Why is planet Mars important when we are going interstellar?

Antimatter is one of the most promising fuels for the interstellar craft. The antimatter rocket is theoretically very easy to create. Material and antimatter will just need to impact inside the reaction chamber. 

Planet Mercury could be a perfect place for the antimatter factory. The antimatter-collection chambers would be the system that pulls the beta-particles like fast electrons that are coming from the Sun through the extremely thin gold layer. That thing turns those particles into antimatter. That can use as fuel for interstellar spacecraft. 

The fact is that producing antimatter in the spacecraft itself is possible. The system can just turn the collector to the star and then the particle flow will travel through the thin gold layer. That thing will turn the electrons that travel through that gold into antimatter. The antimatter can be stored in magnetic bottles. 

That means the hypothetical interstellar probe can fill their antimatter tanks very easily. Those probes must just fly against the particle flow, that comes from those stars. The Daedalus-spacecraft can easily equip with that kind of antimatter collector. And if that spacecraft has the antimatter collector or leaf gold layer with the magnetic chamber at its head. 

That thing allows it to fill the antimatter tank when it comes to the Alpha Centauri. The craft will store the antimatter in the ball-shaped magnetic bottles. And then the material that impacts with antimatter would be water, protons, electrons, or some hydrocarbons. The Proxima Centauri is part of Alpha Centauri system. And that star has a planetary system. 

The needed thing is that the mirror-particles of antimatter are involved in the annihilating material. So if the electrons are stored the positrons are the annihilating thing. If the protons are annihilating the antiprotons are the thing that causes the annihilation.  

Why Mars will be an important waypoint for interstellar travel? 

When human is going interstellar planet Mars has an important role in that kind of project. On that planet. Is possible to make social and technical tests for the systems. That should use for deeper space missions. And if we want to make the antimatter rocket that system can start far away from the Earth. 

Mars is an excellent place for laboratories where is developed the new type of propulsion systems. Those systems require extremely high energetic power sources. And the most promising power source is antimatter. The mass of antimatter that is needed for the journey to Alpha Centauri is about one kilogram if we want to bring samples from that solar system. 

The antimatter is needed for acceleration, braking, and then stabilizing the probe to a certain trajectory. And also returning from Alpha Centauri requires antimatter. The mass of antimatter that is needed for demolishing Earth is about one gram. And one gram of antimatter is needed for creating a fly-by probe. That travels past the Alpha Centauri system. But that project requires anyway extremely high-class investments. 

The thing is that handling that kind of material is extremely dangerous. So the laboratories where that kind of research is made should be very far away from Earth. 

Because if there is an accident and the antimatter touches the wall of the chamber. That thing can destroy the entire planet. If that laboratory would be on the moon. That causes the asteroid could impact Earth. 

And another thing is if the moon is destroyed. There is nothing that causes tidal waves. And the oceans start to drop to the equator. That causes horrible ecological catastrophe. The laboratories that are on Mars are not causing the same kind of threat. The problem is how to produce enough antimatter for an interstellar trip? 

One of the answers is that the antimatter production plant can create on the planet, Mercury. The Mercury could be the perfect place for the antimatter factory. As I wrote at the beginning of this text. But then the antimatter must carry to Mars. So the creation of antimatter in the craft itself would be easier. But there are lots of risks in that kind of mission. The craft should dive into the Sun. And then it creates antimatter in its collector. Then that antimatter will conduct to the rocket. 

https://www.inverse.com/innovation/mars-city-interstellar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

What is the time, and how can we transport data faster than the speed of light?

The cosmic ADSL. 

When we want to determine the ability to see the future we might use the term "how to get information from the things that happened faster than other people?". Between the planets and stars, this is possible. The answer is to make the quantum entanglement between Earth and other planets or stars. That thing might be cosmic ADSL- communication system in the far away in future. 

If we would use superpositioned and entangled particles for communicating between Earth and Alpha Centauri we can transmit data through the distance with very high speed. So by using the superpositioned and entangled particles is possible to transmit data faster than the radio waves are traveling between those distances. 

What is the time? Some people say that it's a loss of energy or particles changing to wave movement. So that's the time for the physicist. When we are thinking about ourselves and our relationship to time we all live in the past. Everything that we see and what we hear has happened a little bit before the information can reach our eyes. 

So we see things that are happening a short time before. The photons or soundwaves will impact us. This means the time is the "time that the particle or wave movement uses when it travels from a certain point to another".

 So can we see or travel to the future? The fact is, we can travel to the future. It's quite easy by creating spacecraft that can travel at the speed of light. The time dilation keeps us young. But the problem is that how to get information back to the past. This is the problem with time travel. Going to the future is easy. But getting information from the future to the past is the problem. 

But what if we would determine the "ability to see the future" as the ability to get information before other people can get it. Theoretically, this thing is possible to make but it needs a very long distance. 

We can see to future "very easily" by using the "spooky effect at a distance" or quantum entanglement. The superpositioned and entangled particles can bring information from long distances. With a speed that is higher than the speed of light. The reason for that is that those particles are like a stick. When another particle in that particle pair is moving another one is also moving. So theoretically we can shoot spacecraft to Alpha Centaur. 

And in that craft would be the superpositioned and entangled particles. Another side of those particle pairs would be at the laboratory. But that thing requires extremely high- energy levels that the quantum entanglement can maintain in the long distance. Making this thing in real life is quite more difficult than making theoretical text about it. 

If we would transport data using quantum entanglement the benefit of that thing rises when the distance is getting longer. That means that by using superpositioned and entangled particles the person in Alpha Centauri would get information immediately when the normal radio waves would transport data 4,5 years between the Sun and Alpha Centauri. 

So in this case the person in Alpha Centauri doesn't see to the future. That creature would get information from Earth sooner than the person who uses traditional radio waves. But the thing that the person sees happened in the past in both cases. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Fictional travel to Alpha Centauri by using laser boosted solar sail

NASA's solar sail
(Picture I)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

In this text, I would think about fictional space trip to Alpha Centauri by using solar sails, what are boosted with laser or microwave beams. The use of lasers with solar sails would give very much improvements to that system. The problems with laser-systems are that the material of the targeted spacecraft would be heated in extreme temperature, but when we are thinking about the use of lasers as the improve the thrust of that very large sail, we must think this problem practically.


Big size of solar sails would allow that the heat of the laser rays would circulate in the larger area, and that would help to decrease the heat, what powerful lasers would send to the target.  Those lasers, what would be used in that kind of program, might be kilometers long, and they might be stationed near the Earth. Making those kilometers long free-electron lasers or powerful masers is a quite simple thing.


There must send many small satellites to space, and then those satellites must be connected together. In this case, those satellites would be equipped with the particle accelerator, what goes thru each satellite and then those satellites would be made very powerful ray, that can be targeted to the solar sail. In this case, the solar sail would be covered with ice, and that ice is no need to be made by water. Then the laser-ray would steam that ice, and that would improve the speed and thrust of the solar sail. This is the good thing to pump the energy for the spacecraft, that would send to Alpha Centauri in some day in future.  The use of lasers or masers would allow using the power source of the spacecraft with smaller power, and that would increase the system lifetime.


When we are thinking about the structure of that solar sail, we might think, that there would be very many small units in this probe, and it would look like some jewels are connected with the same spiders net and the miniaturization and multiplication of that system would improve the solar sails ability to survive that mission. And when this solar sai comes near Alpha Centauri, it would turn sideways to the star, and then increase the layer, what would face the solar wind of that star.  This would help it to transfer it to the orbital trajectory of that star.


And then it could send thousands of pea-sized miniature probes to the planets of that star. That would seem like science fiction, but using miniaturized probes that kind of mission would be done, and the destruction of one particle, would not destroy all probes, and this hypothetical mission would be accomplished surer than with one single probe.  There is only one problem with that system, those massive lasers can be mentioned as the military technology. And that would cause the resistance against this kind of projects.

Sources:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiHDCOYgYsk

https://www.space.com/10678-nasa-solar-sail-photo-contest.html

Picture I

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/475897main_080421-earthsail_3023x2006.jpg

travellingintimeandspace.wordpress.com/2018/06/02/fictional-travel-to-alpha-centauri-by-using-laser-boosted-solar-sail/

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.com/

NASA:s Kepler-telescope is near end of the fuel, and it can be pointed to some specific solar system for collecting specific data from the specific exoplanet system

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

NASA:s Kepler mission is coming near its end, because fuel of the telescope is running low, and this means, that this telescope cannot be turned to the targets anymore. Kepler has been found new exoplanets, and it has given information, that maybe there is a habitable planet somewhere in the Universe.


Some people think, that maybe this telescope can be pointed at some point in the universe, where are known exoplanets. This system could be Gliese-581, or some other system, what can be observed from Earth, and this telescope can collect the information of this particular system. Maybe it should be Alpha Centauri, where we're at least founded exoplanets.

James Webb telescope
(Picture 2)

But this is only speculation. Kepler telescope has been used to demonstrate low-cost space telescope technology, and it has given very much for science and engineering, and the data what this telescope have been collected, would be analyzed years after its mission have been ended. And this information would be used to selecting targets for James Webb and other very powerful telescopes, what operates outside Pluto trajectory.


James Webb-telescope would represent the brand new design for space telescopes. This telescope has the table, where the telescope optical system stands. This structure allows turn telescope the way, that the guidance rockets would not need use every time when this telescope selects the target. And if those telescopes would send far enough from Earth, the temperature would be very low, what allows use also infrared radiation for making observations for other solar systems.

Sources:

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/nasa-s-kepler-spacecraft-nearing-the-end-as-fuel-runs-low

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler_(spacecraft)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope

https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/

http://sci.esa.int/jwst/

http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/jwst/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_581

http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/exoplanet-found-around-proxima-centauri-2408201623/


Picture 1:

https://secure.i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01553/kepler_1553203c.jpg

Picture 2:

https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/780/1*WuRfcUMZazcws7_UbycNBg.jpeg

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/nasas-kepler-telescope-is-near-end-of.html