Negative time is measured in photons.

“A quantum physics experiment showed photons can exhibit negative dwell time while traveling through atoms. Scientists confirmed the phenomenon using weak measurements that minimally disturbed the system. Credit: Shutterstock.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Have Measured “Negative Time” in Bizarre Quantum Experiment)

The measurement was made when photons traveled through the radium atom cloud. In that measurement, the photons arrived at the goal. Before they should. This thing happened. Because at some point, those photons crossed the speed of light. That point is the radiation field around those radium atoms. This means that. The speed of light is different. In that radium atom cloud than outside it. The radium is highly radioactive material. Those atoms send gamma rays. This is the reason. For why that time effect is seen in radium atom clouds. But not in stable atom clouds. 

There is also beta and alpha decay. But in this case, the key element is the gamma rays. Those gamma rays change entropy in the system. And that forms space. There, the speed of light differs from the environment outside that atom cloud. In normal cases, the speed of light is always the fastest. Or, nothing can travel faster than a photon. But the speed of light depends on the environment. In vacuum, the speed of light is 299792458 m/s. In water, the speed of light is 225000000 m/s. 

The lack of entropy makes it possible to create the “hyper drives” and tractor beams. And in the radium atom cloud. Gamma rays can decrease the entropy. And they can also transfer energy to those photons. 

Crossing the speed of light. It is quite an easy thing.  Researchers must only form space. Or an environment where the speed of light is faster than around it. The idea of the wormhole, or the Einstein-Rosen bridge, is this. The entropy in that environment is lower than the entropy outside it. And that allows light to travel faster. Than outside it. In the same way, near black holes. 

Light can travel faster than outside it because quantum whirl around that object decreases entropy. The black hole rolls quantum fields inside it. The whirl around it decreases crossing entropy. And the reason why nothing can escape is the energy that comes back from the object. When we think about space and time (spacetime) in the universe. That environment is full of whirls. Rocket engines pull against those whirls. Without those whirls. The engine pushes against nothing. Without resistance, the engine cannot create thrust. 

The reflected energy pushes them forward. If there are no whirls in the quantum fields. The rocket engine cannot push against them. Things like sci-fi stuff like hyperdrive and tractor beam (pulling rays) will just remove entropy from the front of the craft. Or the tractor beam would make a very low-energy channel with minimum entropy. And if there is a higher-energy bubble ahead of the object than the receiving object. That bubble pushes the object into that channel. The craft cannot escape. Because there is nothing the rocket engine can push against. 

In the same way, things like “hyperdrives” form an area. There. The entropy is minimal. The system. It can use the gamma rays to create a tube. There, entropy is very low. That gamma-ray tube pulls the craft into it. 

So, if we want to cross the speed of light, we must just shoot a particle into water. By using a speed higher than the speed of light in water. In the same way, when particles arrive in the atmosphere. They can hit air at a speed higher than the speed of light in the air. When a particle slows down. It must remove its kinetic energy. We see that thing as a blue light flash. Known as Cherenkov radiation. This is why the sky is blue. And the Cherenkov radiation is the reason for the blue glow around the nuclear reactor. The entropy. Or chaos in the system is one of the reasons. For why photons cannot travel faster than they do. The quantum fields in the vacuum are full of whirls. 

That means that the quantum fields are full of energy hills and energy valleys. The lower energy areas. Around those, quantum fields pull energy out from particles. So, gamma rays from radium atoms remove some part of those whirls. That decreases entropy. And this means that. The photon that traveled through that atom cloud traveled faster. Than it should. The idea of the wormholes is also simple. The Einstein-Rosen bridge forms the environment or quantum tube; there, radiation travels in one direction. As I just wrote. 

The Einstein-Rosen bridge is the environment. There, the entropy is minimal. When radiation travels only in one direction. The entropy. Or disorder in the system will not break or pull energy out from particles. 

So, measurements. Did not match the calculations. Those things might seem very small. But over long distances, measurements required extreme accuracy; things like radioactive materials can distort the results. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-have-measured-negative-time-in-bizarre-quantum-experiment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://medium.com/@TVvman/negative-time-is-measured-in-photons-7bc73ea0592c

Why can't we fit quantum models and gravity together?

Electroweak interaction (Or electroweak mechanism). And its effect on gravity. And the electroweak interaction effect in the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) 

“In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies. The theory. Models them as two different aspects of the same force. Above the unification energy, on the order of 246 GeV, they would merge into a single force. Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 1015 K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.” (Wikipedia, Electroweak interaction)

Is it possible that gravity is not one single force? Could there be some other phenomena that interact like gravity? Things like a cosmic void. They can cause a similar effect to gravity. 

In the electroweak reaction. The atom core. It sends an energy impulse to electrons. This energy impulse loads extra energy into those electrons. And then those electrons send photons. So, if we want to have a strong interaction with that process. We must say that gluons, the strong interaction transporter, send an energy impulse to the proton and neutron quantum fields. 

That energy impulse loads energy in those quantum fields. We see that energy interaction. As a weak nuclear force. Then those protons and neutrons send their extra energy into the electrons. When electrons send a photon. For a short time, there is a quantum low-energy area, or quantum low-pressure, around those electrons. 

The same type of quantum low-pressure form. Around protons, neutrons, and quarks, when they sent photons. And in that process, the electromagnetic fields that fill that quantum low-pressure region. It can transport particles and wave movement with it when it fills that point. This model. Increases the electroweak mechanism to all other fundamental interactions. 

Hunting of the graviton. Missing gravity transportation particles. 

If the graviton exists, that explains why gravity is so special. It explains the black holes as giant gravitons. The ultimate form of the hypothetical quark stars. In that model, the black hole forms when the internal structures of the singularity strip quantum fields from around gravitons. In this mode. The graviton. It is a quantum-sized black hole. And all elementary particles are bubbles that form around gravitons. 

Theoretically, making gravity models is easy. We can say that particles spin and bind energy to them. But then we are in trouble: how to prove that model? The way to prove this model in real life is more complicated. Gravitation is a weak force. So, the other three, electromagnetism and weak forces, will cover it. And because of that, quantum gravity is a very hard thing to observe. But then. We can see two very interesting questions. 

A) Could gluon be the mythic graviton? 

B) Could gravitation be more than one effect? There is a very long list of things that could cause similar effects to gravitation. 

1) Cosmic voids. 

2) Electromagnetic shadows. 

4) Different energy levels in particles. 

5) Material evaporation. 

6) Electromagnetism and all three other interactions. 

7) Spiral-shaped electromagnetic fields. 

And many other things can cause things that seem like gravity. Sometimes some reseachers say that gravitation is only a virtual force. Or maybe gravitation is the strong nuclear interaction. And that means gluons could be the mythic graviton. The gluon evaporation could interact. Like gravitation. But could the gluon be the graviton?

The strong interaction. Affects very short distances. But strong interaction is actually a wave movement. And that means other forces. Weak and electromagnetic interactions cover that wave movement. But also. Other interactions. Like electromagnetism and weak interactions, they are things. That can form things that look like gravity. 

Another thing that can cause a similar effect to gravity is the quantum or electromagnetic shadow that forms. When electromagnetic waves hit the particle. The particle forms the electromagnetic shadow that causes energy to fall to that point. Those things can cause interaction that seems like gravitation. When electromagnetic fields move, they transport particles with them. 

And then we must look at gravitational waves. Those waves move at the speed of light. But those waves don’t require a field where they travel. And that makes them interesting. Maybe there is still an unknown energy field in the universe. But. If we think that gravitation is a very short-wave radiation, that wavelength is far shorter than even gamma-rays. 

We can ask whether the graviton exists. And then, why has nobody seen gravitons? The graviton. A mythic gravitation transporter particle would be a boson. Like all other force or interaction transporters. In some models. The graviton is the quantum-sized black hole. The idea is that. Graviton-particle could be the thing that forms all elementary particles. As I wrote at the beginning of the text. 

In this model, all elementary particles are like bubbles around those quantum-size black holes. If those kinds of particles are the source for gravitational waves, their size would be smaller than the wavelength of gamma-rays. This thing is one of the things that can explain many things. The evaporation of those hypothetical quantum-sized back holes could explain dark energy. Gravity centers are the clusters of gravitons. 

And black holes could be black. Because they are pure gravitons. In that model, the inner layer of the black hole is the denser graviton cluster. And that strips quantum fields away from gravitons that are at the outer cluster in the singularity. If the graviton exists. The black hole. It is the giant graviton. The ultimate version of the quark stars. But if that thing is real.  It requires that the graviton exists.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/problem-gravity-quantum-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Are low-energy photons and gravitons the same thing?

Gravitational waves are like energy ditches that travel across the universe. It’s possible that those gravitational waves form when very low-energy particles travel out from the gravitational center. That raises a question. Does the gravity require a graviton? The extremely low-energy photon can explain gravitation and its strange behavior. 

So, we can think. That maybe graviton is the same thing as low-energy photons. The idea is that a gravitational wave forms when a photon reflects. From the gravitational center. In that process. A photon loses its energy. And maybe. Its energy level can turn so low. That. It starts. To pull quantum fields into it. That causes an idea. That maybe. The mythic graviton. It is a low-energy photon. If a low-energy photon travels across the universe, it binds quantum fields to it. 

That forms an energy ditch, which we can see as a gravitational wave. Another thing that could make those energy ditches is photons that spin very fast. In that case, the fast-spinning photon transports energy out from its edge. And the energy travels to the photon from the larger side. 

But. That explains why gravitational fields turn weaker. When the distance to the gravitational center increases. So, when the number of those with low energy increases in the area. That thing increases the power of the gravity field. And that means that the density of those “special photons”. Or photons that bind energy into themselves increase near the gravity center. 

So the low-energy photon could be the same. As a graviton.

Or at least. It's the particle that is very similar to a photon. The thing that supports the model that the graviton is actually a low-energy photon is that. A gravitational wave travels at the speed of light. The reason why the photon has no mass could be this. The photon pulls energy into it symmetrically. Because. Energy flows to a photon. Are. Symmetrical, which makes the photon flow. There is a possibility that the superstring that travels through a photon pulls energy into itself. But that thing doesn’t matter. 

If we think that gravitational waves are cases where low-energy photons pull quantum fields into them, we could answer the question of how to connect the field model with gravitational waves. When the gravitational center rolls quantum fields around it, that causes an effect. In that case, the fields that travel through photons can form strings. 

Those strings pull energy away from those photons. The idea of this effect is that a photon acts like a ring, and the quantum field is like water that travels through that ring. That quantum field turns photons into a very low energy level. This means that those photons start to pull quantum fields into them. 

"The visual representation of a photon produced by the researchers." (Interesting engineering, Scientists map mysterious shape of photon, could unlock light-matter interaction)

The gravity wave forms when low-energy photons travel out from the gravity center. The reason why black holes send deeper gravity waves is that. It pulls more energy out from those photons than other objects. 

When a particle or some other object falls into the gravity wave. It sends a wave movement ahead of it. The effect is like throwing a stone. Into the water flow. If we throw that stone in the direction where water flows, it forms a fast-moving wave that travels with the water. In the gravitational model, a similar wave that travels ahead of the particle makes a deeper energy ditch ahead of the particle. That energy ditch, shadow, or pothole pulls a particle. Or another object behind it. 

This means that a low-energy photon can act just as the hypothetical graviton. So, could it be possible that the extremely low-energy photon is the same as the graviton? The photon has a lower energy level. Than its environment. That low-energy photon pulls energy. Into it. That means gravitational waves don’t need gravitons. 

The low-energy photons that reflect from the object can explain why the gravitational wave, an energy ditch, can travel across the universe. This thing forms. When extremely low-energy particles are traveling across the quantum fields. And those particles. That could be those low-energy photons bind energy. Inside them. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

Gravitons, photons, and string theory.

Above: A spiral galaxy is actually a material disk around a supermassive black hole. 

If a graviton is the black hole in the middle of a photon that thing is a small but very powerful particle. When we look at the black holes in the universe we can see that those phenomena pull material into them from extremely large areas. The Sagittarius A’s size is about the same as the solar system. But it forms a spiral galaxy around it. 

That means that if the photon is a structure that is formed around the quantum-size black hole, that means the quantum black hole could be the graviton, the missing gravitation transmitting particle. But that particle is extremely small if we compare it with a photon. In this model, the photon is an energy ring that locks that quantum black hole into its form. That means photons are the energy field that denies the quantum black hole explosion. 

Or if the superstring or string theory is true we can say that if a photon is lost. That pushes a black hole into that superstring. An energy field that falls behind it impacts the superstring. In string theory, superstrings form all particles and energy fields. Those strings can be like rings, or they can be very long lines. And that means those 2D strings form everything. 

The idea is that the hypothetical superstring that the photon surrounds acts like a thermal pump that puts energy flow away from that point. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

The question is how can that thing form? The answer could be in the Kugelblitz black hole. The black hole can form from energy or from superstrings. The idea is that the photon that we see is an energy ring around the superstring. When the energy that comes out starts to push that string in that point, that makes energy move in and on that string. Superstring can be thinner than quark. But it can be as long as the diameter of the universe. So, when the energy level in that point starts to rise it puts energy to move out from that point. The rising energy level at that point puts energy moving faster at that superstring. 

That thing starts to pull energy out from that point so fast that all wave movement goes with that thing. In this model, the photon is the impact field around the superstring that cannot take all energy away from that point. The photon is the energy field that outcomes energy locks around the energy hill that makes energy move in the superstring. This means the black holes are like extremely powerful thermal pumps that make energy flow away from the point where they are so fast that quantum fields around them start to travel to that point with such high speed that light or any other wave movement cannot escape from that point. 

When we think that a photon is the ring-shaped energy field around some kind of superstring, the next question is how that superstring turns into a supermassive black hole. That happens when those superstrings are starting to tie around each other like a rope. That kind of thing can form extremely large black holes. But the requirement is that those structures must not let energy away from them. So maybe at least large-size Kugelblitz black holes cannot form in the modern universe. There is so much free space or surrounding quantum fields are so weak that the rope-shaped structure of superstrings will be broken. 

The black hole is in the interaction between it and its environment. Outcoming energy or quantum fields press that structure together. And in the young universe, those quantum fields were much stronger than in our universe. They pressed those superstrings together. And that means it's possible that in the very young universe the Kugelblitz black holes formed before material. That is one way to think about the most interesting phenomenon in the universe. Proving that thing requires proving string theory. And that is not an easy thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing.

 Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing. 

Optical computing is one of the most promising tools for creating new and powerful computers. Similar theories that researchers made for regular computers can be used in optical computers. The problem is how to transform photons into electric information. In some models, information travels between switches and photon transistors and gates in photon form. 

At the point where information travels to a switch or router a photovoltaic cell turns it into the electric form. And the other side the miniature LED turns it back into the photonic form. Or the router can replaced by using miniature mirrors. That increases the photonic volume in the data processing. 

"Researchers have highlighted the potential of on-chip nanophotonic systems as a solution to the challenges presented by traditional electrical networks. These systems utilize light for data transmission, offering increased bandwidth and speed". (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Well Nanowire Array Micro-LEDs: The Future of On-chip Optical Communication)

The optical computer is light and in the binary version when light is on, the value in the system is one. And when light is off the value is zero. The problem is how to blink light fast enough. 

The answer for that could be nano-LEDs or a system that looks like a camera shutter. When the shutter lets the light go to the photovoltaic cell the value is one. And when the shutter is shut, the value is zero. That allows to make the optical or half-optical computer by using regular lights.

If the system uses two routes for transmitting data is possible to make even faster computers. The system requires AI-based control, but in a binary system values one and zero have different routes. So route one gives value one. And route two gives a value of zero. Or opposite. The speed of shutters determines the speed of the computer. 

Making the optical computer by using two lights that send their light to photovoltaic cells is possible. Cell number one gives a value of zero. Cell number one gives value one. There should be fast-moving shutters like in cameras between those photovoltaic cells and the light source. 

The nano LEDs can be the tools that can also make the optical computers fast. The system can control those nano LEDs with very high accuracy. Computers can use Those LEDs in extremely small nano-lasers. Those nano-lasers could give very high-accurate light impulses to systems that turn the binary data into quantum mode. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena". (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

The neutrino is the almost perfect qubit. But the problem is: how to get neutrinos? 

The photon-neutrino interaction is the next-generation thing, that could use in quantum computers. Neutrino is a very weakly interacting particle, that interacts with photons. In some visions, the photons can be used to load information into neutrinos. 

The system uses single photons where information is loaded, and those photons will turn those neutrinos into qubits that can transport information over long distances. And then the neutrino detector will remove that data from neutrinos. The idea about neutrino qubits is based on the model that neutrino can have superposition like all other elementary particles.  

The problem with neutrinos is that they are hard to get. In some visions, the photons are used to stop the neutrino and then the information will load into it. Then some kind of EM radiation transfers that neutrino into the wanted direction. Then photon impacts or neutrino detectors can be used to download information from neutrino.

https://www.sciencealert.com/neutrinos-ghost-particles-can-interact-with-light-after-all

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-well-nanowire-array-micro-leds-the-future-of-on-chip-optical-communication/

Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles.

 Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles. 

In some visions, the neutrino is very close to hypothetical WIMP (Weakly interacting massive particle) which are dark matter particles. There could be two ways how WIMP can be massive. One is that a single WIMP can have a higher energy level than visible material. And the second is that there are lots of WIMPs that are massive in entirety. 

So the WIMP makes interaction between visible material as a group. In some models, there are two types of WIMPs. The high-energy WIMPs form the hot dark matter. And low-energy WIMPs could be particles of the cold dark matter. And in visible material. The energy level is between those hot and cold WIMPs or hot and cold dark matter. 

Normally, think that the universe has three main parts. Those parts are dark energy, dark matter, and visible material. In some models, there is hot and cold dark matter. And visible material is between those dark matter types. The thing, that determines material visibility is the direction of energy flow. If energy travels from higher energy material into lower energy material. 

And there is no echo from that material. The interaction is one-way. That means there is no energy flow back to higher energy particles, and that makes lower energy particles invisible. In that model, energy flows from visible matter into cold dark matter. And that makes cold dark matter invisible to us. 

There is the possibility that there is also the fourth type of material, which we can call grey material. That grey material is something between dark and visible material. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena." (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

We can think that "dark matter" is so-called hot dark matter. Which energy level is higher than the visible material's energy level? 

When hot dark matter loses its energy it turns into visible material, and when visible material loses its energy. It turns into cold dark matter. In that model, dark energy is the last view of material before it falls into 2D form.

In that model, the neutrino could represent very old material that lost its energy. Because neutrino's energy level is very low it's hard to detect. And it loses its energy into the cold dark matter. This model is conducted from the model of the universe's ultimate fate. The fate of material is turned into wave movement. And maybe neutrino is the particle that is transforming from the visible material into dark matter. 

Neutrinos are one of the most interesting. And at the same time very mysterious particles. Those particles have mass, but they do not have strong interactions. That makes neutrinos able to travel through planets. And kilometers-thick lead doesn't stop those particles. There is a possibility that neutrinos can travel through neutron stars, and if that thing is true, they can help us to understand the dense objects in the universe.

But in that case, researchers must confirm that those neutrinos traveled through the neutron stars. The photon-neutrino impacts open new views to those mysterious particles. If we think about the shape of the neutrino, they could be very interesting tools in quantum technology. Neutrinos could transport information over long distances. 

So quantum computers could use neutrinos in long-distance quantum communication. The problem is that those neutrinos are hard to capture and manipulate. And that thing makes it hard to benefit them. But if researchers could someday capture neutrinos in photon traps, they can have the tool that can used in high-class quantum systems that can observe interactions inside atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/p/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html

The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.

 The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.

Controlling complex systems requires that system operators have complete knowledge of the system and its interactions.

The problem with error correlation in quantum computers is that the qubits and quantum systems are much more sensitive to outside effects than binary computers. The other problem is that the anomaly that causes a calculation error can also happen during the second calculation. Things like gravity waves are global anomalies that affect all quantum computers. And that thing means that all quantum computers can calculate wrong at the same moment.

The big problem is also that quantum computers are the only things that can check and find errors in another quantum computer's solutions. Binary computers make the same 45-year calculations that quantum computers can make in seconds. And that thing means that outside things like torrents of gravity waves can destroy all the results that the Quantum systems produce. And the problem is that those outside effects can cause anomalous functions in all quantum computers in the world.

Things like changes in the gravity fields on Earth can also affect qubits. And that means the portable quantum systems might need information about the gravity field's strength so those quantum systems can calibrate themselves.

"Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists developed a new method for producing circularly polarized single photons, paving the way for advancements in quantum communication and a potential ultra-secure quantum internet. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Illumination: Advanced Device Generates Single Photons and Encodes Information) 

The system can make bubbles in quantum fields or qauntum layers using photons. Those things can help to transport information between superpositioned and entangled photons and electron switches.

"Artistic illustration depicts magnetic excitations of cobalt-phthalocyanine molecules, where entangled electrons propagate into triplons. Credit: Jose Lado/Aalto University" (ScitechDaily.com/Tricky Triplons: Scientists Create Artificial Quantum Magnet With Quasiparticles Made of Entangled Electrons)

The next-generation quantum computers require very good, and very accurate ability to control multi-state and multi-layer systems.

The next-generation quantum computers can use multiple multi-state qubits. Those qubits can be networks of triplons. And systems that can create photon pairs. The photons are between those electrons in quantum magnets, called quantum triplons. And that system can make more powerful and portable quantum computers possible. The network of superpositioned photons and electrons is extremely difficult to handle. The system must have the ability to create single photons that it can put between those electrons.

And then information must be transported from those electron pairs to the sender photon, which is in quantum entanglement and superpositioned on the receiving side. The ability to make photons interact with wave movement makes it possible to stop photons at the precise point between electrons. Then the system must drive energy to that photon so that it can create superposition and quantum entanglement with some other photon.

Then the energy level of the transmitter side of the quantum entanglement will rise higher than that of the receiving side. And the system can start to drive information into that system. The receiving part just pulls energy away from the receiving side. The key element in quantum systems is that the transmitting or active side in superposition must be at a higher level.

If superpositioned and entangled particles are at the same energy level, standing waves between those particles push them away. The electron pairs can transmit energy away from the receiving side, which helps to keep the difference in energy levels in superpositioned and entangled particles.

The ability to create lots of single photons allows the system to replace photons that flew away when the quantum entanglement reached the same level. The network-based, ultra-small systems are extremely complicated to handle. The system might have multiple quantum states, like photon and radio wave states. The system must know precisely the energy level of the qubits before they can transport information.

Things like gravitational waves and even differences in Earth's gravitational field make it possible that there are differences between real and calculated values in qubits. That thing destroys the information that the qubit should transport because the receiving system doesn't know at what level or state the system loads the information.

The quantum computer is 45 years faster than any binary computer. That is both the biggest opportunity and the biggest weakness in quantum computing. Only another quantum computer can check the calculations that those extremely powerful systems can make. Of course, it is possible to perform the calculation twice. However, the problem is that there could be some anomaly that cannot be predicted during the second calculation. Things like gravitational waves that can shake the qubits are collective anomalies. They affect all Quantum computers at the same time.

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-illumination-advanced-device-generates-single-photons-and-encodes-information/?expand_article=1

https://scitechdaily.com/tricky-triplons-scientists-create-artificial-quantum-magnet-with-quasiparticles-made-of-entangled-electrons/?expand_article=1

https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2023/08/26/the-ability-to-make-single-photons-is-vital-for-quantum-computers/

Could gravitation form when quarks are moving back and forth?

There is one forgotten version of the gravitation theory. The idea in this theory is gravitation forms when particles inside protons and neutrons oscillate. When the size or the distance of those particles changes. That thing forms an effect that is like a pump. So the gravitational effect forms when quarks are moving back and forth inside their quantum field. If that movement forms gravitation, it will explain things like gravitational waves. 

When the distance of quarks inside protons and neutrons expands, that motion forms quantum low pressure between those particles. That low pressure causes the electromagnetic- or quantum fields are dropping between those particles. So could that thing be gravitation? That explains why planets are the gravitational centers. 

There are lots of protons and neutrons. And when the quarks that form those particles are moving back and forth that thing causes an electromagnetic pumping effect where the force of the quantum field between those particles changes. 

When those quarks are closing each other they are forming a standing quantum wave between them. And in that case that virtual particle will send wave motion or gravitational waves to the universe. That thing explains gravitational waves. 

The mystery of gravitation is an interesting thing. There is a possibility that mysterious gravitons are only oscillating quantum fields. When the size of the particles is turning smaller. That thing also causes the position where escaping quantum field forms the electromagnetic low-pressure zone that pulls quantum fields to that particle. 

The pulling effect of the gravitation forms. When the particle rides with wave motion that falls to the gravitational center that model is true. The gravitation effect is similar to other fundamental forces. 

That means electromagnetic wave motion travels through a hole that is in the middle of those three quarks. That means those waves are traveling in and out from three quarks. And the incoming electromagnetic field or radiation forms the cone that causes scattering to the outcoming electromagnetic field. 

The idea is that when the distance between those quarks increases that pulls the quantum field through it. That quantum field continues its journey. And the same effect happens on both sides. There is the possibility that the impacting electromagnetic or quantum fields are forming a quantum bubble in the middle of those quarks. 

That bubble pushes radiation away from it. Around that bubble is forming an area that is at a lower energy state than the quark. And that forms bridges or gluons between those quarks. The outcoming energy can travel between those bridges. And maybe that is one form of gravitation. 

The thing that might make photons unique is that they are somehow slight. Maybe the thing that explains the photon's speed is that the particle's quantum field somehow pulls energy inside it as much as it delivers. The interesting thing is that the speed of light is lower in the medium can be explained in this way. 

The medium pulls the energy away from the photon faster than a vacuum. But fast-moving particle replaces the lost energy. In a vacuum, the photon travels at the same speed as wave motion. So because quantum fields cannot fly out from photons. That means those particles' speeds will not decrease. 

Why do photons have no mass?

When we are looking at the two forms of light, particles and wave motion we can try to find the answer to the strange abilities of the photon. There is the possibility that when a photon stretches to wave motion or superstring it turns flat. So when a photon hits particles its impact area is so small, that it cannot cause enough large-size impact area. 

The situation is similar to when a bullet hits the house. That bullet cannot destroy or affect all houses because the impact area is so small. So the bullet makes a small hole in that house. 

Same way when a flat photon or superstring travels in space. And impacts material. There is the possibility that it just pushes the quantum field around particles away. The idea is that the particle's quantum field is not a uniform structure. The quantum fields around particles are a series of superstrings or quantum lightning that is forming a structure that looks like a whisk. 

The force of that quantum lightning or quantum strings can be unique. And that makes it possible that qubits can have multiple quantum states at the same time. 

When photons are impacting quantum lightning. It will transfer energy to those quantum strings. That energy pushes those quantum strings away from each other. It makes it possible that photons can tunnel themselves through particles. This thing denies interaction between the photon and other particles. 

So could the tunneling effect be the reason why the interaction between photons and other particles is so weak that measuring the mass of the photon is hard or even impossible to measure? Or is the impact area of photons so small that it starts to tunnel through the particles before the measurements can be done? 

Mass, energy, and photons.

Nothing else can reach the same speed as photons. Photon is a particle that seems to have no mass. But as I wrote many times before photons should have mass. The reason for that is that without mass photons cannot transport energy. And without this ability lasers and other things will not work. 

Ernst Rutherford said once that "certainly photon must have mass". But nobody measures that mass yet. In some theories the photon is only so "hairy" or its quantum field "shines" that photon flows away from other particles.  

So, could the answer for that be found in the photon's ability to be at the same time wave motion and particle? There is the theory that a photon is "flat" when it travels in space. That flat form would be the result of tunneling. That means the photon is very close to the thing called the superstring. And if the photon is like tape when it hits the medium wall that means the impact area of energy is so small that it's hard to measure. 

When a photon hits to quantum fields of the atoms it adjusts them to a higher energy level. And then those particles are sending energy quantum that pushes them away from each other. 

How do photon clones themselves?

When a photon's energy level rises it acts like all other particles. When energy stress ends the photon sends energy quantum.  And then that energy quantum stresses other particles. That causes a chain reaction where those particles resend photons until the quantum system reaches a minimum energy level. 

Sometimes I wrote that maybe a photon is a stable particle that sends wave motion. The idea of that thing was that a photon can clone itself. Or create other photons. The fact is that those photons are not forming from nothingness. The minimum energy principle also affects photons.

 And they attempt to reach a minimum energy level like all other particles. The minimum energy principle means that an object (particle, molecule, etc.) attempts to reach the same energy level as its environment.  So researchers can rise the photon's energy level, stressing them with electromagnetic radiation like magnetic fields. 

When the energy stress of a photon ends it sends radiation impulse to other particles around it. That radiation impulse or wave motion will adjust the energy level of the quantum fields higher level. And then those particles are sending energy quantum or photon when radiation stress ends. That is the thing that transforms matter visible. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

Can a hypothetical tachyon be the thing that forms photons?

Byt the way, this image above this text could introduce the situation that the hypothetical tachyon particle drops from the fourth dimension to our third dimension. That ring could be the shock wave that the tachyon forms when its speed decreases under the speed of light. Then that particle forms the Higgs boson and the power field that is like the lens.

That lens focuses on the radiation that comes from the higher dimension to one point. And the question is could that thing in the focus be the photon. So that means the photon's form can be like the parallel bites of wave movement or superstrings. That could explain why the photon has no mass. The energy or information travels from photons so fast that this thing cannot interact. 

The particles that are in the highest possible energy level in the third dimension can make quantum entanglement with the particles that are at the lowest energy level in the fourth dimension. And we can think that the hypothetical tachyon is on the lowest energy level in the fourth dimension. The reason why we cannot see tachyon is simple. When that particle drops from the fourth dimension it transforms into some other particles like the Higgs boson. And there is the possibility. 

That photon is the particle that is released when the tachyon impacts with the third dimension. So tachyon exists only in the fourth dimension. And the reason for that is that the hypothetical particle has so high an energy level that the third dimension cannot close it inside it. When tachyon drops out from the fourth dimension. Its existence as tachyon ends. The existence of a tachyon requires so high energy level that this particle jumps to the fourth dimension. 

The key element of that theory is that the fourth dimension is the energy level. So when the hypothetical tachyon drops to the third dimension it loses its energy forming the shock wave. When we are saying that the particle drops from the fourth dimension we can say that it loses so much energy that the fourth dimension cannot keep it inside. 

So tachyon drops to the third dimension. In that process, it loses energy so fast that the shock wave is forming. The energy flows from higher energy points to lower energy areas. The thing that can make the tachyon drop to the third dimension is that it makes quantum entanglement with the particle that is in the third dimension. 

And that thing means that the particle in the third dimension pulls that tachyon from the fourth dimension to the third dimension. When that thing happens the particle releases its energy in the form of wave movement. That wave movement can be the thing that focuses photons in our spacetime. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

The stable nuclear fireballs (Photons part II)

Photons and their unique abilities are an interesting thing.  Photons can transport energy and they can also be acting like wave movement. Those particles are known for a very long time. The person who described photons was Albert Einstein, but Sir Isaac Newton first noticed that light has particle and wave movement forms. 

So the thing is that we know that photons are particles that can carry the electromagnetic force. And they can also act as wave movement and particles. The thing that makes photon also interesting is that particle is the only known particle that can travel with the speed of light. 

The question is why only photons have those abilities? Why the particle can carry energy without mass? All other particles can also make that thing but they have a mass. But how photons can be so different? Photons are not interacting with electromagnetic fields. They are themselves neutral. 

When we are thinking about the reason why photons are so different one of the things that can make photons have those abilities is that photons can be some kind of bag, as I wrote yesterday. The empty electromagnetic field that stays in its form because of the pressure of the outside quantum fields can explain those abilities. 

The soap-bubble photons are causing an interesting theorem. The thing that detonates the soap bubble is the incoming pressure. The thing that makes the soap bubble in its form is the balance between the air pressure. 

And internal pressure of the soap bubble. If the outcoming pressure is turning too weak, that thing causes the soap bubble is turning too big. The reason why the soap bubble explodes is that there is a limited material mass on its core. So sooner or later, there is a little hole in the bubble. And then that hole will rip the soap bubble into pieces. 

Theoretically, if the nuclear weapon explosion will push inside, by using electromagnetic wave movement. There is the possibility to make a stable fireball. If an electromagnetic wave movement has the right force that denies the fireball from erupting its power to air can make that kind of phenomenon possible. 

When particles are starting to travel outside the nuclear explosion they create the doppler field. Normally that field turns weaker and weaker when the time from the explosion is going on. But if there is possible to create the ball-shaped counter wave. That thing can stabilize the fireball. 

The reason why the fireball of the nuclear explosion vanishes. Is the same why the soap bubble is exploding. The force of the nuclear explosion is so high that the fireball is expanding. When the nuclear fuel of the bomb ends that thing causes the fireball and the wave that travels at the front of it starts to deliver more energy than they get. 

So sooner or later that doppler wave is so cold that the air can push it back. But if there is pushed more energy or create the ball-shaped counter doppler wave around that fireball it can turn stable. But the thing is that there is no technology for that thing. 

https://www.livescience.com/what-are-photons

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The mystery of photons

"The finding of the Majorana boson demonstrates that photons can be “split” into halves. Credit: Animation by LaDarius Dennison"  (Wikipedia/“Split” Photons – New Research Predicts the Existence of a Previously-Unimaginable Particle)

Photon is a particle that has no mass, but it can transmit energy. It's the only elementary particle that can reach the speed of light. And there is a question why this thing is possible? The reason why a single photon can carry information is that its core is not slight. There are waves at the core of that particle. And those waves make it possible that photons can carry information. 

Photons should have a mass that can transmit energy. Or actually, there is one thing that can explain this strange ability. That thing is connected with splitting photons. 

In quantum computer tests. Researchers recognized that photons can at least virtually split into two pieces. The virtual splitting means that the photon superposition itself with some other particle.

Sometimes researchers thought that a photon is two particles connected by some kind of small particle that is invisible. So the photon could be two photons. If photons are a two-photon quantum system that requires that the connection with those photons is extremely strong. 

And there could be something that connects those photons.  So, could that connector be a hypothetical graviton? But there is another thing that can make this connection interesting. 

Could photons be an empty quantum bubble? 

The one form of particles is ghost particles. The energy fields that are making bubbles. Some of those bubbles are very short-living. But there is the possibility that photon is the quantum version of the soap bubble. The energy bubble stays in its form because of the pressure of the outside quantum field. 

The elementary particles are hard to split. But quantum fields are quite easy to split and share. 

So one of the explanations for the special abilities of the photon is that is an empty energy field. The energy field can carry energy. And outcoming quantum fields are keeping those bubbles in form. Just like soap bubbles are keeping their form because of outcoming pressure. When the soap bubble is going too high the pressure will end. And that thing causes the explosion of that bubble. When we are transferring that model to the quantum world the destruction of photon means that the bubble turns to wave movement or superstring. 

Can we find the answer to that phenomenon from the strong nuclear interaction? 

Could gluons connect Majorana or some other fermions? The Majorana fermion was predicted in 1937 by the Italian theoretical physicist Ettore Majorana. Still, mostly hypothetical Majorana fermion has its antiparticle. There are some weak observations about that particle that acts like fermion. (Wikipedia/Majorana fermion)

And sometimes there is suspicion that the Majorana Fermion is some well-known Fermion that has a previously unknown energy state. That thing can explain why nobody made a confirmed observation of that particle that should be easy to find. 

And in 2020 there were the first observations about those hypothetical fermions. So there is a strong possibility that Majorana fermion exists. (MIT News/ First sighting of mysterious Majorana fermion on a common metal)

Can gluons form the electron crystals along with electrons? Or can gluons connect things like photons?  Gluons are particles that connect quarks to protons and neutrons. But is it possible that gluons can connect also photons and electrons to balls called photons and electron crystals? Could those hypothetical particle groups be real? 

The strong nuclear interaction or strong nuclear force is the interaction between quark and gluon. That means there are particles called gluons in protons and neutrons. And they are connecting quarks to one entirety. The gluon is the transmitter particle of the strong nuclear interaction that connects quarks to one entirety. 

But could gluons connect also other elementary particles together? Can gluon make connections between electrons? If that thing is possible and can be proven. That ability would make it possible to see a new type of material. If gluons can connect electrons to a stable structure. That thing makes it possible to make the new type of electron crystals. 

That kind of hypothetical gluon-electron crystals can be the possibility to create invisible material. When outcoming radiation hits those electron crystals. Those electrons are sending photons of light quanta. And that light quanta can fall the wave movement that impacts to those electron crystals.

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Strong_nuclear_force

https://scitechdaily.com/nuclear-reactor-helps-scientists-catch-and-study-ghost-particles/

https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_(physics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Image 1) https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

Image 2) https://news.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/news_article__image_gallery/public/images/202004/MIT-Majorana-Gold-01_0.jpg?itok=X9AwFkN_

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Is gluon the mysterious graviton?

So are gluon, photon and graviton the same particle? That means the graviton would be a very well-known particle. That has some ability that researchers have not noticed yet. 

If we think that gravitation is an interaction there is forming the energy channel between objects there is the possibility that gravitational interaction requires some kind of resonance. So if we think that gravitation is the interaction that affects every single particle in the universe we might think that graviton is some well-known particle. 

And that thing makes me think, that could the graviton be the usual thing? That usual thing should be involving almost all other particles. And one of the most usual particles in the universe is gluons. Gluons are locking quarks to protons and neutrons. 

So if we think that we can split photons into two pieces. That makes it possible that photon is two particles. Some energy bridge would connect those particles. If we use the terms that are meant for operating at the molecular world there is lower energy pressure in that channel than in other places. 

 Or is there a small particle between those photons? And of course, there is the possibility that the photon itself is gluon and graviton. That means it has a form that we just don't know yet.  

There is introduced an idea that there is formed synthetic gravitational waves. By orbiting protons in the particle accelerator. If the speed of protons or some heavier ions would be high enough. That thing makes it possible to create synthetic gravitational waves. The idea is that the quarks and gluons are turning in a straight line when the speed of the proton is high enough. 

Maybe that thing can answer to questions, "are gluon and graviton the same thing"? There is the theory that gluon is the mythical graviton. There is an idea that the gluons are making an electromagnetic vacuum behind them. And those extremely small WARP bubbles will pull quarks to one entirety. 

So the source of the gravitational waves would be in the movement of those gluons. But also the spin of the protons can send the quantum gravitation. The idea about the pushing gravitation is in the idea that there is an electromagnetic vacuum near the object. 

And that vacuum or electromagnetic low pressure will cause the outcoming radiation to push objects to the gravitational center. So there is the channel where is lower electromagnetic pressure between objects. And that means the gravitational energy travels in the border of that electromagnetic channel that pushes objects together. 

The thing is that the energy travels from the gravitational center to the orbiting object. That object will throw the gravitational wave away from it. And that thing makes one very interesting thought in my mind. If we think that gravitational waves are radiation. And if the gravitational interaction requires some kind of resonance. That makes one interesting question: is material where the gravitation has no effect exists? 

https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

In the multiverse theory, the key is can other universes exist?

The theory of other universes and universes before our universe might seem very extraordinary. But the universe before our universe explains the origin of the material.  And other universes could be natural things. The universe is the bubble that formed in the Big Bang. 

And the key element of the multiverse theory is. That there are other big bangs in the empty dimension. The blue points or cold points in the cosmic microwave background are telling. Maybe there is some energy source outside the universe that blown material away from those blue areas. 

The question is can those things exist? The answer is this: nothing denies the existence of those things. 

The thing, about the "evidence" about the universe before our universe, is only the ghost. The thing that makes the other universe before our universe comfortable. Is that the past universe that faced the Big Crunch and then reformed our universe as the Big Bang is the easiest explanation for the question "where the material that was released during the Big Bang came from"? 

That is the key question in cosmology.  But then somebody asks where that past universe got its material. And that thing only transfers that question to the next universe. The thing is that the Big Bang is a very mysterious thing because the material cannot come from emptiness. 

But what is outside our universe? The fact is that people suspect that there is a great emptiness. The area where is no quantum fields. But there is wave movement. The origin of the wave movement is our universe. Sometimes somebody asks "does the universe expands faster than light?". If we are thinking about the limits of the universe. 

Is the distance of two first photons released from the Big Bang that thing is true. Those two first photons are traveling ahead of the universe. And there are no quantum fields outside the universe that can slow the speed of particles. That means the universe is in the middle of a giant WARP bubble. 

Outside the edge of the universe is the area where wave movement is traveling only to one direction. That direction is away from the universe. So what happens if we would step out from the universe? There is total emptiness outside the bubble where the entire material is. That causes energy starts to flow out from the material. And there is no replacing energy in that area. 

If we are thinking of the multiverse theory there is the energy and quantum vacuum outside our universe anyway. The thing why cosmologists are interesting in the world outside the universe. Is that it could prove the existence of other universes. 

We cannot see other universes because galaxies and stars along with galactic halos are too bright. They cover the light that comes from the other universes if they exist. 

As I just wrote the wave movement travels one way outside the universe. That direction is outside the universe. Which is the source of wave movement.

 So if there is another universe. There is also wave movement that is traveling in a different direction than the wave movement that source is in our universe. But the problem is that wave movement travels faster outside our universe than it travels in our universe. And that thing makes those observations very complicated. If we want to make observations about the light that travels outside our universe.

We must realize that the photon or wave movement is traveling outside the universe and its source is in our universe. We cannot see that photon because we are behind it. The thing that can prove the existence of other universes would be the photon which is comping to us from outside the universe. But proving the origin of the photon is difficult. 

Split photons predicted the new unimaginable particle's existence.

   

 Split photons predicted the new unimaginable particle's existence. 

"The finding of the Majorana boson demonstrates that photons can be “split” into halves. Credit: Animation by LaDarius Dennison" (ScitechDaily/“Split” Photons – New Research Predicts the Existence of a Previously-Unimaginable Particle)

The split photon called "Majorana bosons" is the thing that gives an idea that maybe there are particles in the photons. If the photon is not an elementary particle in the group of bosons. That means we are facing a new type of physics. So we must rethink the standard model. If the photon is not a boson or even an elementary particle it should be like some hadron. Or rather say pion or kaon. 

So is photon some kind of meson? The future will show that thing. But the idea that there is some kind of particles inside the photon is interesting. There is of course possible that the "Majorana-fermion" could exist in the photons. But there is possible that the "Majorana-fermions" can also involve some other particles. The best candidate for Majorana-particle is the neutrino. And it's also possible that there is also Majorana boson. That means that maybe Majorana missed something and the Majorana-particle is a boson. 

Majorana fermions are enigmatic particles that act as their antiparticle themselves. And Majorana fermions were first hypothesized to exist in 1937. They are of immense interest to physicists. Their unique properties could allow researchers to use those particles. For the construction of a topological quantum computer. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200103141035.htm

Image 2.

The existence of the Majorana fermions predicted Italian physicist Ettore Majorana in 1937.  "In supersymmetry models, neutralinos—superpartners of gauge bosons and Higgs bosons—are Majorana". (Wikipedia, Majorana fermions) 

But the question is. Could there in the "Majorana-particle" some even smaller particles? 

If Majorana-particle is in photon, that we have thought being elementary particle in the group of bosons. Why that "Majorana-particle", cannot be some kind of meson? Or a member of another hadron group? Maybe those Majorana particles are members of not yet group of hadrons. 

Or are there missing particles inside pions or kaons? When we are thinking that as an example pion is forming of the quark and antiquark pair, what is the thing that denies the annihilation of that particle pair? Is there some small particle between them? 

When our knowledge of the matter and fundamental states of the time, space, energy, and particles and their interaction. We are facing one of the most fascinating things in the universe. What is the thing that limits the speed of light? 

The idea that photons split in two seems insane. But the researchers are founded cases, where photon splits. And that thing gives a tip. That maybe there is some yet unknown particle inside photons. Maybe that unimaginable particle can answer the question of why nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. There is the possibility that this particle that we might call a "sub photonic particle" is the graviton. Graviton is a hypothetical transportation particle of gravitation. But those things are only hypotheses. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200103141035.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Image 1:https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The DARPA-funded researchers accidentally created the first WARP bubble.

 The DARPA-funded researchers accidentally created the first WARP bubble. 

The hypothetical WARP technology means that the engine moves the space from the movement direction to backward. That thing means. That when the speed of the craft is near the speed of light. It will pull the particles or wave movement against it. Even if the WARP drive cannot cross the speed of light it would be the most fundamental system ever created. 

In the WARP technology, the craft is in the bubble of the normal space. In that bubble are the conditions where the craft can virtually cross the speed of light. The thing is that even if the speed of the craft is only 99,99% of the speed of light. That thing denies the aging of the crew. 

The WARP craft would be the chamber that is in a stable location. And then the ions would make whirl around it. This kind of system would make it possible to travel in time to the future. But returning is difficult. 

The WARP bubble is possible to make. At least on an extremely small scale. The WARP bubble is the thing that is predicted to make the craft travel with a speed that is higher than the speed of light. The WARP bubble is the thing that is created around the spacecraft. 

And the craft is inside the bubble, where the quantum fields are removed. The idea is that the jet of the engine will push against the wall of the bubble. And then the craft could travel faster than the speed of light. So this is the idea of the futuristic WARP-craft design. 

There are two types of possible WARP bubbles. The positive and negative WARP-bubbles. The positive WARP bubble means an extremely strong magnetic field that removes the crossing quantum fields around the craft. And the negative WARP bubble is the so-called "bubble of nothingness". Or the area where the quantum fields are removed. 

The high-speed is the thing that denies that energy starts to flow away from the craft. So kinetic energy is the thing that would deni the material aging. Or maybe that thing would not work in a bubble of nothingness. The reason for that is the replacement of energy requires the quantum fields where energy is moving to the craft. 

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The accelerating of the craft would happen by using four stages of engines.

1) Nuclear rockets 

2) Ion engines

3) Electron or positron-electron impact engine

4) Photon engine

The thrust of the photon engine is so weak that all other engine types will use to accelerate the craft to a speed that is the highest as possible. And finally, the system uses the photon engines where the thrust is created by using photons. 

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The reason why the last couple of percent of the speed of light is hardest to reach. Is that the energy is transferring to craft from the faster particles. The small size of photons causes that they cannot transfer so much energy to the craft than protons and electrons. 

The photon is higher energy than the electron if they would have the same size. But the mass and size of a photon are smaller. And that causes that the electron is transferring more energy to the craft. If we want to create a craft that is traveling faster than the speed of light. We should just make conditions that photons or electrons are traveling faster than the speed of light travels. 

That thing can make by creating a negative WARP bubble or bubble of nothingness at the nozzle of the engine. In that bubble is no quantum fields. And then the particles would shoot in it. That thing causes that the particles can travel faster than the speed of light or photons to travel outside of the bubble. Then the bubble causes that the energy of those particles would start to travel faster to the walls of that bubble. 

And that makes the craft is getting smaller and smaller energy load all the time. Then the final thing that can push the craft is photons. 

But the WARP-bubbles are suitable tools for quantum computing and quantum data transmission. In that case, the qubit will cover by using the extremely small-  and quantum-size WARP bubbles. 

The thing is that those qubits are hovering in the WARP bubble, and that bubble should protect the data. The positive quantum size WARP-bubbles can make that thing possible. The negative WARP bubbles can also use to remove the data from the qubits in an extremely accurate position. 

But the problem is that the bubble of nothingness would make the energy travel away from the qubit with extremely high speed. That means the qubit can also be seen, or the third part can measure its states from a longer distance By using negative WARP-bubbles is possible to make the long-range quantum communication. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/no-warp-bubble/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_drive

   

 Photons are the next-generation tools for next-generation quantum systems. 

Researchers at Stanford University made simpler structures for photon-based quantum computers. The system uses synthetic time dimensions and a single atom to manipulate the photons to operate as qubits. The structure of the quantum computer is introduced in the film above this text. The thing is that pulling the magnetic fields away from the chamber or track where photons travel would make the revolution for quantum computers. 

The problem with long-range photonic quantum data transmission is that every time photons would travel through the quantum field they are getting or delivering energy. And that affects data that is stored to them. When the energy level or brightness of the photon is changed. The quantum system cannot calculate the necessary states of the qubit. And that destroys data. 

Removing the quantum fields from the way of photons would remove also the outcoming effects and that thing makes it possible to create more accurate and safer data handling tools than ever before. 

The ability to stop photons is also making it possible to load data to them more accurately than ever before. The stopped photons that are trapped in photon crystals can stress by using electromagnetic radiation. And those photons can also use as data storage. 

Hypothetical free-photon lasers that use stopped photons could be the most accurate systems in the world. If that system is possible to create. The idea of free-photon lasers is that the photon cloud is stopped, and the electromagnetic stress will affect those stopped photons that are sending the wave movement. 

Stopped photons are also making it possible to create more powerful and more accurate lasers than ever before. The "photonic lasers" are creating the laser ray by using the cloud of stopped photons. Those photons will stress by using radiation, and they could work just like free-electron lasers. But the wavelength of those particles would be shorter than free-electron lasers. 

The reason for that is that. The wave movement comes out from standing photons. This kind of very accurate scanner that bases the technology where stopped photons would stress by using radiation can use to take images of the atoms and single electrons. The free-photon laser is theoretically possible to make. And the requirement for that system is that the stop of photon cloud is possible 

Sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/stanfords-simple-new-quantum-computer-design-photonic-computation-in-a-synthetic-time-dimension/

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-capture-photons-wall.html

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/stanfords-simple-new-quantum-computer-design-photonic-computation-in-a-synthetic-time-dimension/

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/