Showing posts with label neutron stars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label neutron stars. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 14, 2022

The jet from a colliding neutron star seems to travel seven times the speed of light.



The speed has seen when neutron stars collide. The impact energy can form the short-term warp bubble that allows the radiation to travel faster than it usually travels. 


Two other things are making it possible to make particles travel faster than the speed of light. 


A) Virtual crossing where high-speed particles are impacting each other. If the speed of both particles is 0,8 times the speed of light the impact speed is 1,6 times the speed of light. 


B) Rising the escaping velocity of the particle higher than the speed of light. So behind the black hole's event horizon, the speed of particles is higher than the speed of light.  The reason for that is that particles drop to the gravitational center at the same speed as escaping velocity. 


The fact is that crossing the speed of light is a paradox. That thing is quite easy to make in theory. The only thing that must do is to create an area where the light travels faster than light travels in the environment around it. 

Cherenkov's radiation or the blue light flash is a good example of how a particle can cross the speed of light. When a particle that travels with the speed of light impacting water. 

That thing causes a blue light shockwave. And the reason for that is simple: light travels in the air faster than it travels in water.  And when the particle's speed is slowing. It must release its kinetic energy as the blue light shockwave.  

Things like Cherenkov's radiation and Boötes void prove that the speed of light depends on the medium where the light travels. And there is an empty area in the universe there is no reflection or scattering effect that slows the speed of light. 

One reason that makes scattering effect slows the speed of photons is that scattering puts the photon travel a meandering trajectory. When a photon releases energy quantum every time it changes its direction. That thing makes it impossible to increase the photon's energy level.

There is a possibility, that regular high-energy radiation from the neutron star or magnetar can make the jet cross the speed of light. In that hypothetical situation. The intensive energy of the jet of the neutron star can wipe out other particles and quantum fields. And that thing makes the neutron star's beam travel at a higher speed than light. But the photon's speed is always on the top. So light travels faster in that high-energy beam that is outside it. 


So can spacecraft travel with the speed of light? 


The idea is the same with the warp bubble. There is the possibility that someday researchers can create a spacecraft where is a ball-shaped annihilation chamber inside it. The antimatter system detonates particle-antiparticle pairs in that chamber. The energy bubbles that are traveling outside the craft push material and electromagnetic fields like particles and quantum fields away from the craft. 

And that thing forms a small-size void around that thing. That allows light to travel faster than outside that bubble. That kind of system makes it possible to create a jet and an area where other particles increase at the same speed. 


https://www.livescience.com/can-anything-travel-faster-speed-of-light


https://www.newscientist.com/article/2342191-jet-from-neutron-stars-seems-to-travel-seven-times-the-speed-of-light/


https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Saturday, December 4, 2021

The existence of quantum spin liquids is now confirmed. And a new state of matter is found.

The existence of quantum spin liquids is now confirmed. And a new state of matter is found.



Could quantum spin or neutron liquid be found in neutron stars?


The idea of quantum spin liquids is from the 1970s or 1980s. Physicists predicted the existence of this material in the 1970s. And in the 1980s some people believed that there was a so-called neutron liquid in the neutron stars. 

That kind of liquid would be extremely hard pressured and very heavy neutrons. That material would be liquid, but the weight is even more than the surface of neutron stars. The reason for that is that the extremely high energy load of those neutrons. The inner neutrons are formed near the center of the exploded star. 

During a supernova explosion, the inner particles get more energy than the outer particles. And that is making them heavier than the neutrons of the surface. The idea is that the fast spin and higher energy level of those neutrons make them fall below the lower energetic neutrons that are on the surface of the neutron star. 

So there should be similar structures in neutron stars with normal stars. The highest energetic neutrons are the heaviest. And they are in the middle of the neutron star. 

But now the existence of quantum liquid is confirmed also on Earth. That thing could be the next big thing in quantum computing. The difference between normal liquid and quantum liquid is explained in the article of Phys.org. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-scientists-document-presence-quantum-liquids.html

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-new-state-of-matter-quantum-spin-liquids-could-enable-next-generation-quantum-computing/



x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x

The next text is taken from the Phys Org. 


"In conventional magnets, electron spins point up or down in some regular pattern. In the everyday refrigerator magnet, for example, the spins all point toward the same direction. This happens because the spins usually work in a checker box pattern and can pair so that they can point in the same direction or alternating ones, keeping a certain order."

Quantum spin liquids display none of that magnetic order. This happens because, essentially, there is a third spin added, turning the checker box pattern into a triangular pattern. While a pair can always stabilize in one direction or another, in a triangle, the third spin will always be the odd electron out. This makes for a "frustrated" magnet where the electron spins can't stabilize in a single direction" (https://phys.org/news/2021-12-scientists-document-presence-quantum-liquids.html)

x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x


Overlapping of electron cores is a common thing. But what if that happens in zero kelvin degrees?


The quantum liquid has caused the idea that there might be many other quantum materials than time crystals and quantum spin liquids. The quantum spin liquid can be the next step in quantum computing. The reason for that is that this thing can create structures that are looking like time crystals. 

The quantum spin liquid can form the long lines of quantum particles. And that thing would make it possible to transmit data in quantum computers. The quantum spin liquid would look like a little bit of amoeba or macrophage when the magnets are pulling it to the receiver. Then that liquid is acting like a giant time crystal. 

The quantum spin liquid is making an idea that there could be very bizarre materials in the quantum world. In normal material, the atoms are separated from each other. The electron cores of the atoms keep them away from each other. But in the quantum world where the energy level of atoms is very low. The material is in the form of Bose-Einstein condensate. So what if orbitals of atoms are overlapping in zero-kelvin degrees?

Overlapping of the orbitals of the atom is possible. That thing is seen in methane. But could the large mass of an atom's orbitals overlap with each other in large-scale structures? Or could the atom's orbitals overlap with each other in Bose-Einstein condensate? And what kind of molecules would form in zero-energetic conditions?

In that case, the electron cores are at a minimum energy level. And the trajectories of the electrons are at the most out position. That case is giving an idea of the material where electrons are orbiting between electron cores of another atom. When electrons are traveling overlapping between different atoms. That thing can create a new type of quantum material. 

Could somewhere be the situation that in the material that is in minimum energy level electrons can travel overlapping the electron cores of other atoms? That means the atoms are overlapping with each other in the extremely low energy level that is called Bose-Einstein condensate. But that kind of liquid is not probably noticed. 



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate


Overlapping of atom cores articles: 


http://www.organicmystery.com/MolecularStructure/OverlappingOfOrbitals.php


https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/79985/do-orbitals-overlap


Gluons and the strong nuclear interaction.

When we think about energy flow from the strongest to the weakest. Free energy. That causes an atom’s decay. It is formed. Or. Released in t...