Showing posts with label quantum interactions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label quantum interactions. Show all posts

Friday, August 29, 2025

Spacetime’s two faces can look similar, but they are not the same.

 Spacetime’s two faces can look similar, but they are not the same. 


"This animation of DESI's 3D map of the large-scale structure in the Universe, the largest such map to date, was created with the intention of studying dark energy and its possible evolution. However, although they found evidence for dark energy evolving, that's likely due to the assumption that it's dark energy's evolution that's causing the discrepancies in the data compared to our standard cosmological model. This is not necessarily the case." (BigThink, Ask Ethan: Is dark energy no longer a cosmological constant?)

Can the dark energy be some kind of cosmic constant? 


There is one thing that can interact with dark energy. That is another dark energy wave package. When those wave packages impact, that thing can form the shockwaves. That can increase the dark energy’s energy level. But if De Sitter space impacts with anti-De Sitter space, can that image also introduce that thing? 

One of the key elements in quantum models is this: when something goes in a certain direction. Somewhere, something moves in the opposite direction. That is the model of the Arrow of time. And if we want to expand that model in the superstring theory, we can think that when energy moves in the hollow superstring, that means energy moves in the opposite direction on that string’s shells. That forms wave movement in that string’s shell. Those waves form a quantum vacuum. Behind those waves. And can that vacuum be the mysterious negative energy? And can that thing be the negative energy? Or maybe the dark energy? 

The energy level and density of the object determine the strength of the dark energy interaction with visible particles and energy. That means dark energy is not homogeneous. There is a model that black holes can transform matter into dark energy. That explains cosmic hickups. This means dark energy can interact with matter, like gravity interacts with particles. That could mean that the dark energy is the mythic negative energy.   

The question should be: Can the interaction between dark energy be stronger in some places than in others? Near objects with high density, dark energy might have higher interaction than in places where density is low. The high energy level means that energy density is higher. Than in low-energy places. In a high-energy area, dark and visible energy interaction should be stronger. Near black holes, dark energy should have the strongest possible interaction. 

However, in very dense and hot objects, visible energy is obscured by dark energy under it. That means we should know how much energy material that falls into the black hole forms. And then we should calculate visible energy, or wave movement into that energy level. And if we measure higher energy levels, that means the dark energy produces that extra energy. Practically, that is very hard to make. 

Dark energy should be denser in some areas than in other places. Black holes should pack that energy into a denser form. Gravity centers also pull dark matter inside them. That means there are axions or WIMP collisions . And that should create wave movement. It could be that the dark energy source is the dark matter particle collisions. But those hypothetical WIMPs and axions are theoretical particles. Maybe dark energy interacts more strongly near high-energy objects.



The universe is part of spacetime. That means there should be an antiverse. The place where everything goes oppositely. When something moves in some direction, that means that thing’s mirror image or particle should move in the opposite direction. The idea of the anti-universe and the universe is taken from the supernova explosions. Those explosions from the time glass-shaped structures. And that means the Big Bang should create two universes.Same way, when a superstring moves in the space-time, it moves things around it in the opposite direction.  

“In mathematical physics, n-dimensional de Sitter space (often denoted dSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant positive scalar curvature. It is analogue of an n-sphere, with a Lorentzian metric in place of the Riemannian metric of the latter.” (Wikipedia, De Sitter space)

“The main application of de Sitter space is its use in general relativity, where it serves as one of the simplest mathematical models of the universe consistent with the observed accelerating expansion of the universe. More specifically, de Sitter space is the maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein's field equations in which the cosmological constant” (Wikipedia, De Sitter space)

So if there is a so-called Anti-De Sitter universe or anti-De Sitter space, that thing can pull De Sitter space into it. In that case, impacting De Sitter and anti-De Sitter forms the parabolic or hyperbolic curves. When those curves impact. That impact can form a wave movement across the spacetime. The idea is that mirror-spaces also pull each other together. And they act like matter and antimatter. 

“In theoretical physics, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence (frequently abbreviated as AdS/CFT) is a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories. On one side are anti-de Sitter spaces (AdS) that are used in theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT) that are quantum field theories, including theories similar to the Yang–Mills theories that describe elementary particles” (Wikipedia, AdS/CFT correspondence)

There is a possibility that there are two universes. Those universes might look similar, but their interactions are opposite. Same way, if negative energy exists. That energy can cause a similar interaction with the visible energy. Positive energy pushes things away. Negative energy pulls positive energy to it. The negative energy can look like positive energy, but its interaction is opposite. That is the energy dualism. Or energy has two faces. Those faces look the same. But they are not the same. Spacetime might have two faces. Spacetime is the space where we live. 

The nature of dark energy causes discussions. That means dark energy can be something very extraordinary to us. Can dark energy be so-called negative energy? Could that thing be true? The idea is that the negative energy could be the quantum vacuum that forms behind the superstrings? When superstrings travel through the universe, that thing is like all other strings. There should form a small quantum low region behind that thing. 

There is a theory about the universe and the anti-universe. In that theory, when something goes forward in the quantum world, something goes opposite in some other place. When time moves forward. In our universe, in another universe. Time moves backward. If we think about string theory and the model of hollow superstrings, we must realize that when energy moves in some direction in the superstring, that means the energy moves in the opposite direction at the string shell. This is the idea of the time arrow. And that can be the key also to dark energy. 

If we follow that model, the negative energy can seem like regular energy. If negative energy moves as pulses, that means. Its interaction looks like a visible energy interaction. When energy or wave movement travels in the universe, energy moves to those waves that are like strings. That means the string sends its extra energy to the environment. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-energy-no-longer-constant/


https://www.livescience.com/mirror-universe-explains-dark-matter


https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/black-holes-that-transform-matter-into-dark-energy-could-solve-cosmic-hiccups-mystery/ar-AA1L7eEL?ocid=BingNewsSerp


https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-two-faces-of-space-time-20240925/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdS/CFT_correspondence


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-de_Sitter_space


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Sitter_space


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_energy


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Friday, July 4, 2025

Hunting the fifth force.




"Physicists are pushing the boundaries of the Standard Model by investigating the possibility of a fifth fundamental force using ultra-precise measurements of calcium atoms. By comparing subtle energy shifts in isotopes, researchers hope to uncover signs of new physics that could help explain the universe’s hidden mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Close In on the Fifth Force That Could Unlock the Mystery of Dark Matter)


Researchers search for the fifth force. The fifth force can be the thing that we know as dark energy and dark matter. There are four known interactions or forces in the universe. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear interactions, or, forces. There is a possibility that the fifth force is the opposite of gravity. So that causes a question: can there be material without the fifth force? 

That fifth force can be the mirror-gravitation. Normal gravity has only pulling ability. And that means the fifth force can have only a pushing effect. There is a model that the color charge, or, using other words, we can say quantum colors can have similar interactions with the fifth force. 

The quantum color between gluons in the strong interaction can open the fifth force to us. That means there should be something that causes the repelling effect between quarks. The model goes like this. If we use the weak interaction as a model we can say that there are two gluons between quarks just like there are W and Z boson pairs between protons and neutrons. That gluon pair creates the quantum low pressure between those quarks. When those gluons orbit each other they simply harness energy fields into them. And then they transfer that energy into the quarks around them. That electromagnetic low-pressure can be the quantum gravity, or gravitational quantum dots. And the quantum gravity model goes like this: the gravity forms of the quantum dots and those quantum dots are entirely called gravity centers. The number and density of those quantum dots determine the strength of gravity. 

“Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue. Additionally, there are three "anti-colors", commonly called anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Unlike electric charge, color charge is never observed in nature: in all cases, red, green, and blue (or anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue) or any color and its anti-color combine to form a "color-neutral" system. For example, the three quarks making up any baryon universally have three different color charges, and the two quarks making up any meson universally have opposite color charges.” (Wikipedia, Color charge)



(Wikipedia, Color charge)




"An animation of the interaction inside a neutron. The gluons are represented as circles with the color charge in the center and the anti-color charge on the outside." (Wikipedia, Color charge)

“Quarks have a color charge of red, green, or blue and antiquarks have a color charge of antired, antigreen, or antiblue. Gluons have a combination of two color charges (one of red, green, or blue and one of antired, antigreen, or antiblue) in a superposition of states that are given by the Gell-Mann matrices. “ (Wikipedia, Color charge)

When a quark takes enough energy it releases that energy as wave movement. That means the fifth force is the force that destroys the atoms. There is a possibility that somewhere is a force that interacts directly between quarks without gluons. Or there is also the possibility that quarks can repel gluons. And what happens if quarks push gluons away from their position? 

Can quantum color hide the fifth force? In quantum chromodynamics, CQD quarks and gluons have a so-called quantum color. Gluons can have one of three quantum colors blue, red, and green. Anti-quarks have opposite quantum colors anti-blue, anti-green, and anti-red. The strong interaction is the interaction between quarks and gluons. The gluon is the boson that connects the quarks together. And transmits the strong nuclear force. The gluon’s color charge is a little bit different from the quark’s color charge. 

The gluon’s color charge is a superposition of the quantum color and anti-color. The green and anti-green for example cannot form gluons, or they cannot exist in the same gluon.. So gluon has two heads, for example, blue and anti-green. So the quark is blue-antigreen. As you see in the diagram below. When we see that the blue quark emits the blue-antigreen gluon we can ask if the fifth force release happens in that process. 

This is why the strong nuclear interaction is also known as the color force. That color is similar to the electromagnetism in electrons. That means the quantum color is one thing that keeps quarks in their entirety called hadrons. In traditional models, the atom’s core and electron shell interactions are described as a whole. There is a possibility that the neutron’s interaction with electrons is different from that of protons. That means a neutron sends some kind of energy impulse to the electron and pushes it away. That means some of those quantum colors can interact with electrons. 


https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-close-in-on-the-fifth-force-that-could-unlock-the-mystery-of-dark-matter/


https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/particle-physics/content-section-6.2


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction



Dark energy could be something incredible.

 Dark energy could be something incredible.  "The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is mounted on the U.S. National Science Foundati...