There was no dark energy. Or dark matter in the young universe. A new theory suggests.

“Schematic representation of rotating disc galaxies in the distant Universe and the present day. Observations with ESO’s Very Large Telescope suggest that such massive star-forming disc galaxies in the early Universe were less influenced by dark matter. As a result the outer parts of distant galaxies rotate more slowly than comparable regions of galaxies in the local Universe. Their rotations curves, rather than being flat, drop with increasing radius.” (SciTechDaily, ESO Observations Show Dark Matter Less Influential in Galaxies in Early Universe) 

That means that. Dark and visible matter were once the same. But then their energy levels turned different. And they lost their ability to interact in any way other than through gravity.  

In the beginning of time. Just after the Big Bang. There was no dark matter. And no dark energy. All matter and energy were the same. In some models, it was the distance from the Big Bang. Or. Differences in energy levels in the young universe caused. That visible and dark matter started to separate. 

Visible matter. And. Dark matter separated. And visible energy separated from dark energy. When the universe started to expand. And. Matter started to form. There formed pockets. When. Matter started to form galaxies. There formed cosmic low-energy areas. Today, those areas are called great voids. Those voids separate galactic superclusters. From. Each other. When matter went into those voids. It. Lost its energy. That formed matter; that energy was different from normal matter. This means that. Dark matter could be matter. That energy level is different than visible matter. In this case, we must think oppositely. 

We should think that dark matter is normal matter. And visible matter is very rare. Because. Only 4,9% of the universe is visible. 26.8% of matter is dark. And 68,3% of energy is dark. In. Some models. Dark energy is a remnant of particles. Existed in the young universe. Those particles vanished. Or they bound into other particles. 

Observations suggest dark matter was less influential in the early universe. This suggests. A difference between dark matter and visible matter was lower. Than. In the modern universe. This causes a thought. That maybe the energy level makes visible matter visible. And dark matter is dark. Maybe the energy levels of dark and visible matter are different. 

And that causes an interesting idea. It’s possible. That matter can turn into dark matter when it travels into a cosmic void. Or maybe matter turns dark. When. It travels out from a galaxy. When. A photon hits visible matter. That particle takes its energy into its quantum field. 

Then it starts to deliver that extra energy. As. Electromagnetic radiation. When a particle travels into a lower-energy area. It. Starts to deliver energy out of it. In this model, dark energy. That. Hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) deliver. The idea is that. When. A particle travels out of a galaxy. It delivers energy. And its size expands. Because. Its environment’s quantum pressure cannot push against it. When. Particle travels. Out. Of the galactic cluster. It delivers energy again. 

This means: Energy that those very low-energy particles send. It might not be very strong. But there are lots of objects. In that model, dark matter is matter. That energy level is lower than it is in galaxies. And in that model, dark matter is originally visible matter. Particles send low-energy photons when they travel out of the galaxy. And. Then those particles send photons again when they travel out of galactic clusters’ halos. Their energy level is lower. 

Than. The energy level in galaxies is. In this model, visible matter can turn into dark matter. In. This model. The dark matter. Is like an elementary version. Of. A Bose-Einstein condensate. In that model, elementary particles can expand to a very large size. 

Dark matter doesn’t resonate. That is. The thing. That makes dark matter invisible. This means that two things can make hypothetical WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) invisible. There is a possibility.  WIMPs are elementary versions of the Bose-Einstein condensate. This means. Those particles are heavily expanded versions of particles that we know. 

Another version of that model is this. The WIMP spins very fast. And it stores and focuses energy in a new way. This means that the hypothetical WIMP particle transforms the wavelength of the wave that hits it. And. If the dark matter particle's size differs from regular matter. That means they cannot resonate. In this theory, the dark matter particles are so-called fuzzy. They can receive energy. But they deliver it very slowly. 

That means they emit radiation. But that radiation is too weak. We cannot see it through the galactic halo. The densest point of dark matter is near the galactic center. But most of the dark matter is in the galaxy’s outer edge. And. The dark matter halo surrounds the entire galaxy. Most of the dark matter is in the dark matter halo. That raises an interesting question. That question is. Could dark matter form when regular matter, like electrons, protons, and neutrons, escapes from the galaxy? 

The idea is this. When. Those particles leave the galaxy. They will enter an area where the energy level is very low. That means quantum fields don’t press those particles. Those particles will start to expand. So could that expansion turn particles into “ghosts”? Positions. Where the dark matter is located. Supports that model. This means that when particles escape from galaxy clusters, they lose energy once more. And that expands their size. So, in this model, dark matter has a lower energy level than galaxies. And galaxy clusters. If we continue this chain. 

We can think that. Outside galactic clusters is a very large mass of matter. Whose energy level is so low that we cannot see it. If. That is the dark matter. We cannot create instruments that see that matter. That matter cannot emit radiation that we can see. The reason for that is this. That matter has a lower temperature than the minimum in a galaxy. So we cannot create a sensor. That temperature is low enough. That. We can see that dark matter. 

So, what makes dark matter special? Why can't we see dark matter in a galaxy? It could be that. When. Galactic gravity pulls that matter. In. The galaxy. Dark matter behaves like a plastic bag or a half-empty balloon. Gravity stretches those particles. And that causes an effect: it doesn’t interact with the environment. Or other interactions happen so weakly. That other radiation covers it. And that’s why we cannot detect that matter. 

https://interestingengineering.com/space/26-7-billion-years-old-universe

https://science.nasa.gov/universe/overview/building-blocks/

https://scitechdaily.com/eso-observations-show-dark-matter-less-influential-in-galaxies-in-early-universe/

https://www.uottawa.ca/faculty-science/news-all/theory-predicting-older-universe-without-dark-matter-dark-energy-passes-key-cosmological

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Could a graviton be a low-energy photon?

Image of a photon.

We can think of gravity as forming when particles or objects spin. That spin binds energy from around it. That spin turns quantum fields, or quantum field energy, into kinetic energy. When. Particle spin binds energy. Energy that comes from around that particle tries to fill that area. And that means the traveling field pulls other particles with it. The field carries the particle. Then we can think about the gravitational wave. Energy ditch. That travels in the universe. The reason. Why the gravitational wave transports everything into the gravitational center.

It is in the universe’s expansion. And. Energy level. In the universe, it decreases. So. If we look at the gravitational waves. The energy level in the environment around gravitational waves decreases. So.  We can say that the next gravitational wave is always deeper than the first. And that pulls objects to the gravitational center. 

There is a possibility. that. Short-wavelength radiation causes particles around the gravitational center to spin. In this model, every single particle is an independent gravitational center. The strength of those centers is determined by entropy. 

There is a possibility. That. When energy travels through a particle.

It. Takes energy with it. If that particle starts to spin, it binds energy inside it. The question is always: Could a particle? Or. Its shell. Or something inside it forms some quantum tornado. That thing is the structure. That transports energy out from it. If. That energy flow is strong enough. That transports all reflections into that direction. 

When. An energy string travels through a particle. It acts like a thermal pump. When the energy level at the ends of the string is lower. That quantum antenna transports energy in two directions. And the equatorial structure binds energy. 

So when a particle’s spin speed increases. That means the particle binds more energy into it. 

That means that. We could see that effect as a gravitational wave. We could say. The mysterious graviton particle is the thing. That causes the gravitational waves. 

But. What is that particle? Could it be a photon? That. Is in a very low energy level? There is a possibility. That energy field travels through a photon. That energy acts like wind. It turns (or cools) the photon around it into a very low energy level. This makes energy travel into those photons. 

Could the quantum wind that travels through photons form the effect that we know as a graviton or WIMP? If the quantum wind travels through photons. That freezes it. Or transports energy out from the photon.  That effect. It. Turns the photon’s energy level lower. Than. The environment. This drives quantum fields to photons. And that could explain why nobody has seen a WIMP or graviton. 

Photons can act as particles in that case. If. The photon spins very fast. That causes an effect: the photon sends waves Into. 

The middle of it. This means. Photon. Transports. Its energy into the structure. In the middle of it. This happens when the photon’s outer structure. turns into a higher energy level than its inner structure. The photon is a donut-shaped particle. That can also explain why we cannot see gravitons. 

When some energy string travels through a photon. That. Binds energy into it. And transports energy out from that structure. 

That quantum string. Or quantum wind acts like a thermal pump. That keeps the photon’s energy level low. 

That energy focus can start to spin. That forms a small quantum tornado. That tornado transports energy out of the photon. And that can turn the photon into a low-energy object. In this model, the photon is like a wheel. 

And there is a quantum-sized energy string. That keeps the photon in a lower-energy state. That. Means that the graviton could be a cold photon. But could that quantum wind keep the photon’s energy level lower than the environment? This is the key element in the direction of the interaction. Energy always travels to a lower energy level. So. How can the particle’s energy level always be lower than the environment? Could dark matter or WIMP particles be the particles? 

That reflection hides behind the galactic halos?  Is it possible that WIMPs can exist only near galaxies? There is also a possibility. That there is lots of atomic hydrogen between galaxies. And outside galactic clusters, that are colder than galaxies. This makes it very hard to detect that matter. 

But could that effect also explain WIMPs? Dark matter particles. Or. Weakly interacting massive particles could also be photons. Or they could be some other particles that can transport their energy. From there, very fast. One suggestion is that. The. WIMPs.  And gravitons can be quantum-sized black holes. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-demonstrate-swarm-of-photons-that-somersault-in-lockstep/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

A new model suggests the Milky Way's supermassive black hole sacrifices its own energy to boost cosmic rays.

“In this artist’s conception, the black hole at the center of our galaxy is surrounded by a hot disk of accreting material. Blue lines trace magnetic fields. Credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“Most of the intense radiation associated with actively feeding black holes originates from surrounding matter rather than from the black holes themselves. However, physicist Roger Penrose proposed in 1969 that rotating black holes could also surrender some of their own energy through a mechanism known as the Penrose process.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

"This process operates in the ergosphere, a region where the black hole’s rotation twists spacetime so strongly that everything must move in the direction of its spin.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“In the new study, researchers modeled neutrons produced by nuclear reactions in the hot gas surrounding Sagittarius A*. Some neutrons could enter the ergosphere and decay into protons, electrons, and antineutrinos. The resulting charged particles would interact with the magnetic field, potentially allowing protons to escape with enormous amounts of energy.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“These accelerated protons would travel outward and collide with dense gas in the Central Molecular Zone surrounding the Galactic center. Such collisions can produce gamma rays and neutrinos, providing potential observational evidence of the mechanism.” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“Schematic of how decaying particles can extract energy from a black hole. Credit: Cermeño, et al.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

But then we can ask: can the gamma rays alone cause the effect? Their quarks and hadrons can turn into energy. That means. Gamma rays, or X-rays. They can turn the quarks into wave movement. This means that the effect can look like the Coulomb explosion. This happens when that radiation strips electrons away from atoms. And the proton repulsive effect. Rips atoms into pieces. An. Ultimate version. Gamma photons can turn quarks into radiation. That high-energy photon can hit the quark. And that energy is released. 

The black hole’s radiation turns weaker. That causes an effect. Where energy. that is stored in quarks starts to travel out from it. The fact is this: those collisions are very rare in the regular universe. But near black holes, there are lots more high-energy photons than around other objects. Things. Like Coulomb explosions. And interatomic Coulomb decays can release more energy into that area. 

“Animation of Coulomb explosion of a cluster of atoms. The big circles are atoms; their hue indicates charge (red is neutral, green is positive). The small circles are electrons; their hue indicates kinetic energy. Because. The electrons move so quickly on this time scale. They. Are seen only stroboscopically. (Wikipedia, Coulomb Explosion). This effect can also break atomic nuclei. That requires. The energy impulses strip its electrons away. 

The new model suggests that the Sagittarius A* the surpermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way transfers its kinetic energy to protons. Protons receive that energy. And then transmit it forward. That is one thing. That can form the cosmic rays. Or particles. That are at a far higher energy level. That particle accelerators can create. This means. That cosmic rays are a very interesting and complex question. When. We think. About the possibility that the black hole transfers energy. That. Its spin forms straight into protons. 

This means that fields around the black hole's singularity also spin. When a proton impacts that spinning field, it receives energy. If. The field spins with the singularity. That means. Protons start to spin in the opposite direction. That causes an effect. The proton starts to stretch. This pulls one or two quarks away from the proton’s structure.  Two up and one down quark form a proton. There are also other particles. This can happen when a stretched proton falls through the event horizon. 

When. Those quarks' distance from each other becomes too long.  That cuts. The strong nuclear interaction bonds that keep those quarks in the proton. That releases lots of energy. That can send quarks through the universe with enormous energy levels. 

But as we know, the energy fields around the supermassive black holes are more complex. Than. Nobody thought. Radiation from the supermassive black holes is enormous. That radiation can destroy small objects near it. The high-energy radiation can destroy chemical bonds. And when the bond breaks. It releases the energy that those bonds stored. 

This means that radiation around black holes can cause an effect called a Coulomb explosion. Or. The effect is similar to a Coulomb explosion. 

In. Coulomb explosion, or its ultimate version. Strings that form quarks turn straight. If. That happens in a proton or neutron. The energy pushes other quarks away. And that can break the quark bonds. In nature, that can happen when an anti-electron (positron) hits an electron. That sends gamma photons at a 180-degree angle. That can cause a situation. There, the gamma photon hits the quark. That can release so much energy that it can push the electrons away. That causes. That increases. The distance between protons in the atom’s core. That releases free energy in the atom. And that can rip the atom in pieces. 

The high-energy environment causes that.  More energy can be trapped in particles. When a particle closes the black hole, the energy level around it rises. The energy level in atoms and elementary particles can rise. Until. The black hole separates from its halo. When. The black hole gets less matter. Its. radiation level decreases. That causes a situation. Where. Energy starts to travel out from particles. 

That releases energy stored in those quarks. Basically, that interaction is similar to annihilation. A high-energy X-ray or gamma photon hits a quark. That quark receives that energy. When. That happens. For. A short moment. The quark is in a quantum vacuum. That vacuum rips the quark into pieces. 

But anyway, the strong radiation near the black hole can strip electrons from all ions and atoms. In that process, the high-energy photons bomb atoms’ cores. Without. Without electron shells. The repulsive effect of the protons rips atoms apart. That releases the energy of bonds. That keeps atoms in one piece. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-monster-black-hole-may-be-sacrificing-its-own-energy-to-power-cosmic-rays/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_explosion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interatomic_Coulombic_decay

The next step is to reconcile quantum mechanics with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.

In large-scale structures. Gravity is the dominant force. The problem is that gravity is also the weakest of the four fundamental interactions. The other three are the strong and weak nuclear interactions and electromagnetism. Gravity is the only interaction that affects over long distances. And that makes gravity the most important interaction. When we think about quantum gravity, we can see that all regular gravity centers, like Earth, are made of particles. We see that structure as solid. But all particles are gravity centers. That means the gravity centers like the Earth are a swarm of multiple gravity centers. 

In regular objects. There are also other interactions. Along. With gravity. That means those objects are very entropic. Strong. And weak nuclear interactions. Electromagnetism is also causing a repulsive effect. And if we were to remove all interactions other than gravitational interactions. That would turn objects into black holes. The fact is that. Electrons push each other away. 

The same way as protons repel each other. Before we can push quarks and electrons into one entity. We. Must win. The repulsive interaction between electrons, and then make the same thing with protons. That requires an enormous, completely symmetrical energy impulse. The energy impulse must be so strong that it wins over electromagnetism. And the weak. And the strong interaction. The energy impulse must not let that resistance energy away. Or some. Yet unknown radiation must blow the weak interaction and all other interactions. Than. Gravity away from the atom. 

The reason why we cannot just press things like atoms into black holes is that. Energy compresses these electrons and quarks into one structure. Called a singularity, which releases energy. When electrons and protons press together, that causes energy realease. Half of the object's mass. It turns into energy. That energy is formed when protons impact electrons. And energy must win the weak nuclear interaction. So. That it can press all electrons, protons, and neutrons into one common quantum field. And then that energy must press quarks into one entity. That requires lots of energy. 

In theories, gravity forms when particles spin. So when particles spin, they bind energy into kinetic energy. That means the graviton must have spin 1 or more. That means that. It's possible. That the graviton forms in strings or quantum tornadoes. When those quantum tornadoes impact the quark. 

"A groundbreaking new technique has revealed the first detailed image of an individual photon.

(Image credit: Ben Yuen and Angela Demetriadou)(LiveScience)

They can form. A little bit similar. In the form of a photon. When that quantum tornado hits the quark. That. Structure forms a quantum low-pressure. At. That point. This explains why gravitation is so weak at short distances. But it interacts through long distances. 

When that quantum tornado sometimes loses contact with quarks. It pulls the quantum field inside it. That thing explains gravitational waves. 

That spin rolls the quantum field inside the particle. The idea is that the gravity field is like a river. That pulls objects with it. So, gravitation is the field interaction. But another model is that. The gravitational fields interact through quantum entanglement. This means. That. The gravitational field turns into a superposition with other gravitational fields. Then energy starts to travel between those two objects. This means that those objects roll the quantum field into them. And then that field travels to the spin axle. This means. Gravity would not be a force at all. But then we must remember a couple of things. Quantum gravity. It is not necessarily the same as the effect. That. We know as gravity. 

The evaporation of matter. That makes particles interact like ice. With their environment. When a particle turns into wave movement. That binds energy or quantum fields into itself. That makes them act like ice. And that puts energy into motion. 

Gravity is the only thing that affects particles in the same way. The other thing is that. When. We think that gravity pulls photons in gravitational lensing. We forget that if that gravity model is real. The gravity center packs quantum fields around it. And those fields could turn the photon’s direction. But. It is also possible. That. Gravity pulls energy out of the photon. And. That turns the photon’s trajectory. The photon is the donut-shaped particle. And in some theories, the photon can transform into a neutrino. That means the photon’s donut-shaped structure. That forms the photon. Starts to spin. Like. A standing. Coin. This makes the structure look virtually ball-shaped. This explains. Why. Neutrinos have such weak interactions. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/einstein-general-theory-relativity-equation/

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/quantum-physics/the-shape-of-light-scientists-reveal-image-of-an-individual-photon-for-1st-time-ever

https://physics.mit.edu/research/labs-centers/mit-center-for-theoretical-physics-leinweber-institute/research-efforts-in-the-center-for-theoretical-physics/quantum-gravity-and-field-theory/

https://quantumzeitgeist.com/institute-theoretical-physics-links-gravity/

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/06/260619020516.htm

https://www.techexplorist.com/gravity-connected-hidden-information-inside-universe/105733/

Gravitational lensing can uncover dark matter.

“Artist’s impression illustrating how wave-like density patterns produced by ultralight dark matter could warp space and alter the path of light from a distant source. As the light travels past the lensing object on its way to Earth, it follows a distorted path shaped by the surrounding mass distribution. The reflective sphere symbolizes the still-unknown nature of dark matter. The image was created using 3D computer graphics software. Credit: Amruth Alfred.” (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter May Behave Like Waves and a Distant Quasar Could Prove It)

Distant quasars can prove that dark matter acts like waves. And if the mythical WIMP is a quantum-sized black hole. That explains gravitational waves. This means that the graviton is a WIMP. That missing graviton boson is just the traveling quantum-sized black hole. This means that. When. Those quantum-sized black holes travel through the universe. They bind energy from around them. And that can explain why gravity is so special. 

Dark matter can bend light. And that can make it possible to see the WIMP. Dark matter is a mystery. It is a gravitational effect with an invisible source. Some galaxies seem to have less dark matter than others. That tells us dark matter can be denser in some areas. And less dense. In some other areas. How dense could those dark matter nebulas be? Nobody knows. Could dark matter form black holes in a very dense energy field? It should. 

Have the ability. To form a black hole. If. Dark matter particles interact through gravity. They should. Have the ability. To form black holes. The black hole doesn’t just pull matter inside it. Its energy also pushes particles away.  So if WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are quantum-sized black holes. Their halos could have a stronger push effect. Compared. With the event horizon size. than so-called “regular” black holes do. 

The only fact that reseachers know about that strange phenomenon is this. Dark matter. Has gravitational interaction with visible matter. There are. Many things that dark matter could be. In some visions, dark matter is a particle. 

Inside some other particle. And if the particle spins very fast. That spin forms the quantum vacuum around the particle. 

When quantum fields from around the particle try to fill that point. That. Increases the pull of the particle’s gravitational field. When wave movement travels through that microvacuum. That microvacuum stretches it. Its wave movement becomes longer. 

Another version of that model is that Dark matter could be quantum-sized black holes. 

There is also a model. That dark matter is the cosmic minivacuums. Those microvacuums form when very high-energy particles travel outside the galaxy. When. Those particles travel out from the galactic halo. 

They suddenly go into a very low-energy space. This makes them release energy very fast. That forms a cosmic microvacuum. This acts like a particle. 

If. Particles like photons or electrons form outside the galaxy supercluster. They travel faster than they can travel in the supercluster. They release their energy into the plasma. That connects galaxies in the supercluster. And that forms the radiation. 

In some other models, dark energy and dark matter are connected to the universe’s expansion.

There could be a denser plasma wave at the outer border of the universe. That plasma formed when the Big Bang sent an energy wave into the universe. When. That energy wave traveled through space. There formed whirls in that energy. Those whirls turned into the first electrons and later quarks. 

Today, the expansion of the universe forms similar but lower-energy whirls behind that borderline of the universe. There. Could be cosmic microvacuums just inside the plasma wave. And when particles go into that microvacuum, they evaporate. 

If. We think that most of the matter in the universe is at the outer border of the universe. So. The border of the universe is heavier than the internal areas. If. Most galaxies are in that border. 

That means the border sends energy into the universe’s internal areas. There, that energy reflects. And pushes the outer border outward. If the outer border of the universe. Particles also escape from the universe. In that case, those particles also evaporate. They send radiation. And subparticles back to the universe. Those particles impact the universe’s borderline. And they travel faster. Than. They should. 

When those particles impact the universe. They. Must release their kinetic energy. This forms Cherenkov radiation in the universe. That radiation forms when quarks or some other particles hit the border of the universe. The same thing happens inside the plasma wave. But. When a particle evaporates inside that plasma wave. All energy and subparticles can escape from the universe only through that plasma border. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-may-behave-like-waves-and-a-distant-quasar-could-prove-it/

Black holes don’t make information vanish. They just. Transform it into another form.

“Even in the complete absence of external matter, black holes aren’t completely dark, as a very small amount of low-energy radiation gets emitted due to quantum processes: Hawking radiation. Whether or not this radiation preserves and encodes all of the information that went into creating and growing the black hole has not yet been determined. This is the heart of the black hole information paradox.” (Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

So is Hawking radiation? The thing that forms gravity? The idea is this. The gravitational effect is an interaction between the center of gravity and its environment. In. Some ideas. The gravitational effect is an interaction that begins when wave movement. With a very short wavelength travels in the universe. That wave movement seems straight from outside. When that wave movement travels through quantum fields, it forms rolls or whirls. Those whirls travel in opposite directions.  Those quantum whirls carry the particles and other energy into the gravitational center.

That. Short-wave radiation can form.  When. Entropy at the event horizon lets energy travel out from the black hole.

The information paradox means that information cannot vanish. Not even black holes destroy information. The event horizon transforms the information stored in the matter and energy it pulls in into another form.  Event horizons are not separate from other structures in black holes. But that is the last point where we can get observations. The event horizon is a high-energy point at the edge of a black hole. Its energy level is high because of matter. And. Energy flow.

That comes from the black hole’s environment. Impacts particles that orbit the black hole. There, friction and field interactions form very strong whirls.

The structure seems solid. But those whirls mean local entropy that the black hole can leak.  The event horizon’s energy dams the black hole’s internal structures. That point is one part of the structure that keeps the black hole in its form. The event horizon is like a wall around the gravity pothole. This means that. The gravity pothole is partially invisible because the energy level in the event horizon is so high. But then we must realize that the event horizon is the point. There. The escape velocity is almost the same. As. The speed of light. The reality is that.

Same way as in all other places. Black holes have local and global entropy. All structures in black holes interact with other structures. But we can observe black holes as a global structure. Or we can use a microscopic view and observe some of its parts. The event horizon is the last point. There, we can get information. Behind. That. Everything is just theory. There is no way to get confirmed information through the event horizon. But we can observe its interactions with the internal and external environment. Even if there are whirls outside the event horizon. That doesn’t automatically mean that there are similar quantum whirls inside the event horizon. 

Because. Escape velocity at the event horizon Is. The same as the speed of light. There. Photons also orbit the black hole. And all radiation that we see comes from the front of the event horizon. The event horizon can trap information. And if it stretches information. That point would look like a structure there; spaghetti orbits the ball. The energy level in that structure turns too high. That pushes the black hole’s material disk and halo away. That increases the distances between the micro-whirls. And allows information to escape from the black hole. That leak can be gravitational radiation or Hawking radiation. Does that radiation come from inside or outside the event horizon? That is the big question.

“The matter that creates black holes won’t be what comes out when they evaporate. Will the black hole information paradox ever be solved?” (Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

***********************************

Information paradox.

“If you take a book and burn it, the information of what was on the page will be encoded in the ashes that remain from the process of burning; there is no information loss.”

“But when matter goes into creating or growing a black hole, there’s no known relation between that information and the Hawking radiation that eventually comes out.”

“Is information conserved when black holes evaporate or not, and if so, how is that information preserved? This is the question at the core of the black hole information paradox: perhaps the grandest mystery of all.”

(Big Think, Starts with a Bang, The information paradox at the heart of every black hole)

***********************************

These spaghetti-shaped information strings that orbit the black hole’s singularity are one of the things. Why. The black hole is so powerful. The situation looks like a case. We try to step on a very fast-spinning ball. That fast-spinning structure pulls energy into it. Most of the energy and matter that fall into a black hole follow a spiral trajectory. Energy, or information. That comes from behind. Push particles forward. So we can compare gravity to a tsunami.

Wave movement. With a very short wavelength. Can create structure that seems straight. Like. In a tsunami. That travels near the bottom of the sea. The gravitational wave travels in space. That thing forms whirls around that gravitational beam. Those whirls travel backward.

To the gravitational center. They push particles ahead of them. So. Does the black hole? Just transform the shape of information. Into the form of gravitational waves. Could Hawking radiation be? The thing that forms gravity.

If. The black hole’s halo and material disk withdraw from the event horizon. That event forms. A small microvacuum can pull photons out of the event horizon. Also, high-energy gamma rays decrease entropy in the material disk. And that causes a situation. There, some particles can escape from the black hole’s gravity.

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/paradox-black-hole/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_information_paradox

White holes: do they exist?

“Although there are no observed white holes within our Universe, the theoretical description of one has many facets in common with what we identify as the hot Big Bang. There could be a connection between white holes and what happens on the other side of black holes, with implications for the origins of our own Universe.” (BigThink, Ask Ethan: Do white holes, the opposite of black holes, physically exist?)

The existence of white holes is uncertain. No confirmed observations of white holes exist. That phenomenon should be the opposite of black holes.  It should be. End of the wormhole. Mathematically, that event exists. But the problem is that nobody has seen it yet. Theoretical gravitational wormholes are channels through space and time. 

But why can’t we see white holes? The easy answer should be. That. They don’t exist. But then we can start to think about other possibilities. There is a possibility. That even if white holes exist. They are not similar objects to stars or black holes. This means that if the wormhole is like a spring. And if that structure acts like a spring. 

That means. When the end of the wormhole closes, the structure starts to open like a serpent. This means that the structure loses its density. And. Let’s energy travel out from it more slowly. Than we even imagine. That means the wormhole is a leaking tube. 

And it leaves energy over a longer distance. This means that the white hole might not have a sharp-edged shape like black holes. There is a possibility. The white hole sends out high-energy gamma photons, so we cannot see those photons or the white hole. And that causes an interesting thought. What if a white hole is invisible?

Another possibility is even more interesting. That possibility is that. If. A white hole is the opposite version of a black hole. That causes an effect. Where. Matter and energy come out from the wormhole to form a bubble. So. Could the wormhole be responsible for the cosmic voids? 

Another version of this model is even more interesting. In this model, the thing is. Maybe energy. That travels in the wormhole. Just pushes the bubble ahead of it. This means that a wormhole and a white hole could exist. But we cannot see them. Because. All of them are outside the universe. This means that a wormhole pushes that bubble ahead of it. Until. It comes out of the universe. 

“A twin of the cosmic filament observed in the MUDF, as seen in a supercomputer simulation describing the large-scale distribution of gas in the Universe. The gas flowing within the cosmic web, feeding galaxy formation at filament intersections, is shown in purple. Credit: Davide Tornotti/University of Milano-Bicocca/MPA” (ScitechDaily, First Direct Image of the Cosmic Web Reveals the Universe’s Hidden Highways)

Outside the universe, quantum resistance cannot keep that structure. Its form. The wormhole’s diameter can be less than a quark. This means that those hypothetical wormholes can be. The same. As hypothetical superstrings. 

There is a model. In which dark energy forms in those hypothetical wormholes. The wormhole is structured so that the entropy is minimal. That allows information to travel faster than outside it. The best evidence of the wormhole's existence is the cosmic web. The galaxy filament. A giant megastructure that connects galaxy clusters. Those filaments can form only if there is a gravitational center. 

The third and most fascinating idea is: maybe the white hole is anchored in time. This means that. The white hole is not bound in time like regular stars. So the white hole exists only at one point in time. When. We travel through time. The white hole’s location in time remains static. And we would see that event as a flash. But then we must realize. Maybe the white hole is an event. That. Connected with the black hole formation. 

When we think about a black hole’s gravitation. Its. Escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. This means. Time dilation causes a situation where time travels backwards in the black hole’s event horizon. This means that a black hole transports information into the past. Or into a point in spacetime. Where the black hole formed. This. Is logical. 

Einstein’s theory of relativity describes time dilation like this. Time moves slower. When. Speed rises. When speed reaches the speed of light. Time stops. And when speed crosses the speed of light. Time should start moving backwards. Gravity is directly compatible with speed. So, when escape velocity crosses the speed of light. 

That means time moves backward. And that forms the model that a black hole itself is a white hole. In this model, the black hole itself transports information. Into. The point where it was born. We see a white hole as the flash of the supernova explosion. Those models are interesting. But they are only models. Direct observations are needed to confirm those events. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/white-holes-exist/

https://scitechdaily.com/first-direct-image-of-the-cosmic-web-reveals-the-universes-hidden-highways/