Fifth force and gravitational recoil.

There are suggestions that the Standard Model is wrong. That doesn’t mean that we must rewrite the entire model. We should search for the missing part of that model. Because. Something is missing in the model that we know. We cannot make all parts of it work as they should. There is a possibility. That some interaction, like a direct, wave-based interaction between a gluon and an electron, is just missing. Maybe that interaction really exists. 

And maybe those things can explain the hypothetical fifth force. Anyway, that fifth force is an extremely weak interaction. There are many other explanations for that still-hypothetical effect. That effect can be a recoil effect between electrons. Or a recoil effect between quarks and bosons. These are things that can explain the fifth force.  Or non-calculated anomalies. In particle accelerators.  Something is missing. Because the function doesn’t match the calculations

“In physics, a fifth force is a hypothetical fundamental interaction (also known as a fundamental force) beyond the four known interactions in nature: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces “. (Wikipedia, Fifth force) 

“Some speculative theories have proposed a fifth force to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing theories. The specific characteristics of a putative fifth force depend on which hypothesis is being advanced. No evidence to support these models has been found.” (Wikipedia, Fifth force) 

Maybe the fifth force is the recoil effect of bosons. The boson. It is the transporter particle of the interaction. When. Bosons travel in atoms. Those particles form a recoil effect. That means that. Maybe the fifth force is the missing part of interactions that we already know. Could that fifth force be a thing? Like gluon and electron interaction. When gluons send wave movement. That wave movement could travel through an atom’s nucleus. And maybe that wave movement.  That forms when a gluon evaporates. Could also impact electrons. 

Could the missing fifth force be the wave movement that travels between quarks? And if that thing is real, could we call that effect a fifth force? Is it an independent force? Or. Is it? Some? Kind of shadow? Of other forces? This means that before we yell that we found the fifth force. We should understand. Those forces. That we know might have sides. That. We didn’t know. The fact is that. If that missing part of the four known interactions is the fifth force. Maybe those four known interactions: strong interaction. Weak interaction. Electromagnetism, and gravity. Cover a hypothetical fifth interaction below them.

This means that the hypothetical fifth force could be a non-bosonic interaction between elementary particles. We know bosonic interactions. These bosons transmit fundamental interactions. But all wave movement is what the elementary particle sends. It doesn’t touch a boson. Part of the wave movement that the elementary particle transmits travels past the boson. This means the fifth force. It could be a wave interaction between elementary particles. 

The model for that is taken from the electroweak interaction. When. An atom’s core sends a wave motion. 

That wave movement impacts electrons. And transmits energy to them. This means that, in the same way, elementary particles like quarks can send wave motion. That impacts. And affect another quark without a boson transmitter. This straight wave interaction explains it. Why. There are no direct observations of the fifth force. The reason for that is simple. That direct wave movement is so weak. Other interactions cover it below them. 

Bosons are condensed energy, like fermions. They transport fundamental interactions. Fermions are bricks of matter. Fermions form protons and neutrons. Both. Of those particle types. They can be transformed into energy. That means all particles. They are actually condensed energy. 

Four known fundamental interactions are: 

1)Strong interaction

2)Weak interaction

3)Electromagnetism 

4)Gravity

The bosonic interactions cover the non-bosonic interactions below them. The situation is similar to what we try to see. A burning match and halogen light at the same time. The halogen light. It covers that match below its brightness. 

In the same way. The bosonic interaction. covers the pure wave interaction below it. This means that the pure wave interaction could be the fifth force. The fifth force is a myth. But the wave-based interaction explains why we cannot see that force. And the next question. It is: Does that mean a new natural law? 

In this model, gravitation forms two-part radiation. First, an energy wall travels through the universe. Then the gravitational center. Or. Spinning particles bind energy into them. That energy wall doesn’t let energy travel behind it. That forms a so-called gravitational pool. 

And then those spinning particles bind the energy into them. That makes the gravitational pool deeper. This makes objects like particles fill that pool. But if a graviton exists. That thing can be the whirl in the gravitational pool. Maybe those whirls that turn into gravitons can form outside the gravitational pool. When. the energy wall travels ahead. It sends recoil waves to the gravitational pool. Those waves could form energy ditches that travel to the gravitational center. 

If. That whirl turns smaller and denser. That whirl starts to condense that field. This makes a phenomenon that can act as a gravitational wave. This means those whirls in the field bind energy into them. The question is. Could a graviton be a quasiparticle or a particle? 

The thing that we see as (an example) the strong interaction. We can describe that interaction as an interaction between gluons and quarks. This interaction has a pushing side. And the pulling side. The last one pushes quarks away. When a boson, in this case a gluon, evaporates, that effect acts like ice. That evaporation pulls quarks together. When. The boson receives energy. The wave movement between quarks pushes those quarks away. So, the fundamental interaction is the wave movement. That. Bosons. The interaction transporter particles send. 

We know four interactions. Three of them have a boson transporter. But then we see that gravity has no known bosonic transporter. There is suspicion that a mythical graviton exists. But the fact is that. Gravitation doesn’t necessarily need a graviton. Spinning particles. That bind quantum fields into their structures. That can cause a situation. Their energy travels into that particle. And carries other particles with it. 

In this model. The gravitational wave has two parts. The energy wave that travels away from the gravitational center. Then the gravitational center. The structure of spinning particles that bind energy into itself. That pulls more energy into the gravitational center. Than. It travels out from it. The thing that creates the gravitational wave. And gravitation’s unique behavior. It’s the energy wall. Behind that energy wall. The gravitational center. It creates the energy ditch that travels across the universe. 

Same way the fifth force doesn’t need any boson as its transporter. Wave movement itself can act as a natural interaction. And that is one of the things that we must realize. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

Gluons' behavior and GUT (Grand Unified Theory).

New models challenge long-standing models. Of. How gluons behave in atomic nuclei. There is a point at which gluons start to behave collectively. That effect is known as gluon saturation. 

“Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing the strong interaction, a cornerstone of the Standard Model in particle physics. One of the intriguing phenomena in high-energy QCD is gluon saturation. A state where the density of gluons (elementary particles that mediate the strong force between quarks) inside a hadron becomes so high that their interaction probability reaches a plateau. This concept has profound implications for understanding high-energy collisions, like those in particle accelerators.” (Modern physics, Gluon saturation)

Another name for that effect could be harmonic behavior. This effect is the thing. That can cause heavy atoms’ decay. When. Gluons' behavior turns harmonic. They send much more energy in one direction. Than. The gluons that don’t behave collectively. 

The gluonic collective behavior means that when gluons send wave movement. That wave movement impacts other gluons. This means that gluons' oscillations become orchestrated. The high-energy gluon synchronizes other gluons. To transmit. Wave movement at the same time. When a gluon moves. 

It forms. A small. Quantum low-pressure area. Another thing. That a gluon makes is the recoil effect on a quark. When. A quark forms a gluon, and the gluon leaves the quark. The gluon must kick much energy into the quark. That it can cut the bond energy. 

Then the gluon travels. Into. A lower-energy quark. So a higher-energy down quark sends a gluon to a lower-energy up quark. This is the reason why neutrons decay. There is one up and two down quarks in a neutron. When down quarks send an energy impulse to an up quark. That focuses too much energy in the up quark. And that pushes more energy to the neutron shell, causing quantum field expansion. That breaks the bond energy of those quarks. 

But when gluons spin. That spin sends wave movement. That is similar to bremsstrahlung radiation. And sooner or later, all gluons start to synchronize into the same frequency. When. The gluons reach the same energy level. 

They form standing waves between them. And sooner or later, those waves destroy the atom's core. 

And that can be key to the GUT (Grand Unified Theory). That theory should combine four fundamental interactions. Strong. And weak interactions, electromagnetism, and gravity into a unified theory. researchers can combine the weak nuclear interaction with electromagnetism. And that forms the so-called electroweak interaction. 

In that interaction. The atom’s core sends an energy impulse to the electron. Then the electron receives that energy. And transforms it into a photon. That means the interaction between the atom’s core and electron can be a wave movement. The strong interaction. Its. Interaction between gluons and quarks. Same way. The weak interaction is the interaction between W/Z bosons and neutrons and protons. Then the electroweak interaction is the interaction between an atom’s core and its electron shell. 

Maybe the atom’s core sends waves as a whole. Or the origin of those waves is in W/Z bosons. But the important thing is this. There is no need for a transmitting particle. The straight wave-movement interaction is enough to make that part of GUT real. 

Basically, this theory is simple. 

1) The oscillation of gluons. Send an energy wave to the shell of protons and neutrons. 

2) That causes energy impulses between protons and neutrons. In. The atom’s nucleus. 

3) That oscillation will send energy impulses to the electron shell. 

4) Maybe gravitation is a very short-wavelength wave movement. Radiation that comes through the electron shells. In this model, the graviton is like a gamma photon. 

If. The wavelength of radiation is short enough. It seems straight. And that virtual straight wave can have larger curves. So. Can gravitation be? Some double-wave radiation? 

4B) Or maybe there are two types of radiation that we see as gravitation. The short-wave radiation. Has the source in gluons. And. Long-wave radiation. The source is in large material clusters. We may see the short-wave radiation as uniform even if it comes from multiple sources. 

Stages 1 and 2 form the strong-weak (Or color-weak) interaction. This point. Wave movement. That origin in a gluon turns into the W/Z boson interaction. The proton and neutron. Quantum fields. Act as tensors. 

Stages 2 and 3 are connected into the electroweak interaction. In the electroweak interaction, the quantum field that surrounds the entire nucleus sends wave movement to the electron shells. That wave movement pushes electrons away. When gluons send energy waves. That decreases the mass of the nucleus. 

Gluons will not send that wave movement all the time. Those waves or wave impulses push electrons away. But when there are no pulses. Electrons start to fall closer to the atom’s nucleus. And then the atom sends an energy impulse. Again. The closest electron gets most of the energy. 

The biggest problem with GUT. It is to make gravitation fit into that model. The problem with gravitation? Is how to determine it? Its wavelength. It is unknown. If. gravitation is shortwave radiation. That acts like a thermal pump when it travels through matter. There. Is a possibility. That the hypothetical long-wave gravitational radiation forms a string of that very short-wave radiation. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://modern-physics.org/gluon-saturation

https://news.ku.edu/news/article/new-cern-measurement-challenges-long-standing-theory-of-how-gluons-behave-inside-atomic-nuclei

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

The phase singularity. It’s like a miniature WARP bubble that can travel faster than light.

The phase singularity is the bubble of emptiness. It can travel between quantum field strings. So that means that. The phase singularity can reach its goal sooner than a photon. The phase singularity doesn’t break laws of physics. It just travels a more direct route than a photon. The phase singularity is like a quasiparticle. The phase singularity. It travels a shorter route. Than a photon that makes curves, and that makes it possible for that phase singularity. 

It can reach the goal before a photon. Not because it’s faster than light.  But because it travels in a straight line. 

The bubble of nothing in the quantum beam. This means that we can describe the phase singularity as a quantum-sized WARP bubble. 

Can we sometimes form a wormhole? Theoretically, we can make a quantum version of that phenomenon. A theoretical wormhole. It is like the stretched WARP bubble. The theoretical WARP bubble is the bubble of emptiness. 

Theoretically, a WARP bubble is similar to that thing. That researchers call a phase singularity. Theoretically, a phase singularity can form because a photon starts to spin. This photon takes the quantum field with it. That could form the bubble. If that spin continues, the bubble starts to stretch. This wormhole cannot transport complex structures. But that could transport a single photon through it. 

Then the photon starts to create the quantum tornado. This phenomenon. It can form an environment where the spinning structure. It locks most of the energy out from that structure. 

Darkness can travel faster than light. Or maybe we should say that phase singularities. Or an optical vortex in a light beam. It can travel faster than light. The light beam can make a quantum roll around the microvoids. And the optical vortex is one kind of microvoid. The miniature void is a lower-energy space. The quantum fields form energy flows that are like wind. We can think of a light beam as paper that the quantum wind curves. And if that wind is strong enough. That turns the light into a roll. This thing forms the quantum maser effect in that tunnel. 

There is a structure that starts to stretch that quantum tube. The spinning light tube starts to take quantum fields with it. And that thing extends the quantum tornado. That quantum tornado forms the structure. 

Called: phase singularity. This thing means that. In those light beams is an environment. There, light can travel faster than it travels outside it. 

The phase singularity is like a bubble that forms between light beams. That phase can be described as the empty bubble. And that means we could compare the WARP bubble with a phase singularity. This means that we could make the phase singularity. And put a photon inside it. This means that a phase singularity could transport a photon and protect information inside it. This doesn’t mean that the phase singularity could transport more than one photon. But. It could protect information in a photon. That travels in it. 

A phase singularity can transport a photon or frozen light beam very fast. If. We want to compare that quantum WARP with sci-fi WARP. This thing. It can carry one single particle. 

In a phase singularity. The phase of the light. It is not determined. The amplitude or strength. In this structure, it is zero. This means that when we say that the darkness travels faster. Than. The speed of light. We mean that the amplitude is zero. It can travel faster than light. 

When we think about the shape of the light. And especially the photon. The light particle, the photon, looks like a donut. This means that those light particles. They can travel faster than light. Without breaking. The laws of physics. And if the photon spins fast in the phase singularity. That makes it possible to transport a photon into the past. 

There is one thing. That can travel faster than a photon. That is another photon. That travels in the environment. There, a photon can travel faster than a photon in another environment. 

If. The photon travels lying down. The photon can spin. And that thing can cause a situation. There is one side of the photon. It travels faster than the other side. 

When we think. The speed of light. Or which photon is faster. We must realize one thing. All photons have the same speed. We talk about the speed of photons. And the speed of light. We must determine the question using the term. Which photon reaches the goal first? The answer is simple. The photon that follows a less curved trajectory. So the photon that travels along a straight line reaches the goal faster. Or. sooner than the photon that makes more curves. 

The situation is like two cars driving side by side. Both cars travel 100 km/h. The first car travels in a straight line. The second car makes curves. The second car reaches the goal later. Because. It traveled a longer distance. Each curve that the car makes extends the journey. So the reason the photon that travels straight reaches the goal before. Is that the straight-moving photon travels a shorter distance. Than. The photon that makes curves. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/darkness-can-travel-faster-than-light/

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-found-something-that-can-move-faster-than-light-the-darkness-inside-it

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcubierre_drive

Gravastars and the matrioshka universe.

“An expanding mini-universe could counterbalance the collapsing matter of a star, thereby creating a stable gravastar. Credit: Daniel Jampolski and Luciano Rezzolla, Goethe University Frankfurt” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

“A new study suggests that the collapse of a massive star could spark the creation of a tiny expanding universe rather than a black hole. The resulting object, called a gravastar, would avoid the singularity and event horizon that make black holes so puzzling.” (ScitechDaily, Scientists Say a New Universe Could Form Inside a Dying Star)

The hole in the Higgs field. It denies the gravitational interaction between the center. And  its environment. The gravastar forms when an exploding star. It will form the shell. All the mass of the star is in that shell. And that makes. The symmetrical gravitational pull inside that star. This thing can even rip a hole in the Higgs field. 

And that means. It's possible that there is no Higgs field at some point. Even a small mass around that bubble can keep that structure stable. The idea is that the entire mass of the structure is around that bubble. 

This means that the black holes can be multiple independent phenomena. The idea of gravastars is this: When a star. It is far more massive than. The Betelgeuse or red supergiant. It falls as a supergiant. When its energy production ends. But that causes a situation in the falling star’s fusion restarts again. The star packs material into its core. And that causes such a strong energy burst that the matter will be erased. The powerful radiation rips the star into pieces. And if that matter spreads too far. That denies the possibility. That gravity. It cannot pull that nebula back together. 

A black hole forms after the supernova explosion when gravity pulls matter back together. But if the radiation that the explosion forms is too powerful. That thing can rip a hole into the Higgs field. The Higgs field is the base energy field in the universe. That field carries gravitational waves. Or, gravity waves are a wave movement in that field. And without that field, there is no gravity. If there is no Higgs field. There. The gravitational center cannot touch. That thing denies gravitational interaction between the center and the environment. 

“A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.” (Wikipedia, A diagram comparing the structure of a classical black hole with a gravastar.)

Can there be other universes inside our universe? 

A gravitational wave is like a ditch that travels through the universe. The energy hill between those ditches always turns lower. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. When. The energy ditch. Or a lower energy point in the Higgs field impact object. The energy hill behind that energy ditch pushes objects into that energy ditch. The most reasonable reason. For why does gravity act only in one direction? 

It is in the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands. That turns the Higgs field weaker. This means that the energy hills between gravity waves are always lower. And because of the energy hill behind the object. What we look at from the gravity center is always higher. Than. The next one. That means that energy hills behind objects push particles into the gravitational center. This means that later energy hills. Between those energy ditches. always turn out to be lower. And that raises a question. Could there be two kinds of gravitational effects? The long-distance wave effect. 

And the short-distance effect. There. A fast-spinning object. Roll quantum fields around them. And then there is a question: can there be gravitational vacuums in the universe? The idea is that the Higgs field is that. The Higgs field delivers gravitational waves. Or, gravitation is a phenomenon that uses the Higgs field  as a transporter. So if there is a hole in the Higgs field. Or base-energy field in the universe. There is no gravity at that point. Because of that. The gravitational wave motion. It  cannot reach objects inside those bubbles. 

When an ultra-heavy star dies, it can form a structure that is weirder than a black hole. The object is called a gravastar. Or, a gravitational vacuum star. The idea is that. When the supernova explosion is strong enough. That thing can form a situation. There. In the gravitational field. Or, in the Higgs field, forms a bubble. If there is no Higgs field. There is no gravity. And that means there forms a gravitational vacuum. There is no gravitation at all. 

The gravastar is hard to detect. Or it doesn’t differ much in black holes. So, the gravastar might look like a black hole. When we think about the supernova explosions. Those violent events destroy entropy. And that means that. At that point. The speed of light is higher than the speed of light around it. So when the supernova explosion sends particles that travel behind the shockwave. ‘

Those particles travel faster than they could travel outside that shockwave. When particles reach that plasma wave. They release energy into that thing.  The plasma shockwave travels behind the radiation. And the scattering effect is strongest. Radiation. The explosion pushes material out from the star. And if the explosion is strong enough. And it forms at the point. That is small enough. That can destroy a star in its way. That the black hole will not form. 

The matrioshka universe means a universe. That is full of internal structures. This means that the universe is like a matryoshka doll. Full of internal universes. And maybe we. Or the universe that we know. It is part of some larger universe. 

But the idea of the universe. That form in the giant star explosion base. It is in the wave-particle duality. When a shockwave travels out from the supernova. It travels through the base energy field. This event forms energy whirls behind that shockwave. 

And this causes a situation. There, those energy whirls start to crystallize into particles. This is one version of the models and hypotheses that suggest that we are living in a black hole. This theory suggests that we are in a black hole. That could be inside other black holes. But the problem is: why can't we see those other universes? The answer. It is suggested that the black hole’s event horizon mixes the information in the form. That we cannot detect. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-say-a-new-universe-could-form-inside-a-dying-star/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field_(classical)

Negative time is measured in photons.

“A quantum physics experiment showed photons can exhibit negative dwell time while traveling through atoms. Scientists confirmed the phenomenon using weak measurements that minimally disturbed the system. Credit: Shutterstock.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Have Measured “Negative Time” in Bizarre Quantum Experiment)

The measurement was made when photons traveled through the radium atom cloud. In that measurement, the photons arrived at the goal. Before they should. This thing happened. Because at some point, those photons crossed the speed of light. That point is the radiation field around those radium atoms. This means that. The speed of light is different. In that radium atom cloud than outside it. The radium is highly radioactive material. Those atoms send gamma rays. This is the reason. For why that time effect is seen in radium atom clouds. But not in stable atom clouds. 

There is also beta and alpha decay. But in this case, the key element is the gamma rays. Those gamma rays change entropy in the system. And that forms space. There, the speed of light differs from the environment outside that atom cloud. In normal cases, the speed of light is always the fastest. Or, nothing can travel faster than a photon. But the speed of light depends on the environment. In vacuum, the speed of light is 299792458 m/s. In water, the speed of light is 225000000 m/s. 

The lack of entropy makes it possible to create the “hyper drives” and tractor beams. And in the radium atom cloud. Gamma rays can decrease the entropy. And they can also transfer energy to those photons. 

Crossing the speed of light. It is quite an easy thing.  Researchers must only form space. Or an environment where the speed of light is faster than around it. The idea of the wormhole, or the Einstein-Rosen bridge, is this. The entropy in that environment is lower than the entropy outside it. And that allows light to travel faster. Than outside it. In the same way, near black holes. 

Light can travel faster than outside it because quantum whirl around that object decreases entropy. The black hole rolls quantum fields inside it. The whirl around it decreases crossing entropy. And the reason why nothing can escape is the energy that comes back from the object. When we think about space and time (spacetime) in the universe. That environment is full of whirls. Rocket engines pull against those whirls. Without those whirls. The engine pushes against nothing. Without resistance, the engine cannot create thrust. 

The reflected energy pushes them forward. If there are no whirls in the quantum fields. The rocket engine cannot push against them. Things like sci-fi stuff like hyperdrive and tractor beam (pulling rays) will just remove entropy from the front of the craft. Or the tractor beam would make a very low-energy channel with minimum entropy. And if there is a higher-energy bubble ahead of the object than the receiving object. That bubble pushes the object into that channel. The craft cannot escape. Because there is nothing the rocket engine can push against. 

In the same way, things like “hyperdrives” form an area. There. The entropy is minimal. The system. It can use the gamma rays to create a tube. There, entropy is very low. That gamma-ray tube pulls the craft into it. 

So, if we want to cross the speed of light, we must just shoot a particle into water. By using a speed higher than the speed of light in water. In the same way, when particles arrive in the atmosphere. They can hit air at a speed higher than the speed of light in the air. When a particle slows down. It must remove its kinetic energy. We see that thing as a blue light flash. Known as Cherenkov radiation. This is why the sky is blue. And the Cherenkov radiation is the reason for the blue glow around the nuclear reactor. The entropy. Or chaos in the system is one of the reasons. For why photons cannot travel faster than they do. The quantum fields in the vacuum are full of whirls. 

That means that the quantum fields are full of energy hills and energy valleys. The lower energy areas. Around those, quantum fields pull energy out from particles. So, gamma rays from radium atoms remove some part of those whirls. That decreases entropy. And this means that. The photon that traveled through that atom cloud traveled faster. Than it should. The idea of the wormholes is also simple. The Einstein-Rosen bridge forms the environment or quantum tube; there, radiation travels in one direction. As I just wrote. 

The Einstein-Rosen bridge is the environment. There, the entropy is minimal. When radiation travels only in one direction. The entropy. Or disorder in the system will not break or pull energy out from particles. 

So, measurements. Did not match the calculations. Those things might seem very small. But over long distances, measurements required extreme accuracy; things like radioactive materials can distort the results. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-have-measured-negative-time-in-bizarre-quantum-experiment/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://medium.com/@TVvman/negative-time-is-measured-in-photons-7bc73ea0592c

Quantum synchronization is important for quantum networks.

“An artistic representation of nonreciprocal quantum synchronization. RIKEN researchers have proposed a novel approach for the nonreciprocal quantum synchronization of phonons that is resilient against imperfections and noise. Credit: 2026 RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Solve Major Challenge in Quantum Synchronization)

In the quantum switch, the photon can be pulled over the electron like a rubber band. The quantum switch is the system that transforms. The binary information. Into a quantum form. The quantum switch could hover in a fullerene ball. And that ball transports information into that structure. The system. Makes quantum entanglement between those qubits or quantum dots through the carbon nanotubes that connect those fullerene balls. 

The problem with the quantum systems is this. The system must transform information from binary form into quantum form. The quantum dot or quantum switch that combines two quantum dots can be. The photon is pulled and anchored around particles. Like electrons. Then the system transports information into the electron. And electrons transfer that information into photons. Those are pulled around each electron like rubber bands. Then the system makes. The quantum entanglement between those photons that are around electrons. 

The reason why information can travel faster-than-light in that structure is one of Schrödinger’s cats. Because that system removes one of the fundamental interactions or quantum fields. Or makes some of the quantum fields, like electromagnetic fields, weaker, and muffles entropy. That creates a space where information can travel faster than light travels outside it. So, the system doesn’t break the laws of physics. Light travels faster in that structure than outside it. 

The internet will become safer if we can create a so-called quantum network. The quantum network transports information through a network of superpositioned and entangled particles. And this is the reason why quantum synchronization is so important. Quantum synchronization is required. When information travels between multiple quantum dots. 

Or. Actually reseachers are synchronizing quantum dots using quantum data transportation. Between two quantum dots. The problem is: How to control complex, multilevel systems with thousands, or even billions of quantum dots. This is the reason. Why the AI will boost the system. The problem with quantum entanglement is that energy, or information, can travel only in one direction. Energy can travel only from a higher energy level. To a lower energy level. 

Information travels in quantum entanglement as waves in the energy string that connects those particles. This is the reason. For why the quantum internet requires other types of structures than the regular internet. The structure can be the nanotubes and fullerene ball combinations. The quantum dots hover in the fullerene. 

The entanglements are pulled through those nanotubes. 

This makes it possible to protect those structures and their information against outside effects. Because information can travel in only one direction. The system must keep the transmitting side of the quantum entanglements at a higher level than the receiving side. And this is. The main problem. With a quantum network. It's that there is a limit. Also. In the minimum energy level. This means that there is always a point. Where the system must adjust it. That means it must lift the energy level in the particle. 

So, the system sends the information into the receiving particle. Then. It must rise. Its energy level. Into a higher level. Than the next receiving particle. The problem with this thing is that. When the system. As the particle’s or quantum dot’s energy level rises, it must protect the information that is stored in that particle. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-solve-major-challenge-in-quantum-synchronization/

Can negative time explain dark energy?

Can time itself turn into quantum? What if time is the four-dimensional superstring? The thin energy tornado. That spins faster than the speed of light. That could be possible. If that structure can form the quantum vacuum around it. 

Reseachers plan an interesting experiment. Can they turn time itself into quantum? The biggest problem. With physics.  It is. To connect time with the four fundamental interactions: gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear, and strong nuclear interactions. There are theories that time itself could be the fifth force. However, we must first realize one thing. One of the shapes of time is material evolution. The evaporation means. 

The material turns. Into a wave movement. The reason for that is the expansion of the universe. When the universe expands, the quantum fields. That is the common name for the four fundamental interactions, which turn weaker. The reason for that is the free energy that is somehow released into the universe. And we know that thing as the “dark energy”. 

The big question is where that free energy comes from? The experiment. There reseachers. The negative time in photons can give a hint for that. There is a possibility that when extremely low-energy photons travel through the cosmic voids, they put quantum fields. To travel into them. The photon’s speed is always the speed of light. And the speed of light is always relative to its environment. So, when a photon starts to pull energy into it, it forms an energy hill around it. 

And that. Causes an effect where the photon starts to travel in time. This means that those photons bring information (read: “energy”) from the future to the past. There is also a possibility that the photon gets extreme energy loads when it travels through the extremely high-energy radiation, like a black hole’s transition disk. This means that the high-energy object can form negative time into photons. 

The universe is full of low-energy atoms. And low-energy photons. The low-energy photon can also receive energy from the quasars. That energy acts the same way as it did in tests. There. Reseachers noticed the “negative time”. The scale of the universe is much bigger than the space that reseachers used in that test. The cosmic voids are much larger than on Earth. And that means: the negative time is much stronger than on Earth.  Theoretically, the photon that travels through the cosmic void can bring information from the future to the past. 

“Recent quantum physics experiments have demonstrated that photons can exit a medium before they fully enter it, a phenomenon termed "negative time". This means photons appear to spend less than zero time interacting with atoms, suggesting time can act "backward" in quantum interactions without violating causality or enabling time travel”. (Scientific American) 

But then. We can think that time itself is like a wave movement. In some models, time is the wave movement. That spin could be extremely high. So. This hypothetical model means that time could be the 4D (four-dimensional) superstring. When a superstring moves very fast across the space, and spins with very high speed. That causes a situation. There, those superstrings can spin and move faster than the speed of light. How is that possible? The superstring forms its own space around it. Or, if that string is very small, it can travel between other wave movements. 

So, how can an object travel faster than light? The answer is simple. The object must form a space around it. There. Light travels faster than outside that space. The speed of light depends. On the space, or medium. So if we want to cross the speed of light for a short moment, we must just shoot a particle from the void to the medium. The speed of light is higher in a vacuum than in the atmosphere. When a particle hits the atmosphere with a speed that is close to the speed of light in a vacuum. During that process, the particle must remove its kinetic energy. Without that effect, the particle cannot slow its speed. And we see that reaction as a blue-light flash. Or. Blue light shockwave. 

The thing goes like this. The superstring pulls energy inside it. Then it starts to spin. The spin pulls energy out from the superstring. And that forms the void around it. The void must not be stable. But that is enough. For that, the superstring can move faster than the speed of light around that bubble or cosmic voids.  The superstring . It. Can be. Like a quantum tornado or quantum roll. If that string forms in a cosmic void, it could stretch through it. And then it conducts energy into the middle of it. That causes the standing wave. In the middle of it. That energy causes the situation. That cosmic void starts to expand. Also, the edge of the void starts to oscillate. And send a wave movement. 

The ability to stop time means new possibilities for data storage. And computing. The ability to stop time in a microchip is the tool. That gives more time to make calculations. Another thing is that the ability to stop time makes it possible to store information in photons. That thing could be possible.  If reseachers can create a quantum pocket. A place. There. Time is stopped. That means that material evaporation is stopped. And then the photon is stored in it. The outside system increases quantum pressure to compensate for the universe’s expansion. That helps to make a photon that can store information for a long time. 

But if time is an independent force. That makes it possible to store information in time itself. Those kinds of visions. They are very futuristic. 

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250306-the-bizarre-quantum-paradox-of-negative-time

https://www.iflscience.com/what-is-negative-time-77380

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-propose-strange-experiment-where-time-goes-quantum/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_time