The new results of Muon g-2 experiments still cause discussions.

“The final (world average) result for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment after a series of experiments at major laboratories. Credit: Physics magazine, American Physical Society” (Phys.org, Final experimental result for the muon still challenges theorists)

The final experiment of the muon experiment. Still challenges physics. The muon g-2 experiment. Still causes discussions. Those anomalies in the Muon trajectory exist. Those anomalies fit into the predicted limit. But they simultaneously continue. And that causes work for theorists. The Muon is a high-energy. And a smaller version of an electron. The anomaly is curvature in the muon trajectory means. That something. That researchers cannot detect. affect the muon itself. Or the magnetic field that controls muons in particle accelerators. This means that there should be something that we cannot predict. 

There is a possibility that: 

1)There is some kind of unknown force that affects muons' trajectory. Maybe that thing is the mythic fifth force. 

2) It’s possible that the particle accelerator that is the low-energy synchrotron creates some kind of mass effect in the middle of it. When a particle runs in the low-energy synchrotron, or ring-shaped accelerator, that thing packs energy in the middle of the ring. That energy can impact the particle. That is in the middle of the synchrotron, and that can form a similar form as some kind of neutron star form. 

The image above. Introduces how plasma field injects energy into black holes. The ring-shaped structures can always inject energy into particles or other objects. In the same way. We can imagine that the synchrotron is in the place of that dark belt. And it transfers energy into an object. That is in the middle of the synchrotron. 

But the energy level in those other reactions is lower. And the energy object, or mass effect, in the middle of the ring-shaped synchrotron could behave in a way that this thing supports the muon g-2 anomaly model. The object in the field doesn’t deliver its energy all the time. The energy level in the particle must rise so high. That. It's higher than in the environment. When the energy level in a particle turns high enough. It can deliver its energy from the equator. Normally, it will deliver energy only from the spin axle. 

“The g − 2 storage-ring magnet at Fermilab, which was originally designed for the Brookhaven g − 2 experiment. The geometry allows for a very uniform magnetic field to be established in the ring.” (Wikipedia, Muon g-2)

This means the energy that this particle delivers must break the magnetic fields in the accelerator. And that requires that the particle or object can store enough energy in it. In that model, the object delivers its energy from the equator. That which affects the muons' route in pulses. And those pulses can explain the curvature in the muon’s trajectory. 

The particle in the middle of the synchrotron can have more mass when it gets symmetrical energy loads. And then that particle, whose energy level rises. Can change the muon trajectory. When energy impulses hit that particle, it sends it from its poles. That effect is similar to relativistic jets. But it's on a much lower energy level.. That can cause an anomaly in the magnetic field. 

3) The muon can collide with dark matter. Those things are one of the things. That causes grey hair for researchers. 

The remarkable thing is that the muon g-2 anomaly happens in the low-energy synchrotrons. This means that it's possible that the accelerator form. Some kind of mass center in the middle of it. These kinds of mass centers can be seen. Only in the low-energy accelerators. In high-energy systems, the kinetic energy is in those particles. And their speed will be too high, and those mass centers will not be detected. Or, they cannot affect those particles in the way that those sensors can detect them. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-experimental-result-muon-theorists.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_g-2

The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.

 The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.

Controlling complex systems requires that system operators have complete knowledge of the system and its interactions.

The problem with error correlation in quantum computers is that the qubits and quantum systems are much more sensitive to outside effects than binary computers. The other problem is that the anomaly that causes a calculation error can also happen during the second calculation. Things like gravity waves are global anomalies that affect all quantum computers. And that thing means that all quantum computers can calculate wrong at the same moment.

The big problem is also that quantum computers are the only things that can check and find errors in another quantum computer's solutions. Binary computers make the same 45-year calculations that quantum computers can make in seconds. And that thing means that outside things like torrents of gravity waves can destroy all the results that the Quantum systems produce. And the problem is that those outside effects can cause anomalous functions in all quantum computers in the world.

Things like changes in the gravity fields on Earth can also affect qubits. And that means the portable quantum systems might need information about the gravity field's strength so those quantum systems can calibrate themselves.

"Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists developed a new method for producing circularly polarized single photons, paving the way for advancements in quantum communication and a potential ultra-secure quantum internet. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Illumination: Advanced Device Generates Single Photons and Encodes Information) 

The system can make bubbles in quantum fields or qauntum layers using photons. Those things can help to transport information between superpositioned and entangled photons and electron switches.

"Artistic illustration depicts magnetic excitations of cobalt-phthalocyanine molecules, where entangled electrons propagate into triplons. Credit: Jose Lado/Aalto University" (ScitechDaily.com/Tricky Triplons: Scientists Create Artificial Quantum Magnet With Quasiparticles Made of Entangled Electrons)

The next-generation quantum computers require very good, and very accurate ability to control multi-state and multi-layer systems.

The next-generation quantum computers can use multiple multi-state qubits. Those qubits can be networks of triplons. And systems that can create photon pairs. The photons are between those electrons in quantum magnets, called quantum triplons. And that system can make more powerful and portable quantum computers possible. The network of superpositioned photons and electrons is extremely difficult to handle. The system must have the ability to create single photons that it can put between those electrons.

And then information must be transported from those electron pairs to the sender photon, which is in quantum entanglement and superpositioned on the receiving side. The ability to make photons interact with wave movement makes it possible to stop photons at the precise point between electrons. Then the system must drive energy to that photon so that it can create superposition and quantum entanglement with some other photon.

Then the energy level of the transmitter side of the quantum entanglement will rise higher than that of the receiving side. And the system can start to drive information into that system. The receiving part just pulls energy away from the receiving side. The key element in quantum systems is that the transmitting or active side in superposition must be at a higher level.

If superpositioned and entangled particles are at the same energy level, standing waves between those particles push them away. The electron pairs can transmit energy away from the receiving side, which helps to keep the difference in energy levels in superpositioned and entangled particles.

The ability to create lots of single photons allows the system to replace photons that flew away when the quantum entanglement reached the same level. The network-based, ultra-small systems are extremely complicated to handle. The system might have multiple quantum states, like photon and radio wave states. The system must know precisely the energy level of the qubits before they can transport information.

Things like gravitational waves and even differences in Earth's gravitational field make it possible that there are differences between real and calculated values in qubits. That thing destroys the information that the qubit should transport because the receiving system doesn't know at what level or state the system loads the information.

The quantum computer is 45 years faster than any binary computer. That is both the biggest opportunity and the biggest weakness in quantum computing. Only another quantum computer can check the calculations that those extremely powerful systems can make. Of course, it is possible to perform the calculation twice. However, the problem is that there could be some anomaly that cannot be predicted during the second calculation. Things like gravitational waves that can shake the qubits are collective anomalies. They affect all Quantum computers at the same time.

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-illumination-advanced-device-generates-single-photons-and-encodes-information/?expand_article=1

https://scitechdaily.com/tricky-triplons-scientists-create-artificial-quantum-magnet-with-quasiparticles-made-of-entangled-electrons/?expand_article=1

https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2023/08/26/the-ability-to-make-single-photons-is-vital-for-quantum-computers/

There is no need for a fifth force to explain dark energy.

Even if chameleon forces exist, they are extremely hard to detect. The reason for that is that those hypothetical forces are connected with all other forces. And they are like carrier waves that are putting those other forces moving. 

There is the possibility that the fifth force is virtual. That means it could be some well-known force that has some source or form that we don't know or we haven't seen yet. 

The mythic fifth force that will connect all other forces is still unreachable. The fact is that the new evidence shows that the chameleon force is a myth. And it's not even existed. We don't need chameleon force to explain dark energy. Dark energy can be something like some kind of electromagnetic "hum". 

There is the possibility that the cosmic hum that Voyager 1 found can be the thing that explains dark energy. When that monotonic wave motion hits plasma the energy level of the particles rises until that energy can break out from the particle. That requires the energy level of the particle rises to a higher level than stressing electromagnetic radiation.

When that radiation or wave motion comes out from the particle. It impacts incoming wave motion. That causes whirls in those impact points. Whirls of wave motion are acting like real particles. So that's why those whirls are called "virtual particles". 

When wave motion travels in space there is another wave motion that impacts it. When two wave motion lines with the same frequency are impacting each other they are acting like lasers. That thing is called maser (or laser if the wave motion is visible light)-emission. That means the growth of spontaneous strength of the wave motion when energy impacts it. 

What is the chameleon force, if it exists? Possible the chameleon force is virtual, as I wrote at the beginning of this text. 

The legendary Muon G-2 anomaly stays. And that's it. But nobody knows what causes that mysterious anomaly. So could that thing happen when Muon hits the dark matter particle, or did it touch the wave of dark energy?

Chameleon force is the myth. It's the legend of the "carrier wave" that will carry all other transporter particles or force carriers. Unlike all other forces, the chameleon force would have only a wave-motion form. But then we can return to the top and say that the chameleon force does not exist as a "real" force. 

But there is one exciting possibility. And that thing is that the fifth force is the virtual effect or virtual force. That means it could be the wave motion that is left from open superstrings. Or some kind of shadow that forms when superstrings are undulating. 

But that strange fifth force doesn't explain dark energy. The thing that makes dark energy interesting is that it's dominating. But nobody sees it. And that thing makes dark energy so interesting. The fact is that dark energy doesn't require a fifth force for existence. 

Dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. And that thing is all that we know about that strange thing. The source of dark energy is a mystery. But maybe someday we can solve that mystery. 

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/chameleon-force-new-dark-energy-experiment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_g-2

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

Could the standard model of physics crack?

In the image above the hypothetical graviton is connected to the Standard model. It forms the new group of bosons. And that group is tensor bosons. The scalable bosons are proven when the Higgs boson is found. But we know that there might be many unknown particles. 

And in some visions, the graviton is a particle that orbits other elementary particles. The graviton would be the particle form of the gravitational waves. And it forms because of the wave-particle duality of the gravitational waves. 

So what is the direction of the gravitation? 

If we think that the gravitation is like a light that has the particle and wave movement form we might understand the direction of the gravitation. 

When the wave-form gravitation hits the graviton. That is the particle form of gravitation. That causes scattering in the wave-form gravitation. 

That scattering makes the electromagnetic or quantum shadow between that graviton and particle. And then that thing would just pull the quantum field of the particle that could be quark or any other particle. That movement moves the quarks to that quantum low-pressure area. And because the graviton moves the quarks that thing moves atoms. 

The graviton could be the orbiter of quarks and electrons. (Or maybe it orbits all elementary particles). 

There is the possibility that the graviton orbits other elementary particles. If that thing is true. The companion particle that orbits other elementary particles could explain the Muon G-2 anomaly in Brookhaven and Fermilab. It can also explain why W-boson is 0,1 times heavier than it should be. If we think that all elementary particles have an orbiter. That thing causes an anomaly in the trajectory of high-speed electrons and muons. 

If we are thinking that the small particle is orbiting electrons and other elementary particles we can understand why mysterious gravitons are hard to detect. So graviton would be a similar elementary particle with electrons and quarks. The origin of the graviton would be in the wave-particle duality in the gravitational waves. 

And if we think that graviton is the companion particle that orbits quarks and electrons. That thing means that when gravitational-wave impact those particles. They are starting to stretch the quantum field of the particles. That thing makes the quarks move in a certain direction. If the graviton is the companion particle with almost all of the elementary particles. That explains why its effect is neutral. 

Also, the electron's ability to send the photon or light quantum while it is changing its direction. Can be explained by the companion particle. The quantum field of the fast-moving electron turns strong. And then the particle that follows the electron would act like a car trailer when the car moves at high speed on a curved road. The particle that follows the electron touches the quantum field of the fast-moving object and then it sends the light quantum when the energy level of that particle turns too high. 

The graviton could be the "dark photon". 

That thing means that it probably cannot move electrons. But it can move the quarks inside protons and neutrons. So the graviton might have a similar shape to photons. It might have wave- and particle forms. 

If the speed of the particle raises near the speed of light. That causes an electromagnetic vacuum behind it. And that hypothetical but predicted particle would follow the particle. During the collimation of electrons and positrons, the small particle is extremely hard to detect because the impact causes energy and particle cloud where that extremely small-mass particle is hard to separate.

The case that some particle is following the electron or some other elementary particle in the particle accelerator could explain, why electrons are stretching when they are traveling in that magnetic trajectory. The following particles along with electromagnetic or quantum vacuum make it possible that the quantum field of the electron and other elementary particles is starting to stretch backward. 

What is the origin of dark matter? Is it graviton?

This thing is an endless question. Dark matter is the gravitational effect that is dominating the universe. Sometimes researchers are thinking that dark matter is the source of dark energy. But let's talk a little bit about the origin of dark matter and how its source could be gravitation itself. The fact is that. We almost know that gravitation is wave movement. Or at least gravitational waves exist. So the particle-wave duality is possible in gravitational waves just like it's possible in photons and quarks. 

And that means that gravitational waves can turn into a particle called the graviton. So why graviton is so hard to detect? There is the possibility that graviton is orbiting some elementary particles like electrons and quarks. Or it can orbit each of the elementary particles. The companion particles of the elementary particles can explain the Muon G-2 anomaly in Fermilab and Brookhaven. 

https://www.livescience.com/heavy-w-boson-measurement-cracking-standard-model

https://www.quantamagazine.org/fermilab-says-particle-is-heavy-enough-to-break-the-standard-model-20220407/

https://www.space.com/dark-matter-origin-gravity-theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

Why G-2 anomaly the first time is seen in Fermilab?

There are two possible explanations for the Muon G-2 anomaly.

1) The unknown natural force affected that particle

2) Particle impacts with some unseen particle. So could that impact be the interaction between the dark matter particle? 

The theory of axions bases the idea that this hypothetical particle forms thing, called dark matter. There is the possibility that dark matter is a material that has an extremely large quantum field with visible material. So similar but more high-energy quarks are forming that material. There is also the possibility. That the hypothetical axions are like some other well-known particles. That have different shapes or different sizes. 

In some theories, the Big Bang that forms the visible universe was the collapse in the energy level of dark matter.  When something caused the quantum fields of dark matter to collapse they send the radiation. So the dark matter could be a higher energetic material that has a larger quantum field than visible material. 

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The Muon G-2 anomaly challenged the Standard model of physics. The reason why that anomaly is seen in the Fermilab. And other low-energy particles accelerators are an interesting thing. 

In high-power particle accelerators, the effect that changes the trajectory of the particle must be far stronger than in low-energy particle accelerators. The thing that can change the trajectory of the particle can be the impact with another particle or it can be some kind of power- or quantum field. 

When a particle accelerator accelerates a particle that particle acts like all other moving objects. The speed increases the kinetic energy and mass of the particle. So we can use a car as an example. What happens in a particle accelerator when the particle's speed is rising very high. When the car moves at a very high-speed impacts something that car continues in its track. 

In the same way, the side wind effects are less strong if the car is moving at high speed. The side coming effect must be stronger than the kinetic energy of the car that it can affect the track of the vehicle. In the same way, when the car impacts something the energy asymmetry in the body must be so strong that it can change the car's track. When a car impacts something that impact causes the soundwave, thermal wave, and debris. 

The same way happens in particle accelerators. If the speed of the particle is too high when it impacts something the particle just crushes its opponent. But that impact doesn't happen without a trace. The impact with another particle causes wave movement and debris. Those things are called virtual particles. The virtual particle is the bubble in the quantum field. 

So the virtual particle is not forming from emptiness. There must be some kind of quantum field that forms those strange fields. So is the source of the virtual particles in CERN the impact with the dark matter. When the extremely fast-moving particles are moving in particle accelerators there are forming so-called ghost particles. So could the origin of the ghost particle be the yet unknown particle? 

Se also:

Big Bang

Dark energy

Dark matter

Muon G-2 anomaly Fermilab

The standard model of physics