Newtonian and Einstein models are still useful tools.

The Einstein and Newtonian gravitational principles are still “hard stuff”. And today, we can say that all gravitational models are suitable. If they are used with a certain scale. The Newtonian models are suitable for calculating interactions between large-scale objects, like planets. The quantum gravitational models are suitable for calculating the interactions of the smallest particles in the universe. 

The fact is that. Those models are hard to connect. So, we can say that the Newtonian gravity, the Theory of Relativity, and quantum mechanical models would make the GUT (Grand Unified Theory) and the TOE (Theory of Everything) possible. The problem is that. We don’t know. If it's the gravity. Only one force. Or is it a collection of many forces? When we think about the structure of the planets, there are multi-trillion atoms. Each atom has an electron shell. And core with protons and neutrons. Those protons and neutrons involve quarks. So why can't we connect quantum gravitation with the Newtonian model? 

The reason for that is simple. We don’t know every part of complex material structures. The quarks and electrons are the only elementary particles on the planet. But then. We must realize that the bonds that connect quarks into protons and neutrons. And bonds between protons and neutrons can also act as part of the gravity effect. Those bonds between those baryons are like quantum tornadoes. Those quantum tornadoes bind energy into them. Another thing that we forget is the centrifugal force. That force pushes objects out of the surface of the spinning objects. But there is more about that thing at the end of the text. 

The fact is that we should find out. The existence of a graviton. There is a model of the graviton. It is that graviton, it's the quantum-sized black hole. The elementary particles are quantum fields around those gravitons. So, the matter is the halo around those quantum-scale back holes. And maybe those quantum-sized black holes can form the bonds between quarks. Those bonds are the quantum tornadoes between elementary particles. This means that those bonds are. A little bit like the mythical wormholes. Channels through space and time. 

The wormhole was introduced by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen. The theoretical wormhole is the channel, or a tornado, across space and time. The wormhole can form between superpositioned and enangled black holes. But. The structure would be similar to the bonds that connect. Those quarks together into protons and neutrons, or bonds that form between baryons. And then, similar, but larger quantum tornadoes form chemical bonds. So, the wormhole would be the long-distance bond between two black holes. 

“A wormhole visualized as a two-dimensional surface. Route (a) is the shortest path through normal space between points 1 and 2; route (b) is a shorter path through a wormhole.” (Wikipedia, Wormhole)

“In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies. The theory.  Models them as two different aspects of the same force. Above the unification energy, on the order of 246 GeV, they would merge into a single force. Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 1015 K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.” (Wikipedia, Electroweak interaction)

So could all fundamental interactions be the same force? That affects only in different-sized areas. 

From electroweak to strong interaction that interacts with electroweak through the Z boson. The reaction goes like this. Gluon>Z boson>W boson> and gravity. But then we miss the graviton. That existence is not proven.  

And maybe the same structures can form those bonds between protons and neutrons. In models, the bonds between protons and neutrons form when some structure (like a free quark, or some kind of black hole) forms the quantum low-pressure between neutrons and protons. This thing forms the W and Z bosons that orbit that structure between protons and neutrons. And that forms the quantum low-pressure that keeps those particles in the one structure. 

The W boson. It can transmit energy between electromagnetism and weak nuclear interaction. So, could the Z-boson have an ability to transmit energy between the W boson and gluons, which transport strong nuclear interaction? The reason for. Why. Electromagnetic interaction. Seems stronger than strong interaction is this. The effective area of electromagnetic interaction is larger. The strong interaction forms a wave movement that affects very small structures. This means that the radiation that affects a small area can tunnel through even an elementary particle. 

Is it possible? That's when we try to create TOE and GUT theories? We simply forget that things like bonds between particles also bind energy. That means those bonds have an effect on the gravity. The idea is that the gravitation forms when some structure binds energy or quantum fields. Quantum field. It is a common name for gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions. 

Another thing that we sometimes forget is that electrons orbit the atom’s core. During that process, the electrons sometimes send a photon. That forms a lower energy point on the electron. In that case, the quantum field tries to fill that point. And in models, the gravitation. Forms when some structure binds some quantum field. The outcome field tries to fill that point. And particles ride with those fields. 

So when those superstrings or quantum tornadoes pull quarks together, that thing can cause a situation where those things pull energy from around them. The bond, or string. That pulls quarks and hadrons together. When those strings spin, they act like tornadoes. They form the electromagnetic (”quantum”) low-pressure inside them. The tornado aims energy at the quantum field that surrounds quarks. And forms protons and neutrons. The “low-pressure” in those tornadoes pulls those particles together. 

So. That means that part of gravitation should form in those strings. In the same way. Larger-scale molecular structures. Pull energy into them. And that is the thing that forms the gravitational effect. The idea in those models is that. Something binds energy. And because that forms the lower energy area. Outcoming energy “tries” to fill that point. The term quantum field is the common name for all four fundamental interactions: gravity and electromagnetism. And weak and strong nuclear forces. 

Then we must realize that things. Like centrifugal force. Has some kind of effect on gravity. The fact is that it's possible that centrifugal force has a quantum twin. The quantum version of this force could form because the whisk-shape structure that forms the shell of the particle forms quantum-low-pressure around the fast-spinning particle. Those small (Quantum) voids pull photons out from the particle. That thing pushes things out of the particles. The particle forms a quantum tornado in its axle. That tornado pulls energy to that particle. And the particle’s structure transports that energy into its equator. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/gravity-dark-matter-act-cosmic-study

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Does dark energy exist?

"The universe’s accelerating expansion is usually attributed to an unseen force called dark energy. New research proposes that a deeper understanding of gravity and spacetime geometry might explain this behavior without invoking such a mystery. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

There are two types of energy, or quantum fields, in the universe. The local fields that surround galaxies and other gravity centers. And the global fields. These are sometimes called Higgs fields. Those fields are the base energy fields in the universe. Global fields exist in space between galaxy clusters. And they determine the minimum energy level in the universe. The expansion of the universe affects the global field more strongly than the local fields. The local field is like a bubble. That form is when energy and matter are. Pack around gravity centers. 

Like. Galaxies and black holes. Because those gravitational centers pull energy around them, the particle evaporation, or quantum evaporation, is slower around those gravity centers. When particles outside those local fields turn energy. Or wave movement faster than particles in the local fields. It can cause an effect that we cannot see. That evaporation form. When quantum fields turn weaker. Energy. 

That comes from the global field pushing local fields and turning their geometry. That quantum wind forms energy shadows that move objects inside those fields. So. When that energy hits the quantum field around the galaxy clusters. It. Forms a similar halo. The sun forms near Earth. The energy of those objects with the minimum energy level. It is not very strong, but there are lots of those objects. Far more. Than in the galaxy clusters. This means that the local fields around galaxies don’t let that energy come through them. 

The local fields are complex internal bubbles that surround stars, star clusters, galaxies, local galaxy clusters, and galaxy superclusters. Those fields make it hard to detect radiation that comes from the space between galaxy superclusters. So that energy can push the galaxy's halo. The halo around galaxies is far heavier. Than. A galaxy. When that halo moves, the galaxy in it moves. The problem is that. The galaxy is the dominant object. But the galaxy is not alone. Along. With the surrounding halos, dwarf galaxies, and star clusters, it forms the local system. The local system. It is very complex. Each dwarf galaxy has its own halo inside the main halo. Those halos are formed of dark matter and visible matter. 

That means other objects around the galaxy move in the same way relatively to the galaxy. So the virtual position of the dwarf galaxies around the massive or full-size galaxies remains the same. Or it's the same relatively to the central galaxy. Because. The local system. Remains in the same form. That means the local system moves as an entirety. The movement is hard to detect. If. The observer is that system. 

This halo is one of the things that makes it hard to detect low-energy objects. Outside. That halo. In the same way as local quantum fields, those halos are multi-layer bubbles that surround single galaxies. Local clusters. And super clusters. 

So if dark energy is the movement in the Higgs field. The next. Question is: What pushes that field into motion? The Higgs field. The base energy field is all around the universe. That field determines the base energy level in the universe. And the expansion of the universe. Causes the effect. The Higgs field turns weaker. This effect pulls energy out of particles. 

"AI-generated picture of the expansion of the universe. Credit: ZARM, Universität Bremen (AI generated)" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

Again, does dark energy exist? That depends on how we determine dark energy. Is it energy? That just cannot. Travel through the galaxy's halo? Or, is it so weak energy or energy that the source is in such a small particle that we cannot separate it? The halo around the galaxy is so bright. That. We simply. Cannot see the radiation that is between galaxies. The problem is that the halo around the galaxy is so high-energy that it covers the energy. That is the particle at almost the minimum energy level. Transmits. In the case of dark energy, we should ask: What pushes energy in motion? Things like stars in the galaxy. And high energy. Shining nebulae cover that weak background radiation. Under. Radiation that comes from stars and other objects. 

The fact is that nobody knows. Dark energy can be a virtual situation that forms when the universe expands. Universe’s expansion. Causes a situation where quantum fields. Around particles turn weaker. That means material, or rather, particles, evaporate faster. This means particles turn into a wave movement. A particle is actually a pack of dense wave movement. The quantum field outside it. Keeps it in form. So when the energy level in the quantum field decreases. 

The energy level. Around the particle decreases. Particle releases wave movement. This increases energy in the universe. At the same time. When. The universe expands. The distance between objects rises. This causes the gravity effect between objects turn weaker. 

Quantum Evaporation. Along. With. A weaker gravitational effect. It can explain dark energy. Then the key problem is this: why is that thing so hard to detect? We should rather say why we cannot see that effect in small-scale systems. Things like galaxies and black holes are gravity centers. They pack energy fields around them. This means that. 

The large-scale quantum evaporation or particle evaporation. It cannot happen near galaxies. This means that the universe’s expansion doesn’t have a direct effect on the field around galaxies. Massive gravitation, along with energy that comes from stars, keeps that local quantum field, at least, more stable than the global field. The global field is the quantum field. Or the Higgs field, which is between galaxy clusters. The universe's expansion affects the global field more strongly than it affects the local field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-energy-doesnt-exist-new-theory-could-rewrite-cosmic-expansion/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field

Radical new theory about dark matter.

   Radical new theory about dark matter.

"An artistic illustration of the mechanism proposed by Professor Stefano Profumo where quantum effects near the rapidly expanding cosmic horizon after the Big Bang gravitationally generate dark matter particles. Credit: Stefano Profumo" (ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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Next quotes are from ScitechDaily

"One idea envisions a hidden “mirror” universe with its own particles and forces, where the early cosmos forged tiny, incredibly dense black hole–like objects that could make up all the dark matter in existence."

"Another proposes that dark matter emerged from the universe’s rapid expansion, born through quantum radiation at the very edge of the observable cosmos during a short but dramatic period after the Big Bang."

"Both possibilities are grounded in established physics, offering testable explanations that carry forward UC Santa Cruz’s tradition of connecting the smallest particles with the largest cosmic mysteries."

(ScitechDaily, Two Wild New Theories Could Finally Explain Dark Matter)

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The new radical theory explains dark matter as it formed in the quantum fields in the young universe. Or in some other, even more exciting versions, dark matter formed in the mirror universe.  This new theory tries to explain dark matter as particles that formed just after the Big Bang. Then some of those particles stayed in a higher energy level than other material. 

We must notice that the matter that we can detect is a minority in the universe. The term "dark matter" means a gravitational effect that has no visible source. There is a model of a hypothetical tachyon particle. That which travels faster than light leaves a track or hole behind it. That channel is like a hole or a tunnel in the 3rd. Dimension. And that tunnel makes those fields move like real particles. But in that model, tachyons must exist. 

"Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature." (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

In the gravitational model, Tc (temperature critical) is replaced by Mc (Mass critical). There could also be a critical density at which this thing works. So maybe singularity in black holes or energy in the event horizon makes the gravity behave like EM-fields interact with superconducting objects. Maybe that effect in gravitational form requires that the object is surrounded by an absolutely slight quantum gravity bubble that aims gravity waves around the object. In that model, the object has a slight quantum field that cannot catch and hang onto the outside quantum field around it. That makes outside fields slide around the object. 

G-(gravity)field and dark matter. There is a model that G-field or gravity waves can exist without material or other quantum fields. That means there are four fundamental interactions. Those interactions are gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear interaction, and strong nuclear interaction. Each of those four interactions has its individual transmitter particle. And those interactions have wave and particle forms. Three of those transmitter particles, bosons, are known. The graviton is missing a transmitter particle.

Each of them can form individual fields. Every single field has individual wavelengths. Wavelength in electromagnetic fields is different from the wavelength in the weak nuclear interaction, for example. All of those fields can exist independently. And that means: gravity- or G-field can exist without other fields. 

There is a model of dark matter that suggests it is the graviton, or an extremely small black hole. The idea is that the particle's spin is very fast. And that can form the effect that looks like a Meissner effect. That spin drives makes electromagnetic fields behave like they behave around the superconducting particle. That thing makes those particles invisible. That means that dark matter is free gravitons. 

Those things are still hypothetical particles. And proving that thing requires that dark matter have a particle form. That means things like axions or weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, are the same thing as gravitons. The graviton is a mythical transmitter particle that transmits gravitational waves. That particle is hard to detect. And harder to confirm. The energy flow around that particle allows it to interact. But the interaction point is too small. Or maybe the graviton is like a neutrino, and maybe it can tunnel through matter. 

Another interesting part of the new model is that. The dark matter comes from some kind of anti-universe. There is a possibility that there is a so-called anti-universe. When our universe, or the universe where we live, expands, that anti-universe falls, or reduces. That causes the idea that maybe time travels backward in that anti-universe. But that is one of the models that requires more discussion. 

The thing is that the anti-universe is the place where material turns younger because its energy level rises. Or maybe, we should say that the energy density in the anti-universe causes matter to turn younger. But can the dark matter be material where time moves backward? 

Is it possible that the dark matter is in the bubble, or the so-called WARP bubble, where it gets more energy than it releases? If WIMP or whatever the dark matter particle can be gets more energy than it releases, that means the particle travels opposite in time than all other particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/two-wild-new-theories-could-finally-explain-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Gravity doesn't begin instantly.

 Gravity doesn't begin instantly.

Gravity, or gravitational interaction, is one of the most powerful and dominating effects of what we know. We can describe gravitational interaction as the process where two particles or objects form a bridge and that bridge or energy tunnel pulls objects together. The size and density of the object determine its gravitational field. 

We can see that large and dense objects have strong gravitational fields. That thing causes an idea that quantum low pressure in the middle of the large particles causes a situation where quantum fields start to travel in the middle of the particle.

The outcoming gravitational radiation causes a thing called a gravity field. The reason why gravitational interaction doesn't begin immediately is that the tunnel where gravitation interacts. This tunnel is the thing that causes gravitational interaction between dark matter and visible matter. The gravitational tunnel must form before gravitational interaction can begin. 

The question is where that gravitational radiation comes from. Of course, we can say that it comes from a particle called graviton. And maybe graviton is the thing that forms interaction between gluon and quark. In that model, graviton could be like a small black hole between gluon and quark. 

In that model, large and dense objects can cover the gravitational nucleus. That thing denies outcoming radiation impact to the gravitational center. This causes situations where gravitational waves can travel longer than in the case of small and non-dense objects. There is no other limit for gravitational effect's distance than other gravitational waves. A large and dense object sends gravitational waves with stronger power than a low-mass object. 

Impacting gravity waves causes the situation that there are forming standing waves in that radiation. Those standing waves adjust gravitational waves into another frequency. Those other four frequencies and wavelengths are other fundamental interactions. 

The reason why gravitational interaction is so weak is in wavelength. But it interacts in long distances is that other interactions. That is wave movement with other wavelengths covering gravitational waves under them. 

Normally we use copper or other metallic antennas that are receiving electromagnetic wave movement. The gravitational interaction has so a short wavelength that it cannot resonate with those atoms in a large area that the resonance is detectable. 

All four fundamental forces are the quantum fields. And if there is only one force in the universe that could explain gravitation like this. When objects send gravitational radiation from the gravitational center. That gravitational interaction pushes other gravitational waves away. Then gravitational waves try to push that outcoming gravitational radiation back in the gravitational center. 

To force the gravitational radiation back into the gravitational center requires. It reaches a higher energy level than gravitational radiation that comes from the gravitational center. That outcoming radiation must store enough energy to make that thing. 

The outcoming gravitational waves that travel into the gravitational center form standing waves. And the height of those standing waves must be high enough. That they can push gravitational radiation back in. So the idea is this. Gravity is the base wave movement. Impacting gravitational waves form higher waves that are weak nuclear interaction, strong nuclear interaction, and electromagnetism. The difference between those forces is only wavelength. 

The gravitational interaction is based on the idea that when somewhere is an electromagnetic shadow. That means that electromagnetic fields start to travel to fill that area. The interesting thing is that gravitation seems to interact oppositely with other quantum fields or fundamental interactions.

The gravitational radiation is one of the biggest mysteries in the universe. That radiation pushes all other quantum fields away from the gravitational center. The thing that causes the pulling effect is the case that quantum fields impact with those gravitational waves. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/gravity-doesnt-happen-instantly/

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

Does dark matter play a bigger role in gravitation than we thought? Is it possible that gravitation does not interact straight with visible material? In some models, gravitation interacts with dark matter. And dark matter acts medium between gravitation and visible material. 

So could dark matter be the lost fifth fundamental force? Or could dark matter be close to that fifth force? If that model is true the fifth force could be interaction between dark matter particles. 

So the model of the gravitational interaction goes like this. 

Gravitation>>>Dark matter>>>Visible materia. 

And the fifth force could be the interaction between dark matter particles. 

This is one question that MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) can answer. Is it possible that dark matter is the thing that pulls particles into the gravitational center? The idea is not very common, but there is a possibility that gravitation doesn't interact directly with matter. The idea is that dark matter acts as a medium. Gravitation affects dark matter that starts to flow through the visible material. And then that dark matter pulls the visible particles into the gravitational centers.

"Artist’s concept of a collection of pulsars that detect gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Evidence That Earth Is Enveloped in Slow-Rolling Sea of Gravitational Waves)

If WIMPs were born in a higher-energy universe, which means before visible matter, time would move differently in those hypothetical particles.

The idea is that WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are very small particles that extremely large quantum fields surround. There are lots of Wimps, and they form a flow that pulls larger particles with them. We know that there is also dark matter on Earth, but because we cannot see those particles or anything else about that strange gravitational effect, we cannot calculate the mass of visible material on Earth.

If WIMPs are real particles, they could look similar to visible particles, but their shape or size is different from visible material. And one of the reasons for that could be that WIMPs were released at a different moment during the Big Bang than visible material. And if those hypothetical WIMPs formed at a moment when the energy level was higher, that means they formed before visible matter. That means time is different in WIMPs, or they exist at a different time than visible matter.

The black holes are gravitational centers. But Earth is also one of those gravitational centers. It's possible that in the middle of Earth is the point where dark matter particles, or WIMPs, are impacting. There is a possibility that the dark matter impacts also form gravitational waves near Earth. That means there are always gravitational waves around gravitational centers. But around Earth, they are much weaker than around the Sun or black holes.

There is the model that Earth is in the center of slow gravitational waves. And the source of those gravitational waves could be dark matter particles impacting in the middle of the Earth's nucleus. 

Could those colliding dark matter particles or gravitons the hypothetical gravitational transportation particles cause a situation in that gravitation is gone at that point? We know that inside all ball-shaped objects is the point where is no gravitation. The thing that causes this thing could be impacting dark matter particles or gravitons. 

Is it possible that Newton's and Einstein's gravitational models are suitable only in extremely strong gravitational fields? That means we cannot make working gravitational models by using regular objects. Only extreme cases where black holes are turning gravitation-dominating can make Einstein's and Newton's models true. 

Near black holes, gravitation closes other forces inside them. The gravitation presses time and space. connecting all fundamental forces into one entirety.  So standard gravitational models like the Theory of Relativity cannot be used to model weak gravitational fields. And that opens the path to MOND. And that forces us to rethink the gravitational effect.

Gravitation breaks at low acceleration And that supports MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). That forces us to reconsider dark matter and gravitation. In those tests, researchers measured gravitational effects on regular binary stars. And they saw that at low accelerations, gravitation doesn't follow the model that Newton and Einstein calculated. That means there is something that forces us to think about gravitation again.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66407099.amp

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/binary-stars-prove-modified-gravity/

https://www.livescience.com/dark-matter-may-cause-milky-way-to-glow.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html

https://scitechdaily.com/conclusive-evidence-for-modified-gravity-collapse-of-newtons-and-einsteins-theories-in-low-acceleration/

https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-that-earth-is-enveloped-in-slow-rolling-sea-of-gravitational-waves/

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/10/subatomic-particle-muon-science-research-fifth-force-nature/

https://www.universetoday.com/41878/wimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

Can we rule out the Big Bang?

The Big Bang was the case, where matter got its form. So it was the beginning of spacetime or was it? Was there dark matter before the universe? 

Unknown things like dark matter and dark energy are causing questions about the universe's begin. In some models, the Big Bang was the case when the dark matter took the shape of visible material. And that thing makes the Big Bang a very interesting thing. Because if that is true the Big Bang was the case where one form of the material turned into another. 

The thing, that makes the Big Bang mysterious is that matter cannot form from emptiness. The Schwinger effect where matter forms from the wave motion, require that the wave motion exists. And there must be some kind of source for the wave motion. 

The Schwinger effect requires that two quantum- or electromagnetic fields are impacting together or some force turns the superstrings turn into a ball-shaped thing. A superstring is a thin quantum field that is traveling in space. The Schwinger model means that the material cannot be without wave motion. And wave motion cannot be without ball-shaped particles. 

The Schwinger effect means wave motion and particles are two sides of each other. So wave motion and particles are the same things. And the thing that makes the Schwinger model very creepy is that the Schwinger effect always forms particles and is anti-particle. So if the Schwinger effect forms the universe, that forms two universes. 

If we think that the black hole turns into an X- or gamma-ray pulsar. It means that its rotational axle turns similar to neutron stars or pulsars. That thing forms an X- or gamma-ray pulsar. If the black hole's rotation axle turns to its equator and the polar spin continues that black hole starts to act like a pulsar. 

But the energy level of that kind of pulsar is much higher than regular pulsars. That thing can form the case where the Schwinger effect can form a material that we cannot see. The idea is that there is a small area in the black hole where is no gravitation. And if the quantum bridge crosses that area the black hole can start to cross its nucleus. 

And then that bridge makes wave motion travel through the black hole. The idea is that the fast rotation motion along with extremely high centripetal force. Make that string antenna that conducts energy out from the black hole. The fact is that the universe is the combination of at least two main quantum systems. The invisible system and the visible system. Or actually, there are at least three different quantum systems. 

*Dark energy: an invisible wave motion. That rips the universe into pieces.

*Dark matter: an invisible gravitational effect. The thing that forms dark matter is unknown. There is suspicion that those things could be some kind of virtual particles. 

*Visible material and wave motion. Those things are forming the visible universe. 

So if dark matter is the virtual particles or so-called wormholes that thing causes an interesting idea. Is the cosmic web the dark matter? If those strings are forming because of the cosmic vacuum channel that explains the dark interaction. In that model, fast-moving particles like electrons can form the electromagnetic- or quantum vacuum tunnel. 

The idea is when an electron moves very fast it pushes quantum fields from its route. In the case, where the second electron follows the first one very close the quantum channel cannot be closed. And if the quantum whirl starts to rotate around that channel, that thing causes the situation where that quantum channel cannot fill. So that thing is called a wormhole if it's true. 

The role of dark matter is one of the things that is interesting. Dark matter is the gravitational effect. That is the only thing that we know about its shape. 

There is a possibility. That dark matter is the virtual particle. That hypothetical virtual particle forms when extremely fast spinning particles are starting to expand. 

When non-elementary particles like hadron spin. The outer quarks move outside from the center quark. That thing expands the length of the quantum tunnels between quarks. And then those quantum bridges are acting like antennas that are harvesting more energy levels to those particles. And that means the energy level and weight of the particles of that fast-spinning hadrons are turning higher. And that material is only too heavy. 

Or there is forming some kind of quantum bubble. Where the energy level or temperature is lower than the temperature of that particle is lower than the environment where they are. If dark matter is a matter that temperature is lower than the cosmic background or even lower than zero kelvin we cannot see that material. 

Or if we think that dark matter is an extremely fast-spinning electron there is a possibility that there are forming holes in that quantum field. In that case, the lower energy bubble pulls energy inside it. And that means if that kind of bubble is stable. It will pull radiation inside it. So that outcoming radiation will keep dwarf galaxies in their form. 

The idea of cosmic inflation is forming the theory that the universe is in a cosmic vacuum. That means energy travels from the higher energy universe to space around it. This thing means that cosmic inflation is the energy flow out from a bubble where all visible material exists. 

https://scitechdaily.com/can-cosmic-inflation-and-the-big-bang-be-ruled-out/

Does time exist?

In some models, time is like some kind of wave motion. Everything that we see happened in the past. So if time is wave motion or some kind of river. That explains why we can see only the past. If we think that the energy level in the past is higher than future. We have a hard-to-send wave motion against that flow. 

If we are raising our energy levels we will make the difference in those two energy levels smaller. And that makes the river of time move slower. So if we want to see to future we must make energy level of some point in future higher than the point where we are. 

The reason, why we see things that happened in the past is that the energy level in the past was higher than it's now and future. Even a microsecond and shorter time units are time. So what would we need to do that we could see to the future? The answer is that we must send wave motion against the flow of that river.

 And that means we must make two points at two different times. And then we must make information travel between those points. Then we must rise the energy level of the point, in the future to higher than the energy level of the point in the past. But that is only a hypothesis. 

But how big a role cosmic inflation plays in time? We know that we can stop time in particles. We can deny them aging by making them travel with the speed that is the speed of light. But the problem is that we cannot stop the aging process perfectly by accelerating particles. The reason for that is that nothing can reach the speed of a photon. And that means that even at the highest possible speed some photons are escaping from the object. So that means we can make particles younger than they should but we cannot stop aging. Or can we? 

By thinking otherwise the speed of light is quite easy to cross. We must just think of speed as energy level. But we can think of the speed of light as a relative thing. We can make an electron travel faster than it travels in the medium by using a vacuum. 

And when an electron reaches its maximum speed in particle accelerators we can simply shoot it into water There it sends the blue light flash when it removes its kinetic energy. And that flash can turn other particles into higher energy levels. That thing makes those particles younger until they released their extra energy into the environment. 

By stabilizing the higher energy level and making particles younger the system must get outside energy stress that increases the energy level of the quantum system. But when the energy stress ends those particles send extra energy outside them in the form of radiation quantum. 

In this text, we are talking about the thing that affects also space. In that case, time is a real thing that affects both matter and the environment. We certainly know that time is not a ringing alarm clock that wakes us in the morning. The time is the loss of energy in cosmic inflation. When the universe expands that causes the particles are vaporizing or turn to wave faster and faster.

When the universe expands the space expands, and the number of particles is the same all the time. So the distance of the particles will turn longer and longer. 

That thing makes that quantum fields will not push particles with the same strength. And that thing causes that material turns to waves faster and faster. So the interesting thing about this model is that speed of light is always getting higher and higher. When things like photons will impact quantum fields their kinetic energy will be higher than the photons in the past. But otherwise, photons should travel through the quantum fields so that it gets more energy. 

But the thing is that all energy and material were released in the Big Bang. The Big Bang was the thing where material reached the energy level that it turned to the third dimension. The dimension is the energy level of material or wave motion. So there is one interesting theorem about time.

That theorem goes like that this is some kind of radiation. In the young universe, time moved extremely slowly. The energy level of that intensive plasma was very high. And that means the vaporization of the material was very slow.  That means time has a connection with energy. The form of time is a mystery. Even if we know that time is connected with particles and particle-wave duality we don't know if is time some kind of wave motion. If time is some kind of wave motion there is the possibility to travel back in time. 

https://scitechdaily.com/does-time-exist-how-do-we-know/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Strange gravitation.

Strange gravitation. 

The shape of gravitation is a wave motion. And because it's wave motion. That thing means that gravitation acts like all other wave motions. So when wave motion impacts particles their effect is similar to when two cars are impacting. When two objects are impacting the kinetic energy transforms to wave motion. The energy or wave motion that begins from the impact point will travel through the object which can be a car, particle, etc. 

And then that wave motion continues its movement behind the object. If impacting objects are cars people will hear that wave motion as the sound. When that impact happens at the quantum level the impacting wave motion faces the quantum field that forms the particle. And that quantum field moves backward like jelly. Then the wave motion continues to travel behind the object. 

When gravitation hits the nose of the particle the wave motion continues to travel backward of the particle. The reason for that is that energy travels always from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. And that difference between the two energy layers is called the potential difference. When wave motion travels through the quantum system it will deliver or get energy from the quantum system. And that thing causes the material would fall to the gravitational center. 

If the distance between begin and end of the object is long. That means that the system reaches a stable condition longer time. Stable condition or energy stability is the situation where begin and end of the track of the wave motion are the same. And that thing means that the energy flow in the system ends. 

Can the superstring theory explain why gravitation is so weak? 

Superstring theory describes particles as the whisk or yarn ball-looking quantum fields. The superstrings are the wave motion or quantum lightning that form the quantum field. 

The whisk-shaped form where superstrings are traveling over the poles makes the particle can have multiple quantum states at the same time. That thing means that every single superstring can have a different energy level or quantum state, 

The idea is that the gravitational radiation must travel through the superstring that is like serpentine. The catching area of the radiation is very large, but the problem is that gravitational radiation must travel through that superstring. 

When we are thinking about superstring as the paper serpentine the thickness of that paper is not very big. And there is no time to transfer information to the superstring. 

So why gravitation is the weakest of all forces? 

So why gravitation is the weakest of all forces? The answer might be easier than people ever imagine. The idea is that the wavelength of the gravitation waves is so short that the gravitation will impact the superstring. Because a superstring is extremely thin far thinner than some quarks or even gluons the energy difference between two layers is so small that the wave motion travels through that superstring causing an extremely small potential difference. 

The reason why gravitation affects long distances can be that the superstrings are very long. So the area that receives the gravitational wave is so large that it can receive enough gravitational radiation. But the depth of that superstring is so small that the potential difference between the side that is closer to the gravitation source and the side that is away from that source is very small. 

The superstring is like some kind of serpentine. The length of that thing can be very long. But the thickness of those papers is so small. The gravitational effect will affect straight through that superstring, not across it. And that means there is so little time to collect energy. 

The length of the superstring is very long. And also the width of the superstring can be large. but the thickness of that thing is so small that it makes gravitation weak. So catching area for gravitation would be large, but that radiation has a very short time to tunnel through the superstring. And that time will not give time to transfer information or energy to the superstring, 

Wave-particle duality and gravitation. 

The gravitation is the wave motion that behaves like all other wave motions. The limit of the speed of gravitational radiation is the speed of light. So gravitation can make whirls, it can reflect. 

Wave-particle duality means that the gravitation can also take the shape of the particle and otherwise.  And when two very powerful gravitational fields are impacting there is the possibility that those fields are jumping out from each other. In some wild theories, the gravitation can turn even solid if the gravitation field is powerful enough. 

Image: Pinterest

See also:

Black holes¨

Gravitational waves

Graviton

Standard model

Superstrings

Theory of Relativity

Wave motion

What happened during the Big Bang?

Did gravitation turn to the opposite? 

In some visions, the origin of the Big Bang was the case when two crossing wave movements impacted together. That thing caused the effect that the particle formed in the middle of nothingness. There in the absolute emptiness, the expansion of the quantum field of that particle was unlimited. There might be a couple of hypothetical gravitons in that particle. 

But they cannot affect that quantum field that caused the electromagnetic vacuum where the energy of those particles transfers. Then the electromagnetic vacuum ripped all the particles in it into the pieces. That could affect the quarks and gluons ripping them to pieces.

There is the possibility that the quantum field collapsed and the electromagnetic or quantum vacuum pull that wave movement to one point. That causes a powerful impact where those wave movement bites are sending a shockwave to the space around the particle. 

And that thing caused the energy level at that point to turn lower than the space or universe around it. The energy level of that proto-universe before the Big Bang was extremely low. 

And then that weak wave movement couldn't break the expanding quantum field that turned the extreme quantum vacuum or minus universe at that point. So if the fourth dimension exists that extreme quantum vacuum just made the thing that the material in the fourth dimension just released its energy extremely fast and that thig caused the fourth dimension to collapse.

That thing caused the energy level of that material to decrease. And that thing caused that material to drop to our third dimension. When material collapsed to the third dimension. It released its energy as wave movement.  

Or actually, each particle is sending its wave movement ring. When those wave movement rings are crossed they formed the new particles. And maybe those particles are the thing called visible material. The thing that makes the material visible is that its forms at the same energy level as particles that are forming us. That means we can see the wave movement what that material sends. 

The universe before the Big Bang was similar to the space outside the material bubble which we call the universe. The existence of the crossing wave movement requires the existence of the other universes. And maybe we cannot ever prove the thing called the fourth dimension. Because if we are thinking of dimensions as the energy level we must realize that the energy levels of the observer and object must be inside certain limits. 

If the difference between energy levels is too high the observer and object cannot see each other because the wavelength that those observer and object are sending have so different frequencies. That means the size of those objects is different. 

In the absolute emptiness is not things like speed because there is nothing where researchers can compare the speed of the object. A normal universe is not empty. There are always material or other objects. 

The observer can compare an object's speed with many things. Those things are stars, planets, molecules, and electromagnetic fields. 

But those things do not exist outside our universe. Or outside the universe, electromagnetic wave movement travels in one direction. Until it faces the crossing wave movement where particles can form. That means the particle-wave duality turns those wave movements into the balls there is forming new universes or at least new material. But that new material that is forming outside the universe can form new universes or Big Bangs by the effect that is described in this text. 

When we are thinking about the absolute emptiness there is no dust, molecules, or even quantum fields. That means the particles are aging at an extremely high speed because their energy travels to that vacuum.

The thing is that the quantum field cannot push the quantum fields of the particles back in. And that thing causes the energy to fly away from the material. The quantum fields of the material are expanding until outcoming radiation pushes them together. There is no time dilation outside the universe in the absolute emptiness because the time dilation means that the material or particles can load their energy from the quantum fields. But if there are no quantum fields that can transfer energy to those particles they are aging or energy flows away from them. 

But otherwise, there are no quantum fields that can limit the speed of the material, and in the absolute vacuum, the photon and other particles can travel at the same speed. So if we want to face the hypothetical tachyon particles we must travel outside the universe. But that thing can cause a huge explosion when the quantum fields of the atoms of the hypothetical spacecraft will expand too large. In that case, the energy flows away from the material and turns quarks to wave movement. 

The Big Bang

Dark matter

Multiverse

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Does the information have mass?

Well known and unknown photon

Above this text, you can see the droplet that drops into the water. The water droplet spreads on the water surface until the underpressure channel that is formed over it pulls it back again. The droplet pushes the water that acts like a trampoline. 

And finally, you see that when the droplet is back in the air again it forms the underpressure channel under it. And that pulls the pike of water behind it. The thing that denies that the water droplet can be mixed with the water is surface tension. In the quantum world.  The quantum field is acting like surface tension in the molecular world. 

The reflection could be that the photon hits the quantum field. During that act, it releases its energy to the quantum field. That quantum field will start to oscillate and release its extra energy behind the photon. That wave movement causes the effect that is used in spectroscopy. The wavelength of that electromagnetic radiation is the same as the size of the quantum field that sends the radiation. 

So the photon is jumping out from the quantum field. But it releases part of its energy to that energy bubble that surrounds all atoms and subatomic particles in the universe.  

So there is the possibility that the photon is behaving like a water droplet. Photon has no mass, and the reason for that might be that photon cannot interact with the material itself. If the photon is an extremely low-mass particle. There is the possibility that a photon acts similar way to a water droplet. When it hits the quantum field. 

When a photon hits the quantum field of the atom it makes the pothole in that quantum field. Then that quantum field will push the photon back. When a photon travels in space there is also some kind of quantum vacuum behind it. When a photon jumps out from a quantum field the electromagnetic lower pressure or vacuum forms under it and pulls the quantum field behind it. 

When coherent light like a laser ray hits the target the photons are drumming at the same point. And sooner or later they start to tunnel between atoms. That means the photons transfer their energy to the atoms. 

And then that energy transfers to those atoms' quantum fields. And the material always delivers extra energy until it reaches energy stability. The energy stability means that the energy level in those quantum fields is at the same level as the energy level of the material. That causes the quantum fields are transmitting photons and wave movement. 

So, sooner or later that thing pushes those atoms away from each other. The other thing is that the wave movement tunnels itself between atoms. Then it starts to crease. That movement causes the quantum wave away from that superstring. That energy wave causes atoms are pushing each other away from the tunneling channel. 

The thing that makes photon very interesting is that it has wave- and particle forms. That gives a hint. Maybe the photon is like origami or rather creased than the ball. So if the photon is like the bite of the wave movement and it hits the quantum field where is a lower energy level than in photon. It can pull photons straight. If that straight photon impacts with a quantum field the impact area is so small that we cannot recognize it. 

The straight bite of wave movement can travel faster than a photon because the doppler effect is not so strong in that wave movement. But sooner or later the doppler effect will push that wave movement to a ball-shaped or creased snippet of wave movement that we call a photon. 

This thing makes one thing possible. That thing is that the mysterious graviton might be the straight photon. If that thing is possible it causes the thing that dark matter does not exist in the form that we thought. And at least the part of the dark or invisible material is in photons that we cannot observe. 

Diagram: The hypothetical form of the photon can be the right creased wave (1) that can turn straight (2). 

Information itself might not have mass. But the carrier of the information must have some kind of mass. So the photon is formed by the similar superstrings that are forming material. Like superstring theory claims. Also, the photon has mass. And if the photon has a mass that means that the dark matter might not exist in the form of material. 

There is the possibility. That superstrings or photons in some form might have the role of dark matter. And then another thing is that there is the possibility that the so-called "straight photon" is the thing that was called the hypothetical graviton. The graviton or hypothetical carrier-particle of gravitation might be hard to detect because it's the straight wave movement. Or its shape is different than regular particles. 

The small contact area explains why gravitation is so weak. The quantum underpressure area would be so small that they cannot form a visible effect. 

The thing is that information itself might not have mass. But the carrier of the information must have some kind of mass. Information cannot exist in the emptiness. But information can store in the wave movement. And when we are saying that information travels between superpositioned and entangled photons. 

We should say that information travels in the quantum field of superpositioned and entangled photons. So information that is stored in the wave movement will fall into (or on) that quantum field that acts like a quantum-size conveyor belt that transfers that snippets of wave movement ahead. 

The wave movement is like the string. And that string forms all material. So could the dark matter be some kind of string? If material is formed of superstrings those superstrings have mass. And that thing is making it possible that the wormhole can form when the energy level of that superstring is turning too high. 

When we are thinking that information can store in a wave movement we must remember wave-particle duality. That means the wave movement can take the form of a particle and the particle can turn into wave movement. When we are thinking that way we can have the possibility to create the "information rocket engine" that uses straight snippets of wave movement as the exhaust material. 

Could information be the next state of matter? 

There is a possibility that photons have mass because they are formed by wave movement. The photon is the only particle. That can change its form to particle and wave movement automatically. So because the photon has the form of wave movement and particle there is the possibility that the photon is rather like a creased snippet of wave movement than some kind of ball. 

Diagram two is the model of what the photon could look like. There is the possibility that if the photon is in the form of a creased bite of the wave it causes the effect that we know as light. But when the wave movement is in the straight form that thing might make the photon invisible. The reason for that is that. Straight wave movement doesn't cause so powerful interaction that we could see that. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/dark-matter-theory/

https://futurism.com/the-byte/scientist-dark-matter-information

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicist-claims-information-has-mass-and-might-be-considered-a-state-of-matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

How does information travel in quantum systems?

The image above this text introduces the neural network. When information arrives in the neural network that thing faces the prime mover. The information raises the energy level of the prime mover. And that thing means that the prime mover rises to a higher energy level than other individuals in the quantum system. 

Then the energy that contains information starts to flow across the quantum system. Because the energy level of the prime mover is higher than in other places of the system. That means the prime mover turns more dominant. And it causes the oscillation will spread across the quantum system. 

There are two conditions for successful data transmission.

1) The transmitting system must be at a higher energy level than receiving system. 

2)The information in transmission must have the ability to create resonance for the prime mover of the system. 

When a quantum system will transmit information the prime mover must step to a lower energy level. That allows the other participants of the quantum system can transfer their oscillation to the prime mover. Then the prime mover will transmit the information forward. 

The receiving quantum system must be at a lower energy state than the transmitting quantum system. And the particles that are receiving the information must have the capacity to oscillate or resonate with the receiving information. 

Information travels always between quantum systems in the same way. The transmitting system that is at a higher energy level sends wave movement or information. Then the receiving system that is at the lower energy level starts to resonate with the wave movement. At the first, the data bridge forms between prime movers. 

And then the information will start to spread over the quantum system. The reason why extremely cold antennas are most capable to capture signals is that. The lower energy radiation can transfer itself into that antenna. If the antenna is at a higher energy level than the incoming radiation the radiation will get more energy and jump back from the antenna. 

And by the way. Also, black holes can form the quantum system. 

So how the spider net of the wormholes can form? 

Black holes can form the quantum system like all other particles. So information should act in the cloud of black holes as it acts in all other quantum systems. 

The wormholes are an extreme example of information transmission. The information acts in the black hole network as it acts in all other quantum systems. The prime mover or the black hole that is at the highest energy level of the system starts to oscillate. And the oscillation will transfer to other black holes that are at lower energy levels. 

Even if the black holes cannot oscillate and resonate themselves the material disk around them can oscillate and resonate. So the energy that causes resonance in the transition disk will be transmitted to the black hole. And then, it causes resonation or changes in the energy level of the event horizon. 

The idea of the spider net of the wormholes is that the black holes are forming the network that is connecting them with other black holes. That theory was introduced in the 1970s. And the thing is that this kind of thing is one of the most brilliant and also incredible ideas in history. 

In that idea radiation that comes from black holes is making a series of black holes. That is superpositioned and entangled. This theory allows for the transport of information at a very high speed between stars and even galaxies. So the thing is that this kind of thing allows bringing information from long distances by benefiting those black holes. 

Some scientists believe that there is an anti-universe where time moves backward.

The idea of the universe where time moves backward is taken from the theory of the antimatter universe. The parallel-universe or multiverse theory claims that there is another universe or many other universes in space. And some of those universes might form of antimatter. The antimatter universe means that most of the stars and other objects in another hypothetical universe consist of antimatter. 

So why we can't see those other universes? The answer can be that the radiation that comes from our universe turns the radiation that comes from those other universes away from our universe. If the edge of the universe pushes most of the particles and wave movement that comes from other universes away. We cannot see those universes because their radiation cannot reach us. A similar situation is at the edge of our solar system. 

There is a plasma bubble or impact wave at the point where the solar wind impacts with particles that are coming from other stars. That makes us impossible to hear things like a cosmic hum The Voyager spacecraft discovered that cosmic hum when it traveled through that impact wave and left our solar system. A similar plasma wave is surrounding galaxies and the entire universe. 

But how time can travel backward? 

The idea is that another universe or its plasma wave is superpositioned and entangled with our or some other universe. That means the energy travels from our universe to the plasma from our universe. That means that energy travels to that plasma field that transmits it inside the other universe. So that the energy that comes from the plasma bubble. Will be transmitted to the quantum fields of the particles inside that universe. That thing increases the energy level of the material of that another, hypothetical universe. 

Because energy travels in another direction in that universe. The material turns younger because its energy level increases. The aging of material is that the size of the quantum fields of its particles are expanding and the energy level decreases. If energy travels to protons and neutrons they cannot split. And that thing makes the material in another universe forever young. 

That thing could explain why we cannot see that another universe. There is the possibility that the size of the particles in that hypothetical universe is so different than particles in our universe that we cannot see those particles. So the origin of dark matter is can be in another universe. 

If another hypothetical universe is surrounded by a plasma bubble that rotates with the speed of light. There is the possibility that time is stopped in another universe. And if there is pumped extra energy to that bubble. That thing makes time move backward in that universe. 

But when we are thinking about the universe-size plasma bubble that rotates with extremely fast speed. There is little possibility that the seed of that plasma would be the speed of light. The thing that makes this thing possible. Is that the plasma rotates in the space where is no quantum or magnetic fields. The idea is that the plasma is formed of two polar particles that are keeping it as the form. The plasma that orbits the universe can reach the speed of light. And there is the possibility that time is stopped in some other universes. 

And then the energy from another universe impacts that plasma field causing the virtual crossing of the speed of light because the particles that move with the speed of light are getting extra energy. So that thing could form the opposite time dilation like what happens in black holes. The time is starting to move backward if the plasma that orbits with the speed of light gets more energy. And that means there is theoretically possible that there are universes where time moves backward. 

https://www.learning-mind.com/there-may-be-a-parallel-universe-that-is-moving-backwards-in-time/

https://nypost.com/2022/03/21/study-claims-an-anti-universe-where-time-is-backwards-may-exist-next-to-ours/

https://www.livescience.com/multiverse 

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

What is the reason for cosmic inflation?

The cosmic inflation means that the environment turns bigger. And the material and radiation remain at the same level. So the expansion of the universe means that there is less material for the size of the space. That thing means that energy travels from material faster all the time. And that means the material is turning to wave movement. 

Material oscillates all the time. When radiation hits protons and neutrons that thing press quarks inside that thing against gluons. Those gluons are acting like springs. They are pushing quarks and their quantum field outside when energy stress ends. When the universe expands the outside quantum field that limits the size of protons and neutrons turns weaker. 

And that thing means that the gluon springs are pushing protons' and neutron's quantum field to a longer distance. When the movement of that quantum field ends and it turns to move inside it leaves photon or wave movement behind it. The reason for that is that. When the quantum field turns to move inside there is a small electromagnetic vacuum behind it. And that vacuum pulls wave movement or photon outside it. 

In an economy, inflation is the case where the value of money is decreasing. But there is also inflation in cosmology. If we think that material is money and space is the environment we should think opposite way than in economic inflation. People usually think that cosmic inflation is a similar thing to economical sciences. 

Cosmic inflation is rather conducted with space than material. The reason for cosmic inflation is that there is more space for material and energy. And the reason for that is the expansion of the universe. The material is interacting with its environment. And when the environment is expanding radiation pressure that keeps material in its form decreases. 

Cosmic inflation means that the density of the material is decreasing. The universe's expansion means that there is less material and wave movement in the area that we call the universe. The three-kelvin cosmic background means that the material will turn to wave movement sooner or later. When we talk about cosmic expansion, we forget one thing. We normally think that universe is like a balloon where is blown air. 

The situation is not like that. The universe is like a balloon in a vacuum. That means energy that comes from inside the universe pushes the edge of the universe outside. So cosmic inflation means that there is more space for the material. And that means it's the thing that it's the material-space interaction that causes that material vaporizes. And the reason for that is that there is less material in a certain space. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

 Physicists are quite sure that the multiverse exists.

Image 1

If somebody wants to say that "certainly multiverse" does not exist I must say. That history is full of things. That was "certainly do not exist". Things like exoplanets, exosolar systems, and even other galaxies are mentioned as the product of imagination. Our knowledge of the universe expands all the time. And we must remember that Edwin Hubble found other galaxies in the 1920s during the researched spiral nebulae. 

Long time people believed that the Milky Way was the galaxy and other galaxies orbit it.  Now we know that there are many galaxies in the universe. But the fact is that the reason why those galaxies are spirals is just confirmed. 

The spiral structure of galaxies is the reason for supermassive black holes that are forming that whirl around them. Without supermassive black holes, the formation of the spiral structures is impossible because the supermassive black holes are acting like axel in that structure. 

But is it possible that deep inside the universe is a hyper massive black hole? The size or diameter of those predicted monsters' event horizons is larger than galaxies. The beginning of that theory is in the hypothesis that. 

When the Big Bang happened. A part of the material dropped to the black hole that formed just after the explosion. Some scientists believe that the Big Bang was a white hole where the material was released. 

But then we might say that now we know more things about the universe than ever before. And surely, there are other universes. The reason for that is that universe is a bubble. That formed after the Big Bang. And, of course, there should be other big Bangs and other universes. 

Image 2) Cosmic microwave background (CMB). Note the blue areas which are cold points in CMB.

Three facts support that theory. 

1) The cold spots in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). 

Those cold spots are seen as blue areas in the image. There are suspicions that the reason for those cold areas is the enormous eruptions. 

The caliber of those eruptions is larger than any supermassive black hole can ever create. And one explanation could be that the extremely powerful radiation effect which source is outside the universe is the reason for those blue areas. The source of that energy could be in another universe. 

Because energy cannot form from emptiness. There must be some material that forms energy. And that material must locate in another universe. 

2 Dark flow. 

For some unknown reason, some extremely large galaxy supergroups are flowing in the common direction in the universe. There are two possible explanations for that thing. The other could explain the fark flow by another universe. 

Another explanation is the energy flow that travels outside the universe. And that thing means that the energy will push galaxies in the same direction. 

2.1) Maybe some extremely powerful gravitational effect will make those galaxy groups travel in the common direction. The other universe can cause that effect. 

But there might be giant dark matter clouds. That causes a similar effect. The fact is that the "dark" means that the reason for that flow is unknown. 

2.2) The energy flow outside the universe. Because the energy level of the universe is higher than the space around it. Energy travels from the universe to the lower energy areas. 

So the dark flow can be the reason for some kind of asymmetry in that flow. And the question is there something outside the universe that causes the dark flow? 

3)  The part of dark energy could be the wave movement that hits the halo of the universe. Or maybe dark energy is the wave movement which source is in the other universes. 

The part of dark energy could be the wave movement that hits the halo of the universe. Every single star and galaxy is surrounded by plasma. The size of that ball can be millions of light-years. 

There is the possibility. That also entire universe is surrounded by that kind of plasma. Which is extremely thin. When that plasma is impacted by outcoming radiation. That causes the effect that the material inside it will get energy. 

The plasma ball will also conduct the outcoming energy in the middle of the universe. And if there is some kind of material that can receive that energy it sends it back in the wavelength that is the size of those particles. 

If the source of the radiation is in the particles. Which size is different than particles in our universe. That means we cannot see that radiation. So there is the possibility that other universes are a form of material that is invisible to us. 

If that material has different size particles that make it "dark". Dark matter means material that is invisible to us. And the reason for that. Could be that the quarks of that material are a different size. 

Which is the size of the quarks of visible material is. So the only possible interaction between those particles and particles of visible material is gravitation. 

There is also a theory about "dark Big Bangs". That theory is that even inside our universe is forming new universes. We cannot see those universes because they are formed of dark matter. Even those other universes have existed they might be invisible to us. And there is the possibility that some of those universes are formed of antimatter. Even in our universe is suspected of being the stars and galaxies that are formed of antimatter. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/physicists-multiverse-exists/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Hubble

Image 1: https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/physicists-multiverse-exists/

Big Bang and beyond.

  

 Big Bang and beyond.

So what kind of case the Big Bang was? Was it the release of the subatomic particles from the erupting black hole? In that scenario, energy started to flow away from that Black Hole because it was higher energetic than its environment. 

And energy is flowing to the lower energy areas. The question is: did the Big Bang release material to the universe. Did it turn the existing material into another? And which way did energy flow travel if that thing happened? 

The thing is that energy is always traveling to the lower energetic areas. So the energy balance between the matter and the environment determines which way energy flows. 

If the environment is lower energetic than material energy travels from the material to the environment. And if the material is lower energetic than its environment energy travels to the material. Energy flow continues until the energy levels between particles. The environment is the same. 

Another thing could be that the Big Bang was the energy eruption that pumped energy to the particles that were already existed in the universe. In that case, the energy load from the Big Bang simply turned some particles of dark matter into matter that has formed, as we know it.

The thing is that if we would be formed of dark matter. We would see an empty bubble in the point of our universe. The thing is that we don't know which thing was the Big Bang, except it released the material in the universe. But was it released material or just changed the type of particles to another. 

So there is the third version of the Big Bang theory. And that is that. The energy level of the material that existed near the epicenter of the Big Bang loosed energy. That means the Big Bang formed the empty bubble in the universe. If the big bang released energy flow that pushed the universe empty. That thing could cause that the matter near that bubble lost its energy. 

And then part of the energy of the dark matter traveled in that bubble. Then that thing caused that the energy level of those particles decreased, and the size of those particles changed. That thing could explain. The reason why the form of visible material of the universe looks like a ball. 

What if we would live in a young universe? How long it would take to travel across the universe? The thing is that. If we would live in the young universe there be more scattering and quantum fields so the speed of light would be lower than in the modern universe. Another thing is that the size of particles would be different. And that means there is the possibility that travel across the young and smaller universe takes as long as it takes today. 

The thing is that the energy level of the young universe is higher than the universe that we are seeing. Another thing is that there was more crossing radiation and the material is releasing energy slower the level of single particles than it does now. But the universe itself as an entirety transmitted energy faster outside it than it does today. Today the temperature of the universe is three kelvin. 

And the cosmic background is one of the reasons why the universe is expanding. When the edge of the universe is traveling outside the energy level of the universe is turning lower. That expansion causes that it's not possible to get the energy stability between material and its environment as long the expansion continues. The energy flow from material to the environment is the thing that causes the end of the universe. But if the universe starts to come down its energy level starts to rise. 

And sooner or later the energy is starting to flow back to particles. The thing that determines the direction of the energy flow is the energy level. Energy always travels to low energetic areas as I wrote earlier?

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The encryption algorithm is always more than just Riemann's conjecture.

 The encryption algorithm is always more than just Riemann's conjecture.

The image above: Quadratic formula

(Wikipedia, Quadratic formula)

The simple algorithm quadratic formula is a good explanation of how the quantum computer will handle data. The formula is well-known from college, and it's easy to cut into pieces. So the quantum computer will cut the formula into pieces. And every part of it will send to different routes. That thing makes the work of computers lighter. 

When we are thinking that encryption algorithms are easy to break. We mean encryption that is used only Riemann's conjecture. But if we connect Riemann's conjecture with some other algorithms like quadratic formulas or Euler's equation. That increases the safety of the algorithms.

So the encryption algorithm might look like this: (ASCII-code*(Riemann's conjecture), Euler's equation*...) There are no limits for the type and number of those algorithms. That is connected with Riemann's conjecture. The name of that formula is also Riemann's hypothesis or Riemann's zeta-function. And there might be an answer 1/2. 

But that formula is still useful for prime number generators. And if that is connected with other mathematical functions it can still serve as part of encryption algorithms. 

Have you ever heard the term "jumping algorithm"? In the simplest model, every ASCII mark in the message is encoded by using a unique prime number. But in the higher level of encoding. Every each mark of the message is encrypted by using individual encryption formula. 

When quantum computer simply uses division law. It can make that kind of formula turn lighter. The thing is that this kind of example shows why code-breaking is easier to make by using quantum computers than regular computers. 

The formula that encrypts the message can be like this: (ASCII-code*(Riemann's conjecture)*(quadratic formula)). This thing means another formula that covers Riemann's conjecture. Or maybe Riemann's conjecture will use multiple times. In that case, at the first, the system would multiplicate the ASCII codes of the message. 

The term "double algorithm" means that Riemann's conjecture is connected to another mathematical formula. The fact is that the number of those formulas is unlimited. And they can be any accepted mathematical formula. So the quadratic formula is only an example of the mathematical function formula connected with Riemann's conjecture.  

By using a series of prime numbers. Those numbers are created by using Riemann's conjecture. The thing is that they might be a series of quantum decimal prime numbers. And then the next formula would mess those numbers even more. The thing is that those formulas can be any possible mathematical formula. And the only necessary thing is that the receiving system must have the ability to calculate those calculations backward. 

The thing in secrecy or encryption algorithms is. They are not simple Riemann's conjectures. Those formulas might involve Riemann's conjecture but they are not just those conjectures. High-power computers can break any code in the world. So there is necessary to make the algorithms or mathematical formulas that are making the code-breaking harder. 

And of course, the system can use so-called virtual algorithms. In those very complicated systems, all messages are not using even secrecy. They are using extremely long decimal numbers for hiding data. But only important messages are using the quantum decimal binary numbers. And the mission for that thing is that their purpose is to slow the work of the code-breaking system. 

The idea is that there might be three or five very easy prime numbers that might be from the beginning of the series. The thing is that when the attacking system breaks code. It must test every single prime number to the captured message. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_hypothesis