The String theory and the 5-plet problem.

"Concept image of strange particles in an atom." (InterestingEngineering)

The 5-plet is a strange 5-particle group detected in the Large Hadron Collider that can challenge String theory and give answers for Dark Matter problems. The problem is that the 5-plet must not exist in the String model. But it still exists. When we think about String theory itself, that theory seems to give answers to every problem in the universe. String theory has the same problem with the Big Bang theory. That theory is commonly accepted, even if it's incomplete. String theory is made for filling the Big Bang theory giving answers to where the material that formed the Big Bang came from. The purpose of String Theory is to answer the question: What “exploded" in the Big Bang? 

String theory is not the same as the Grand Unified Theory, GUT. Some people think that the String theory gives answers to all problems in the universe. 

That is not even close to the truth. The String theory handles small parts of the entirety. And the thing that supports some kind of superstring’s existence is the cosmic web. The main idea of the String theory is that the internal superstrings or energy channels form a dimension. And the universe is like a bubble in one extremely large superstring. Those strings also form material and everything. And every single particle is a bubble in a superstring. We often forget that the Superstring theory is a repair tool for the Big Bang theory, which should explain where the material and energy came from. 

(InterestingEngineering)

The problem with the Big Bang theory is this: it doesn’t answer one of the most critical questions in physics. Where did that energy that formed the Big Bang come from? The Big Bang theory's basement is in the wave-particle duality, WPD. That means wave movement can turn into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But without wave movement, there are no particles. So there are many updates in the Big Bang theory. The most modern model is that time itself formed the Big Bang. And the Big Bang was rather the Big Burst than the single Bang. That means in modern models the Big Bang was a series of events that formed the material in the form as we know it. 

That means the Big Bang was some kind of annihilation, but it doesn’t answer where those particles that formed the annihilation came from. One of the suggestions for that question is that there formed a giant black hole that exploded.  That black hole could have formed from wave movement that existed before the Big Bang. Or, another suggestion is that the hypothetical black hole was a remnant of the universe that existed before our universe. The multiverse model explains the space as a dimension where Big Bangs happen all the time. And universes form in the crossing points of other universes' radiation. That radiation pushes particles or wave movement into the points where their gravitational effect starts to form new universes. 

But proving that the model is not a very easy thing. If there is material outside the universe, that material is so cold that we cannot see it. But the multiverse is a logical conclusion that begins from the galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The idea is that the universe itself is part of a larger entirety. But then we face another way to answer the problem of where everything came from. That answer is written in a very incomplete Brane theory. The idea is that the dimension or third dimension simply collapsed. That opened the channel from the fourth dimension straight to the second dimension. That energy channel formed the event called the Big Bang. If that model can be true the 3D material cannot close that channel because its energy level is too high. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/ghost-particles-that-could-snap-string-theory

https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/things-know-can-data-large-hadron-collider-snap-string-theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

Hunting the fifth force.

"Physicists are pushing the boundaries of the Standard Model by investigating the possibility of a fifth fundamental force using ultra-precise measurements of calcium atoms. By comparing subtle energy shifts in isotopes, researchers hope to uncover signs of new physics that could help explain the universe’s hidden mass. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Physicists Close In on the Fifth Force That Could Unlock the Mystery of Dark Matter)

Researchers search for the fifth force. The fifth force can be the thing that we know as dark energy and dark matter. There are four known interactions or forces in the universe. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, and weak and strong nuclear interactions, or, forces. There is a possibility that the fifth force is the opposite of gravity. So that causes a question: can there be material without the fifth force? 

That fifth force can be the mirror-gravitation. Normal gravity has only pulling ability. And that means the fifth force can have only a pushing effect. There is a model that the color charge, or, using other words, we can say quantum colors can have similar interactions with the fifth force. 

The quantum color between gluons in the strong interaction can open the fifth force to us. That means there should be something that causes the repelling effect between quarks. The model goes like this. If we use the weak interaction as a model we can say that there are two gluons between quarks just like there are W and Z boson pairs between protons and neutrons. That gluon pair creates the quantum low pressure between those quarks. When those gluons orbit each other they simply harness energy fields into them. And then they transfer that energy into the quarks around them. That electromagnetic low-pressure can be the quantum gravity, or gravitational quantum dots. And the quantum gravity model goes like this: the gravity forms of the quantum dots and those quantum dots are entirely called gravity centers. The number and density of those quantum dots determine the strength of gravity. 

“Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Like electric charge, it determines how quarks and gluons interact through the strong force; however, rather than there being only positive and negative charges, there are three "charges", commonly called red, green, and blue. Additionally, there are three "anti-colors", commonly called anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue. Unlike electric charge, color charge is never observed in nature: in all cases, red, green, and blue (or anti-red, anti-green, and anti-blue) or any color and its anti-color combine to form a "color-neutral" system. For example, the three quarks making up any baryon universally have three different color charges, and the two quarks making up any meson universally have opposite color charges.” (Wikipedia, Color charge)

(Wikipedia, Color charge)

"An animation of the interaction inside a neutron. The gluons are represented as circles with the color charge in the center and the anti-color charge on the outside." (Wikipedia, Color charge)

“Quarks have a color charge of red, green, or blue and antiquarks have a color charge of antired, antigreen, or antiblue. Gluons have a combination of two color charges (one of red, green, or blue and one of antired, antigreen, or antiblue) in a superposition of states that are given by the Gell-Mann matrices. “ (Wikipedia, Color charge)

When a quark takes enough energy it releases that energy as wave movement. That means the fifth force is the force that destroys the atoms. There is a possibility that somewhere is a force that interacts directly between quarks without gluons. Or there is also the possibility that quarks can repel gluons. And what happens if quarks push gluons away from their position? 

Can quantum color hide the fifth force? In quantum chromodynamics, CQD quarks and gluons have a so-called quantum color. Gluons can have one of three quantum colors blue, red, and green. Anti-quarks have opposite quantum colors anti-blue, anti-green, and anti-red. The strong interaction is the interaction between quarks and gluons. The gluon is the boson that connects the quarks together. And transmits the strong nuclear force. The gluon’s color charge is a little bit different from the quark’s color charge. 

The gluon’s color charge is a superposition of the quantum color and anti-color. The green and anti-green for example cannot form gluons, or they cannot exist in the same gluon.. So gluon has two heads, for example, blue and anti-green. So the quark is blue-antigreen. As you see in the diagram below. When we see that the blue quark emits the blue-antigreen gluon we can ask if the fifth force release happens in that process. 

This is why the strong nuclear interaction is also known as the color force. That color is similar to the electromagnetism in electrons. That means the quantum color is one thing that keeps quarks in their entirety called hadrons. In traditional models, the atom’s core and electron shell interactions are described as a whole. There is a possibility that the neutron’s interaction with electrons is different from that of protons. That means a neutron sends some kind of energy impulse to the electron and pushes it away. That means some of those quantum colors can interact with electrons. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-close-in-on-the-fifth-force-that-could-unlock-the-mystery-of-dark-matter/

https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/particle-physics/content-section-6.2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_charge

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Tachyons, the hypothetical faster-than-light particles, are still under research.

If tachyon exists it can send information to the past. 

New tachyon research aims to determine if tachyons exist. And another thing is can tachyons exist in our 3D universe? The model of tachyons is that those particles are 4 or even more dimensions. That makes it impossible to see them from the 3D universe. So tachyons can exist only in higher dimensions or in energy levels where particles cannot exchange information with 3D particles. 

The only place where tachyon can exist in the form we can see is the black hole. There is a possibility that tachyons exist behind the event horizon. If tachyons exist in the black hole, that hypothetical particle can cause the black hole’s evaporation. 

And, if tachyons form in a black hole when ultimate gravity and energy press particles like electrons and photons. And those particles could escape from black holes. The tachyon can also explain dark energy. When this hypothetical particle comes to the third dimension it releases energy. That can explain why nobody has seen that particle yet. The tachyon that falls to the 3rd dimension can turn immediately into photons or some other particles like Higgs bosons. 

The problem with tachyon measurements is this. Those particles can: 

A) Turn into photons

B) They can form photons if they come out from higher dimensions. 

So if tachyon is a particle that exists in higher dimensions its energy level will be so high that it jumps out from the 3D universe. And if tachyon falls to the 3D universe. That means it sends an energy impact around it. In that model, the tachyon forms a photon by sending a shockwave into the space around it. That model means that a photon is the shockwave in the base energy- or base quantum field in the third dimension. The image of a photon can support that model, because the photon has a hole that the ring- or donut-shaped quantum field surrounds. That ring-shaped structure is similar to when somebody throws a stone in the water. 

And tachyon can form that kind of energy field, if it falls from the 4th dimension. And releases energy into its environment. If researchers someday can exchange data or wave movement with tachyons that bring unlimited power sources in their hands. 

But that requires. That the tachyons can exist. And another thing is that those particles should exist as tachyons in the 3D universe as long as they can release their energy to the receiver. Or they must interact with 3D particles in some other way. The superposition and entanglement with 3D particles bring a lot of energy into our universe. The main problem is that tachyon is the dominating part in that process. The system cannot control tachyons that is in the 4th dimension. 

So the system must adjust the receiving particle so that the dominating particle causes resonance in it. And then starts to send data to that particle. The thing is similar to finding channels on the radio without knowing any radio frequency. The system must adjust the spin and energy level of the particle and hope that it finds a frequency that is the same as some tachyon. 

The problem with superposition and entanglement with 3D particles is that they must reach so high energy levels that they can force tachyons to oscillate and resonate. Then those particles must start to pump information into them. 

There are tests where the particle will be driven as close to the speed of light as possible. Then that particle can be put to spin. There is a hope that the energy that a spinning particle pulls from its environment. 

That can pull tachyons into the third dimension. When the energy level of the spinning particle decreases it should pull tachyon to the 3D universe. Theoretical tachyon engine just pulls tachyons from their tachyonic space. And that opens the channel where other tachyons can arrive in the 3D universe.  When tachyons come to our universe that particle releases its extra energy. The engine uses that energy to create energy. If, a particle can make a superposition with tachyons that brings energy into the universe. If that thing is possible, that is the biggest revolution in history. 

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/new-tachyon-study-could-unlock-the-secrets-of-time-travel-and-reality/ss-AA1HBksF

https://phys.org/news/2024-07-physicists-tachyons-special-theory.html

https://scitechdaily.com/faster-than-a-speeding-photon-how-tachyons-challenge-modern-physics/

https://thedebrief.org/bizarre-tachyons-that-may-be-able-to-send-data-back-in-time-could-be-reconciled-with-special-relativity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

The holographic principle and parallel universe.

"The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region – such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon." (Wikipedia, Holographic principle)

The holographic principle means that the Universe can be a hologram. The idea is that the crossing energy, or superstrings can cause a scattering effect. That effect breaks those strings into pieces. And then material forms in those points where those strings impact with each other. The thing that causes impacts of those superstrings is the expansion of superstrings. The interesting detail in the holographic principle is that this thing means that photons can turn into quarks. 

Then the holographic principle causes an idea that making those photon clouds denser and shooting light waves crossing each other is a possibility to form material. This model means wave-particle duality, WMD. Wave movement can form material and material can turn into wave movement. And the material is only the reflection, an ultra-dense hologram. The model is that the light beams that crossed each other formed the first particles. When we think that time is the only real thing in the universe and the superstring expands all the time, that thing explains why entropy grows all the time. 

The thing that makes parallel universe theory along with the WMD  one of the most interesting models that we can even imagine. The idea is that new universes can form in the points between those universes where radiation that comes from them touches each other. If radiation that comes from another universe is very weak radiation that comes from our universe pushes that radiation away from our universe. If that radiation slides at the edge of our universe’s plasma and photon halo that means we cannot see that radiation. Same way as the heliosphere turns off much of the radiation and plasma that comes from other stars, our galaxy’s halo and the edge of the universe will push weak signals away. If there are other universes there should be similar plasma impact waves that surround our solar system and our galaxy. 

The thing is this: There is evidence against and supporting parallel- or multiverse. The main thing is that there is not enough evidence of that model. The parallel- and multiverse are not the same thing. A parallel universe means that other universes will be in extra dimensions. And the multiverse means that those universes are in 3D spacetime with our universe. 

The model of holographic principle where crossing superstrings forms “electric arcs” that form universes and material. 

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The evidence that supports and against the multiverse. 

-Cosmic microwave background radiation anomalies: Scientists studying the afterglow of the Big Bang have found strange patterns in space that some believe could be caused by another universe bumping into ours.

-Quantum mechanics experiments: The famous double-slit experiment showed that tiny particles can exist in multiple states at once, which could support the idea of a multiverse.

-Déjà vu and strange phenomena: Some people think that feelings of déjà vu or ghostly encounters could be glimpses of other realities. While this isn’t scientific proof, it’s still a fun idea!

Arguments Against Parallel Universes

-Here are some assumptions that suggest that parallel universes do not exist:

-Lack of direct evidence: So far, we haven’t been able to see or measure parallel universes, making them impossible to confirm.

-Testability issues: For something to be considered scientific, we need to be able to test it. Right now, the idea of a multiverse is more of a theory than a proven fact.

https://scienceandspacenews.com/2025/02/07/are-other-dimensions-real/

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The parallel universe theory where the Big Bang was only one of many similar cases explains things like exotic particles as their source is in some other universe. If we want to make theories about the beginning of space and time we face one thing. The parallel universe theory is only an extension of the Big Bang Theory. If the universe where we live is only one of many universes that doesn’t answer the question of eternal entirety where universes exist and were formed. 

The eternal entirety is the place where the universes form the bubbles or quantum systems where there can be planets but in some universes, there might not be planets or stars. The problem is to prove that theory is in the stars in our universe. Same way as city lights cause light pollution, galaxies, and other objects cause light pollution, if we want to see things outside our universe we must remove all light that covers that very weak radiation that could uncover other universes' existence.

Logically other universes exist like galaxies, and galaxies form local galaxy clusters. Local galaxy clusters form galactic superclusters. So we can say that the universe is the global galaxy cluster that is part of a larger entirety. But then we can ask can we still see everything? The parallel universe is the next logical step to the model that expands all the time. We know many new details about the universe. The multiverse is a simple thing that is hard to prove. But then we can remember. How our worldview increases. 

Before Nicolaus Copernikus people believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. Then Galileo Galilei proved that four moons orbiting Jupiter. After that Hubble proved that the Milky Way is only one of billions of galaxies. Then astronomers found local and superclusters of galaxies. The next thing that astronomers found was the “cosmic web” the largest known megastructure in the universe. And then the new step would be the parallel universe. 

Another universe can exist in our universe, places like black holes. Or it can exist outside our universe. It can form visible or dark matter. And in theory, their time can travel backward. Those universes are things that can be proven in the future. The problem is that the universe covers radiation that comes from other universes if they exist.  The other problem is that we live in a galaxy. Galaxies are ultimately massive objects. They pull dark and visible material around them as halos. 

Those halos form light pollution that the dimmest light cannot pass. The other problem with that thing is that the material between galaxies can be thinner than nobody expected. And if we continue that induction thinking we can think that quantum fields and material between hypothetical multiverse universes is much more thin than nobody even imagined. That means radiation from other universes can be much weaker than we even imagine. 

. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/evidence-parallel-universe/

https://phys.org/news/2025-05-bridging-worlds-physicists-holographic-principle.html

https://phys.org/news/2025-06-theory-dimensions-space-secondary-effect.html

https://scitechdaily.com/is-the-universe-a-hologram-schrodingers-100-year-old-equation-still-holds-the-key/

https://scienceandspacenews.com/2025/02/07/are-other-dimensions-real/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

Gravitons, photons, and string theory.

Above: A spiral galaxy is actually a material disk around a supermassive black hole. 

If a graviton is the black hole in the middle of a photon that thing is a small but very powerful particle. When we look at the black holes in the universe we can see that those phenomena pull material into them from extremely large areas. The Sagittarius A’s size is about the same as the solar system. But it forms a spiral galaxy around it. 

That means that if the photon is a structure that is formed around the quantum-size black hole, that means the quantum black hole could be the graviton, the missing gravitation transmitting particle. But that particle is extremely small if we compare it with a photon. In this model, the photon is an energy ring that locks that quantum black hole into its form. That means photons are the energy field that denies the quantum black hole explosion. 

Or if the superstring or string theory is true we can say that if a photon is lost. That pushes a black hole into that superstring. An energy field that falls behind it impacts the superstring. In string theory, superstrings form all particles and energy fields. Those strings can be like rings, or they can be very long lines. And that means those 2D strings form everything. 

The idea is that the hypothetical superstring that the photon surrounds acts like a thermal pump that puts energy flow away from that point. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

The question is how can that thing form? The answer could be in the Kugelblitz black hole. The black hole can form from energy or from superstrings. The idea is that the photon that we see is an energy ring around the superstring. When the energy that comes out starts to push that string in that point, that makes energy move in and on that string. Superstring can be thinner than quark. But it can be as long as the diameter of the universe. So, when the energy level in that point starts to rise it puts energy to move out from that point. The rising energy level at that point puts energy moving faster at that superstring. 

That thing starts to pull energy out from that point so fast that all wave movement goes with that thing. In this model, the photon is the impact field around the superstring that cannot take all energy away from that point. The photon is the energy field that outcomes energy locks around the energy hill that makes energy move in the superstring. This means the black holes are like extremely powerful thermal pumps that make energy flow away from the point where they are so fast that quantum fields around them start to travel to that point with such high speed that light or any other wave movement cannot escape from that point. 

When we think that a photon is the ring-shaped energy field around some kind of superstring, the next question is how that superstring turns into a supermassive black hole. That happens when those superstrings are starting to tie around each other like a rope. That kind of thing can form extremely large black holes. But the requirement is that those structures must not let energy away from them. So maybe at least large-size Kugelblitz black holes cannot form in the modern universe. There is so much free space or surrounding quantum fields are so weak that the rope-shaped structure of superstrings will be broken. 

The black hole is in the interaction between it and its environment. Outcoming energy or quantum fields press that structure together. And in the young universe, those quantum fields were much stronger than in our universe. They pressed those superstrings together. And that means it's possible that in the very young universe the Kugelblitz black holes formed before material. That is one way to think about the most interesting phenomenon in the universe. Proving that thing requires proving string theory. And that is not an easy thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

The eternal question is: which came first, material or black holes?

"An illustration (not to scale) of a primordial black hole growing to supermassive size. (Image credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, Tiny ‘primordial’ black holes created in the Big Bang may have rapidly grown to supermassive sizes)

If Kugelblitz- or black holes formed of radiation could be possible that explains how black holes could form before materia. In a very young universe, there was only radiation and energy. The thing that causes discussions is the question of which came first, black holes or regular material. 

And did those primordial black holes form even before photons? Theoretically, it is possible to press a photon into a black hole by surrounding it with a thin energy string. If that energy string or energy lasso pumps enough energy to the photon it can turn into a small black hole. There is another possibility that allows that black hole to form straight from radiation. 

That thing is that it’s possible that the radiation forms the energy pool. That large low-energy space can cause a situation where energy falls into the middle of it. That fallen energy impacts in the middle of that point. And there, the energy level rises so high, that there is a black hole. Theoretically, those Kugelblitz black holes are possible but they need lots of energy. And maybe those things could form in the young universe where the energy level was higher. But they cannot form in the modern universe, except in special situations where two black holes explode near each other. That can cause so high energy radiation that it can from the Kugelblitz.  

In models, photons are wheel-shaped energy fields. There is a possibility that photons can form from “emptiness”. Or if two quantum fields impact each other they can form photons. And it's possible that some systems can press photons into the small, quantum-sized black hole. The photon itself is like some donut, so that causes the theorem that the graviton, the hypothetical gravitation transmitter particle, could be a quantum-size black hole that is in the middle of the photon. So if the graviton is in the middle of the photon, we can make an induction model, where dark matter could be gravitons or quantum black holes without that halo. 

The cosmic vacuum can also form light. The idea is that the vacuum makes energy travel into that bubble. When that energy field impacts the vacuum’s wall, it turns those fields into light. So the light is the wave movement that forms in the impacts of those quantum fields. It’s like noise that forms when water flow impacts the water surface. 

Primordial black holes could form straight from radiation that escaped from the Big Bang. 

In this case, the event called Big Bang means the event or series of events that formed the universe as we know it. That even could be some kind of black hole explosion or something else that made energy move. When that event happened it sent radiation across the space. Then a little bit of that radiation or superstrings that formed the radiation turned around. That caused the superstring to turn around some other radiation packages. And that caused the energy level to rise at that point. 

If photons existed in that time, the radiation string that surrounded the photon could start to pump energy into it. And that could form the first black hole. There was more radiation and the energy level in the young universe was far higher than in the modern universe. So if something formed the primordial black hole that thing will get more energy than black hole that exists in the modern universe. And that means even the primordial black holes could grow into enormous size faster than in the modern universe. 

Researchers are really interested in things like Kugelblitz black holes. Those things can offer a new way to transport information. They can form the other side in the superpositioned and entangled particle pairs. But those may be microscopic black holes that offer new types of energy sources. They can also offer the possibility to see details of the subatomic particles by benefiting those black hole jets. The fact is that those black holes can be very stable if outside energy cannot let energy flow away from that point. 

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a65046120/light-from-nothing/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/black-holes/tiny-primordial-black-holes-created-in-the-big-bang-may-have-rapidly-grown-to-supermassive-sizes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

Singularities don’t die.

"An illustration of a black hole with its mysterious singularity indicated by a glowing white light (Image credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, Laws of physics are still broken: Attempt to explain away black holes' central singularity falls short, scientist says)

Since 1915 singularities have been a key element in the black hole models. The singularity is an extremely dense material where quantum fields and subatomic particles are melted into one entirety. In those models, singularities form when a star collapses and the outcoming energy or wave movement smashes those electrons and quarks along with the quantum fields into a state where all of them are one. 

The entire star’s mass is in its entirety that is smaller than atoms. And that means material density determines its weight. The Schwarzschild radius means the distance of the event horizon from the singularity. The singularity spins very fast and that causes the gravity effect. The singularity rolls quantum fields from around it into the center of the black hole. And then the problem with this model is this. The black hole should grow endlessly. 

The question is always where that material and energy that a black hole pulls inside it goes. There is a possibility that the black hole’s structure makes the gravitational channel through the universe. But in that case, the black hole doesn’t need singularity. The problem with the black hole models is that the black hole must put the energy that it creates somewhere. If string theory is true, that explains that a black hole puts energy and material into extra dimensions. And in string theory, there are at least 11 extra dimensions. 

The model means that every dimension is the energy state. Dimensions are like floors in the house. When the energy level difference between two particles is high enough that thing means that those two particles lose their ability to exchange information. The reason why anything cannot cross the speed of light in the normal universe is that the particle cannot get enough energy to jump over that wall or roof. When a particle tries to jump to a higher dimension it makes a hole in the energy roof of the 3rd. Dimension. And then the energy that comes from higher dimensions pushes it back. 

The particle loses its ability to bind energy because the quantum field around it jumps away, and the particle starts to deliver energy. Or when a particle closes the speed of light energy that comes from a higher dimension, or energy level pushes it flat. And that increases the power of the electromagnetic shadow behind the particle. That shadow acts like a vacuum behind an object that flies in the atmosphere. That electromagnetic shadow pulls the particle backward and denies its acceleration. The particle goes to the state where it delivers more energy than it can get. And that stops the acceleration. 

But that thing doesn’t happen in black holes. The black hole rolls quantum fields inside it. And that means the field around the particle moves very fast. The field doesn’t let particles send radiation. When gravity turns so strong that it will not let even light escape to the point called event horizon, the particle rides in the field. The situation is similar as the river takes something in it. When that field or space travels faster than the speed of light, but the particle is in that field the relative speed between field and particle is zero. The outcoming field pushes particles and fields from the back. 

And then there are two ways to close things that happen next. If the extra dimensions exist, the black hole sends those particles and energy into those extra dimensions. Or rather saying to the fourth dimension. Dimensions are like floors in the house. The dimensional model, or string theory requires that a particle or object must travel through all dimensions. The other way is that the particle goes into a wormhole or energy bridge and travels across space and time. The reason why the black hole can press particles into higher dimensions is that it packs so much energy into it that it can reach those higher dimensions. 

The black hole pulls energy and material from such a large area that the energy and material of the outcome push everything on the event horizon. All black holes lose their mass all the time. The wormhole model explains that thing as the channel that travels through the black hole. That channel or superstring transports energy out from the black hole. That energy bridge acts like a thermal pump that transports mass and energy out from that monster. 

Or the expansion of the universe causes the black hole to get less energy all the time. That causes black hole evaporation. Black holes are the most powerful effects in the universe. Its existence requires the outcoming quantum fields and material. If that flow into the black hole ends, energy from the black hole breaks out. And that detonates that thing immediately. 

Maybe all black holes are not similar. That means that maybe, some of them have singularity, and maybe some of them don't have that object. It’s possible that it takes hundreds of years to make models of what happens inside black holes. Maybe, stellar mass black holes are different from supermassive black holes. But those things are speculation. Proving some of those models requires proof of string theory and wormholes. And that requires complete quantum and gravity models. So, there is lots of work to do if we want to fit black holes into the universe. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/laws-of-physics-are-still-broken-attempt-to-explain-away-black-holes-central-singularity-falls-short-scientist-says

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole