns more dominating. The high-mass object simply rotates or binds a quantum field around it like dough. But does that thing cause only because massive object sends gravity waves so often? 

The last model that we can mention is virtual gravity. In some versions things like electromagnetism cause the virtual gravity effect. But another version of the virtual gravity is the particle the upper side has a higher energy level than the bottom. If that particle starts to rotate like wing gear. That was used in some early steamships. The idea is that the particle gets energy from up. And if it rotates horizontally that thing forms the energy wave below the particle. That energy wave pushes that particle forward. 

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitys-quantum-secret-theory-of-everything-could-unite-the-forces-of-nature/

 

Black holes, spin, and gravitation.

The image introduces how gravity or gravitational waves form when black holes orbit each other. Those black holes pile energy between them. But. How single black hole can form gravity waves? 

Can gravity form When an object spins? And that spin turns the electromagnetic field into kinetic energy? 

Can we make a black hole simply by putting the fast-spinning ball in the plasma ring? 

We can think that a black hole is the structure where a plasma ring surrounds the ball. The plasma ring closes radiation and energy in the structure. And that thing makes the black hole so interesting. We can say that even in this text the black hole's core is described as a ball that transforms electromagnetic energy into kinetic energy, the black hole's core can also be the gravitational tornado. 

The idea is that there is a spiral-shaped structure that makes the whirl. The energy level in the whirl is lower than around it. And that makes the outside energy fields travel in that whirl. 

Whirling fields can also transform outcoming quantum fields into kinetic energy. The interaction is similar in the case where a black hole is the ball that the plasma ring surrounds. 

A black hole is the singularity. The ball that binds energy from around it inside its structure. In this model. That ball turns radiation that the plasma ring sends into the kinetic energy. The idea is that the fast-spinning object inside the plasma ring can harness so much energy that it falls into a black hole. The idea is that the fast-spinning object inside the plasma ring binds energy from that plasma inside it. 

That thing means the ball inside that plasma doesn't bind energy. It transforms that energy into the kinetic energy. That means when the energy level in plasma is high enough that increases energy in singularity or structure in this structure. 

When the energy level in the plasma ring decreases. That makes the ball energy deliverer. And we see that energy as gravitational waves. Every gravitational wave is a wave movement. So in this text, gravity waves and gravity radiation are the same. 

Black holes are interactions between plasma around them. And the ball that binds energy if its energy level is low enough. But when the energy level in the plasma ring decreases that makes the black hole send gravitational radiation. So those gravitational wave bursts don't form when a black hole pulls material like a star inside it. They form when that material flows to the plasma ring ends. That makes the plasma ring's energy turn weaker and it lets energy come out from the black hole. 

Does gravity form when some spinning particle turns quantum fields around it into kinetic energy?  When that particle or object spins it haness energy around it. And then that energy transforms into spinning movement or otherwise saying, kinetic energy. When an object binds energy inside it it makes it spin faster. And the same time the outcoming energy tries to fill the hole that the energy that object transforms into kinetic energy leaves behind it. 

When we think that gravitation is an effect,  where something pulls quantum fields inside it, and then those quantum fields transport particles into the black hole we face one interesting idea. Does the fast spin make the black hole? In that case, the high-speed spin in the extremely thick object transforms those fields around it into kinetic energy. So if a particle spins fast enough it pulls energy into it. And then. That energy transforms into kinetic energy. 

In that model, gravity waves are radiation or superstrings whose source is very small. This thing rises the energy hills at their top. Same way the gravity waves or gravity radiation are not solid. There are little breaks in those energy impulses. That makes those energy impulses act like thermal pumps. The hilltop of those energy fields turns higher. And that increases the energy flow to the energy walley. That effect pushes energy Walley lower. And that causes the pulling effect. 

Can a black hole look like this: The ball and plasma field around it?

Those gravitational beams or energy beams that we call "gravitational waves". Will be the thing that pulls energy fields inside the black holes. The thing that forms the whirls around that structure is cases in which there are small holes in the black hole's structure. Those holes touch the fields and start to make a spiral-shaped structure. We see those structures as the material disks and galaxies. So we can think that the spiral structure continues behind the event horizon. The black hole simply binds energy inside it. 

So, gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is quite similar thing as synchrotron radiation. The difference between gravitational radiation and synchrotron radiation is that the gravitational radiation wavelength is so short that it simply turns into a pulling ray. So, if we can make the plasma ring there the radiation simply travels into that ring. That makes the effect that the plasma ring starts to harness energy inside it. That thing causes an effect on the plasma starts to harness energy from outside it. And that causes the pulling effect that we see as gravity. 

https://medium.com/big-science-at-stfc/gravitational-waves-everything-you-need-to-know-f8d7af6ced3a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

Images: 

Medium.com

Gemini

How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation?

 How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation? 

There is the possibility that dark matter is the thing that pulls gravitational waves out from gravitational centers. If dark matter is 2D material where particles are "flat". That means energy travels into that material. There is a halo of dark matter around every gravitational center, and if we think that gravitational waves travel out from the gravitational centers that could mean that the dark matter halo pulls those gravitational waves in an opposite direction than other radiation.

If we think that our dimension is like water gravitational waves would remove surface tension. And that makes the other quantum fields travel into that gravitational center. So gravitation is wave movement that pushes the bottom away from the dimension. And then other quantum fields with longer wavelengths try to fill that hole. That thing causes a situation. Where those other quantum fields drive particles into the black holes. That thing could be a simple version of the gravitational interaction where outside quantum fields carry objects into the direction of the gravitational center.  

Artist illustration of a dark matter halo. (Image credit: Artistic rendering by Christopher Dessert, Nicholas L. Rodd, Benjamin R. Safdi, Zosia Rostomian (Berkeley Lab), based on data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope.) (Space.com/Astronomers weigh ancient galaxies' dark matter haloes for 1st time)

In this model, the cold dark matter has a lower energy level than visible matter. That means energy travels from the visible material into the cold dark matter. If we could trap cold dark matter that thing could form the ultimate Stirling engine. In that model, researchers will put the dark matter into the lower energy side of the engine. Then energy flow travels from the material to that dark matter. And it would make the ultimate Stirling engines where energy travels from material into cold dark matter. 

Researchers calculated the weight of the dark matter halo in distant galaxies. That thing means that the visible dark matter interactions are pathfinders for modeling and understanding the form of gravitation.  It's impossible to model dark matter without that information. Dark matter is very hard to measure. And that's why it's so mysterious. There is no single confirmed impact with particles and dark matter. But if that kind of information is confirmed it would change the physics. 

https://www.space.com/dark-matter-haloes-ancient-galaxy-1st-weight-measurements

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html

The black holes can be closer than we expected. But how close they can be?

   The black holes can be closer than we expected. But how close they can be?

Researchers found the closest black hole-candidates in the Hyades star cluster. "The Hyades Star Cluster is the closest cluster of stars to the Sun. The Hyades open cluster is bright enough to have been remarked on even thousands of years ago, yet is not as bright or compact as the nearby Pleiades (M45) star cluster. Pictured here is a particularly deep image of the Hyades which brings out vivid star colors and faint coincidental nebulas. Credit & Copyright: Jose Mtanous" (ScitechDaily.com/Hyades Star Cluster Revelations: Earth’s Nearest Black Holes Uncovered) 

Distance to black holes is hard to measure. The massive gravity in the black holes stretches light, causing enormous redshift. That's why the black holes can easily seen being at longer distances than they are. There is a theory that black hole is lurking even inside our solar system. The idea is that the mysterious "Planet X" that causes anomalies in Neptune's trajectory is about a grapefruit-size black hole. But the question is, how that black hole can be stable? 

Why would it not vaporize? The thing that causes questions about that black hole is the mysterious X-ray flares in Uranus' atmosphere. The source of those X-ray flares is high-energy particles. And one of the possible sources for those high-energy particles is a black hole in our solar system. 

Above: Artist's impression of Triton's cryovolcano. 

Cryovolcanoes or nitrogen smokers on Triton. 

Another thing that causes questions is the mysterious black nitrogen smokers on Triton Moon. There is some kind of ray-shaped energy impact that forms those icy geysers on that icy moon. Could the thing that causes those black geysers be the Einstein-Rose bridge or wormhole that travels through Triton? Conditions on that icy moon should be extremely stable. And the temperature along with gas pressure are very low. So forming the icy geyser requires some kind of energy impact. 

And if that energy impact would be some kind of gravitational effect from Neptune that causes a much larger volcanic phenomenon. The third thing that causes questions is the fresh ice at Pluto's south pole (down in the image). That fresh ice seems like some kind of eruption from under the icy shell of that dwarf planet. What causes that quite large water eruption on that dwarf planet? 

Dwarf planet Pluto in New Horizon's image. You can see white fresh ice at its south pole. The interesting thing is this. The white material seems to travel in two directions. And it is, of course, possible that Charon's moon's gravity causes that thing. But is its gravity strong enough that it causes that effect? And what is another particle flow's, or another effect's source that causes the other route for that Y-shaped ice structure? 

Is there some kind of common mass center between the Sun and Proxima Centauri?

 

The thing that causes questions about the common mass center between Alpha Centauri and the Sun is Proxima Centauri. Or Alpha Centauri C: which is another name for Proxima. That orbital period is very long, and that could explain why Proxima is so long the closest star to the Sun.  The Proxima system travels around Alpha Centauri in  547000(+6600−4000) years. 

That red dwarf is the third participant in the Alpha Centauri binary star system.  Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri A and B. And that means it should sometimes turn in the opposite direction from the sun to another side of Alpha Centauri. 

So how long does that star remain as the closest star to our sun? If there is some kind of common mass center between Alpha Centauri and the Sun, that thing causes the situation that Proxima Centauri is always the closest star to our solar system. The only invisible mass center is a black hole. 

https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/01/world/uranus-xrays-detected-scli-scn-intl/index.html

https://www.go-astronomy.com/planets/neptune-moon-triton.htm

https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/detecting-x-rays-from-uranus

https://phys.org/news/2019-09-planet-primodial-black-hole.html

https://scitechdaily.com/hyades-star-cluster-revelations-earths-nearest-black-holes-uncovered/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

 The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA