Where is the center of the universe?

The universe is weirder than we can even imagine. And many times, people say that there is no center in the universe. Or otherwise thinking. If we want to make borders for the term "universe" and think that the universe is the entirety where all known material exists. We can say that the universe has a center. The universe expands to the great emptiness. We can say that there is no clear border even if we limit the universe to visible material. But that means we would notice only 5% of the universe. 

So if we think like this, we should separate material or the bubble that the Big Bang formed, from space, where that bubble is. So we are living in a bubble. That consists of a small part of known matter. We know that there is more dark matter than visible matter in the universe. But we don't know can the dark matter be outside the bubble of visible material. Nobody has ever seen dark matter, and we cannot be sure how much dark matter is outside the bubble that forms all visible matter.

And it's a remnant of the Big Bang. This means we are living in the Big Bang, where the temperature decreases all the time. We think that the Big Bang was some kind of explosion. We forget that this explosion continues all the time, and the shine from that event is seen as a cosmic microwave background. The newest tool in cosmology is the cosmic gravitational background.

But is the point where the Big Bang happened at the center of the universe? The thing is that in the young universe, the Big Bang was in its entirety. All matter that we know formed in the Big Bang. And that means we are still living in the Big Bang. The temperature of that event decreases.

But does the universe have a center? If we think that the universe is the only thing that we know, we know that there is a center in the cosmic bubble where we live. But if we think that there is also space or dimension behind most long-distance objects, We must say that there is no center in the universe.

https://www.astronomy.com/science/ask-astro-where-is-the-center-of-the-universe/

Dark energy: when stars shine is too bright.

  

The description of dark energy is simple. There is too much energy in the universe. 

Sometimes some researchers say that stars are shining too brightly. And that thing means there is some kind of unknown external or internal source for mysterious dark energy. Or actually, dark energy is no mystery at all. Its wave motion which source is unknown.  But what is the source of that mysterious wave motion? 

There is a couple of explanations for dark energy. 

1) Dark energy could be the wave motion that is coming outside the universe. That means there should be some energy sources that make this thing possible. So that thing (almost) proves the existence of the multiverse. 

2) Dark energy could be the quantum soundwaves coming from the quarks and gluons. The strong nuclear force is the interaction between quarks and gluons. And when gluon travels between quarks it causes a similar effect to the hammer that hits metal balls. 

In this model, there are two different types of dark energy. 

A) Gluons are sending short-wave dark energy

B) Quarks can be the source of long-wave dark energy. 

So dark energy can be radiation that comes from the gluons and quarks. And if we are thinking about the wavelengths of that radiation the shorter wavelength that comes from the gluons can be the hot dark energy. And the radiation that comes from the quarks is cold dark energy with a longer wavelength. 

3) There is an unknown source of dark energy. And that source could be graviton or some more exotic particle than we ever modeled before. Graviton is the source of gravitational waves if that particle existed. So if the graviton exists the place of that, still hypothetical particle is (almost certainly) between the gluon and quark. 

If graviton exists that could be extremely short living. If graviton is like the quantum spark that turns to wave motion immediately. That thing explains many things. That explains why we cannot observe gravitons. In that model, graviton turns wave motion immediately when it releases from its position. 

So that means graviton could be the chameleon particle. That we are looking for. In that model, the graviton is in all particles that have mass. But when graviton is released, it turns to wave motion. 

When graviton collapses it could pull another hypothetical tachyon particle into our universe.  

Or there is the possibility that when graviton collapse. That thing pulls the hypothetical tachyon particle from another dimension to our universe. As I many times wrote before, the dimension is energy level. In the same way, we can think that speed is also energy level. 

Tachyons are hypothetical  "faster than light" particles. But otherwise thinking we might say that tachyons are particles whose energy level is too high that we cannot observe them. So that means those tachyons are a little bit less exotic than we expected. 

Dark energy simply means that there is too much energy in the universe. 

What is dark energy? The answer for that is dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. So description for dark energy can be that there is too much energy in the universe. And that means dark energy is wave motion whose source is unknown. 

One thing in dark energy is simple. It exists. Or the force that rips the universe into pieces exists. And that thing is one of the biggest questions in astronomy. What causes this strange wave motion that rips the universe into pieces? 

Dark energy shows that the standard model of physics is incomplete. The reason for that is that we cannot make a complete model of the system without complete information about that system. If some part of the system is missing the observation cannot match with theoretical models. 

The thing that makes dark energy interesting is that in quantum systems is one rule. Any system itself cannot create energy. It just can transform the form of the energy. So all extra energy that comes to the system must come outside of the system. Or if there are no other systems there must be an unknown component in the system that is the source of that energy.

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

There is a new explanation for the strange gamma-rays. That comes from the center of the Milky Way.

The offer for an explanation of that gamma-ray radiation is microsecond pulsars. The problem with that explanation is that the regular pulsars are not sending gamma-rays. They are sending radio waves and the question is how the radio waves and electrons are turning gamma-rays. The fact is that if there is some kind of radio source in the center of the galaxy.  

Radiation comes from that source that travels through the entire galaxy. And in that journey, the outcoming radiation hits that radio wave of electrons. So during that journey radiation that comes from the other particles is increasing the energy level of that radiation.  So the radiation that comes from the pulsars will face a similar effect to lasers. When radiation hits electrons it increases their energy level.

Radiation makes the same thing as protons and neutrons. When the energy level outside the particle decreases. Those particles are sent wave movement until their energy level is the same as the area around them. 

The microsecond pulsars are possible in areas with extremely high energy levels. Normally pulsars are neutron stars that are part of binary stars. Or they are surrounded by interplanetary nebula. The thing that causes the rotation and the radiation pike of the pulsar is material that impacts a neutron star. 

When a pulsar is near the center of the galaxy. It's in an area where the radiation level is extremely high. That energy level increases also the energy level of the radiation that comes out from the neutron star. When that radiation hits particles of high-energy clouds they are storing that wave movement and energy in their quantum field. 

When that radiation travels through that particle energy level around it will decrease. And that thing causes the particle sends its radiation in the form of wave movement. The same thing happens in neutron bombs. When the radiation of the nuclear explosion hits to neutron cloud. Those neutrons are releasing their extra energy in the form of neutron radiation. 

The energy level of the area near the center of the galaxy is extremely high energy. In the galaxy's center is a black hole that sends radiation around it. When the X-rays from that black hole impact a pulsar or neutron star. That increases their energy level. 

Or otherwise, radiation from the pulsars hits the material disk around the black hole. The material around the black hole is at a high energy level. When electrons impact the material around the black hole. They are sending radiation that might have a gamma-ray frequency. 

https://scitechdaily.com/strange-galactic-signal-coming-from-the-center-of-the-galaxy-has-potential-new-explanation/

Researchers plan to send a probe to Mars by using a powerful laser system.

The lasers are allowing to send spacecraft to orbiter without pollution. That thing makes them a very powerful tools. In the most futuristic plans, the extremely powerful nuclear-powered lasers can send the spacecraft even to other solar systems. And the same lasers that send spacecraft to orbiters and other planets can use as ASAT (Anti Satellite-systems). Those lasers could destroy satellites from the orbiter. 

There is planned to use giant laser systems for lifting satellites to the orbiter of the Earth. And also those lasers could use to send probes to outer solar systems. The problem with those giant lasers is that the systems are heating the spacecraft. That heat effect can minimize by cooling the satellite as cold as possible. The use of lasers for sending spacecraft to orbiters is not new.

In those systems, the laser ray makes hot air under the craft. And that effect lifts the craft from the ground. In some other plans, the laser ray that is inside the craft would use to vaporize liquid hydrogen. That thing can use to thrust spacecraft. The lasers can also use for vaporizing the metals that are driven to particle accelerators. Those particle accelerators can be used as ion motors. 

Graphene-based high-power particle accelerators can be used as ion engines. 

Image 1:) "(a) Schematics of the experiment. By irradiating a large-area suspended graphene target (LSG)with the ultra-intense J-KAREN laser, energetic ions are generated. (b) and (c) show the Raman spectrum and microscope image of graphene, respectively. (d) and (e) show the schematic drawing of stack detector using solid-state path trackers and Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), respectively. (g) and (f) show the typical data from TPS and stack, respectively. Credit: 2022 Y. Kuramitsu et al. Robustness of large-area suspended graphene under interaction with intense laser. Scientific Reports" (ScitechDaily/Graphene and an Intense Laser Open the Door to Extreme Energetic Ion Acceleration

As lasers, the ion cannons can use to push the craft upward. The craft can be equipped with the opposite polar electric load than the ion flow. That allows to rise it to the orbiter. 

The graphene and lasers are making it possible to create intense powerful ion accelerators. Those systems can use as an engine in spacecraft. The ion engines are particle accelerators. The graphene-ion accelerator can use for creating thrust for spacecraft. The thing is that the high-energy accelerators can also use as space weapons for the killer satellites whose primary objective is to destroy enemy satellites. The killer satellites can also deliver ions to the atmosphere for disturbing enemy communication. 

https://futurism.com/the-byte/mars-giant-laser-earth

https://scitechdaily.com/graphene-and-an-intense-laser-open-the-door-to-extreme-energetic-ion-acceleration/

Image:) https://scitechdaily.com/graphene-and-an-intense-laser-open-the-door-to-extreme-energetic-ion-acceleration/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Could a hypothetical quark star be invisible?

 

There is the possibility that there are so-called "stealth stars" in the universe

The hypothetical quark star is one of the "should be" objects. But there is no single observation of that type of star. Theoretically, quark stars are the medium between neutron stars and black holes. But why we cannot see that thing? 

Could the reflection that comes from free quarks have a wavelength that we cannot observe? The free quarks will send the radiation that has so short wavelength that we cannot observe that radiation because we have no object that resonates with that thing.

What if radiation comes straight from the surface of quarks? Normally the radiation comes from the quantum fields of atoms or protons and neutrons. But if there are free quarks somewhere in the universe, those quarks would send radiation that has so short wavelength that we cannot see that thing. So does that thing explain, why we have no observations about the hypothetical quark stars? Are those objects sending wavelength that is invisible to us?

Could dark energy mean the radiation that comes straight from the surface of quarks? If naked quarks are sending the radiation. That radiation has a wavelength that is shorter than any other radiation. Normally quarks are in the protons and neutrons. And those objects are sending radiation from their quantum fields. 

But there is the case where the quarks might be free. That case is the quark star. There is the possibility that the quark stars are invisible to us because in those cases the quarks are sending radiation in the wavelength that is the size of quarks. 

The thing that might cause the forming of a stealth star is the case, where the reflection is coming back in the form of a wavelength that is impossible to see. So maybe so-called quark stars have small bubbles of quarks on their surface that make them invisible to the eye.

In that case, the reflection happens with a wavelength that is coming from the frequency of quarks. When radiation hits the quarks they are sending echo as the wavelength that is the same. As the size of those subatomic particles. In normal cases, quarks are in the protons and neutrons. And we can see things like neutron stars. 

The reflection from the neutron stars is coming as the wavelength that is the same as the size of neutrons. But in quark star the quarks are naked. They are without the quantum field and give the reflection as the pure quarks. In a neutron star, the radiation reflection comes from quantum fields that surround neutrons. So if naked quarks are giving reflection or sending radiation that means the wavelength of that radiation would be far shorter than radiation that comes from neutrons. 

The question of planet 9 is causing an interesting theorem. Could that mysterious object that causes the strange gravitational effect to the trajectory of planet Neptune be the fermion or rather saying quark star. 

There is the possibility that the quark stars are invisible because the quarks are sending radiation reflection in a wavelength that is impossible to notice. There is the possibility that quark stars are not smooth. In some theories, the quarks are making the small hills or small bubbles in the surface of the quark stars. And that thing means that the reflection from that surface is coming from an extremely short wavelength. 

There is the possibility that there are so-called "stealth stars" in the universe. In some ideas, extremely heavy objects can surround by the whirl of electrons. Which are pushing photons away from the surface. In some other visions, the halo that is caused by reflecting radiation around quark stars can eliminate the reflection. In that case, the star reflects 100% of radiation in the same direction where that incoming wave movement is coming. 

And in this case, the counter radiation of the object will delete the incoming radiation. So in this idea, the object acts like an active jammer system that denies the echo of the radiation. When the incoming and reflecting radiation with the same wavelengths hit together they are neutralizing each other. 

https://physicsworld.com/a/calculations-point-to-massive-quark-stars/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_star

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_star

Image:https://physicsworld.com/a/calculations-point-to-massive-quark-stars/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

The giant accelerator would allow interstellar traveling

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

The power source for interstellar traveling is the major problem in those futuristic spacecraft. If we are thinking about Warp-drive, what can travel faster than light, we must realize, that we would need the brand new technology, in the very giant scale. The spacecraft that would travel faster than light must be base the technology, what is ever created in the real life, and making this technology really is the very complicated process. The shape of the spacecraft would be like some science fiction spacecraft, what uses antimatter or WARP-propulsion for increasing the speed of 80-90 percent of the speed of light.


And in this spacecraft would be particle accelerator, what could be like the linear version of "Hedron", what is located in CERN. That accelerator would be like some extreme long tube at the nose of the spacecraft, what might be quite similar, what is planned to use in "Project Thor". The difference would be that the device is equipped with antimatter-motors, what will accelerate it for speed, what is near the speed of light, and then the accelerator would be launched. But the size of this spacecraft would be much bigger, what is planned for "Thor".


The interstellar spacecraft would first accelerate the top speed, what could be something like 90 percent of the speed of light, and the particle accelerator would shoot the capsule to the top speed. The problem of this hypothetical spacecraft would be the size of this thing. The accelerator must be over hundreds of kilometers long, and the electricity, what is used in this gigantic rail gun is very high. This spacecraft would be built in the space, and it would be very huge. If it sometimes would be made.


So there must be the very powerful power source, that this very huge spacecraft would be worked. And after the spacecraft have been shot by the railgun there is no return back. The capsule would fly to Alpha Centaur in about two years, but the problem is the slowing. And of course, the home trip would be difficult. In one scenario this spacecraft would use sophisticated artificial intelligence, and it would have sub-robots, what would build another accelerator at the orbiter of the target star.


This kind of artificial intelligence could also make the copy of the spacecraft if that is damaged. This technology is called "Von Neumann technology". In this case, those robots would search suitable materials from asteroids, what is orbiting the star by using laser-spectrometers. Then the materials would be transferred to the factory, and then those systems can create microchips and other stuff, what is needed for new spacecraft. This kind of systems can help us to colonize the entire galaxy in the distant future, but there are many technical problems to win before the trip to stars would be real.

Fermi paradox: Where is everybody? (Where are other civilizations?)

https://marxjatalous.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

If we would calculate the number of known planets, what are on the habitable zone of the sun type star we would get number one if we would live in 1950's And if we would see how many known civilizations were in that kind of planets in that time, we can get number one. So if we would calculate the probability to meet intelligent civilization on the Earth-type planet, what is in the habitable zone of the star, we could find number 100. So in every earth type planet, what orbits the star in the habitable zone should have an intelligent life form.


And here we must ask again where are those civilizations? When we are looking at the Drake equation, we must think about the question, where are the aliens, if every earth-type planet in the habitable zone of stars would have intelligent life. Here we must go to the Fermi paradox, the attempt to explain why there would be no answer from another civilization? The one thing in this paradox is, that when the civilization would get some special level of science and technology, they could destroy themselves with nuclear weapons.


This explanation is one of the most well-known things about this paradox. And then somebody would ask, "Was the Second World War the ultimate test", and if the mankind passed that test, would it become super civilization? The other thing in the Fermi paradox is that the gamma-ray bursts would destroy the civilization, and the opponent would claim, that if the civilization would have enough high technical level, they could evacuate to the dark side of their home planet.


And also moving to the dark side or underground network of tunnels, would that civilization survive even from the biggest cosmic catastrophes. When we are thinking about the communication between civilizations, there is, of course, the possibility that the hypothetical alien would not answer, because it would not feel the communication safe. That means it afraid that some other hostile aliens would locate it, and then the war between worlds would raise.


Sometimes some persons think, that maybe the afraid of conflict between two very technical civilizations would survive the Earth. Because if some civilization would use weapons like Death Star, it would show the power to other civilizations, what have the even better equipment and technology. Sometimes I have faced the theory, that other civilizations would leave us alone because we would be too pathetic being seriously taken.


That kind of talking is very usual between philosophers. Or maybe the radio signals, what are left to the universe are too weak to notice. Maybe the radio waves, what are coming from other stars and galaxies are acting like ECM-jammer system. That radio-transmission can cover the radio-waves, what is sending by using Hydrogen Alpha-frequency. Maybe we are alone maybe not. But the searching would continue.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox

The thoughts about the Apollo program, and its three men crews.

Saturn-V rocket
(https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/saturnv-3_0.jpg)

https://kirjabloggaus.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

There are many explanations for why NASA returned to the Moon, and why they send three-man crews on that journey? The most common explanation for staying out from Moon is of course that the costs of that project would be so huge, and that explanation is the most acceptable of those stories. But if I would stop writing here, I must give you the very short text, and that's why I must start to write something, what is not proven in anywhere. Only thing what is interesting is, that NASA sends three-men crews to the Moon, and that would make social problems in the spacecraft because only two of those crews could land to the Moon. But everything else is pure fiction, or I hope so.


One of those explanations is that the military is testing some kind of weapons at the Moon, and that would be the reason, why the humans did not go in there since 1973. At above this text is a picture of the Saturn V-rocket. In some theories, there would be the nuclear missiles dug under the dust of the moon, and they could be inside some kind of tubes. Those missiles would cause horrified surprise if they would be used against the target on Earth. And some stories tell that this study project had code name "Project Luna". The weapon base would be fully automatized and remote controlled.

 But there are some other things, what makes that leaving out of the Moon very interesting thing.  In some other stories the moonwalk and other things in that project, what was called as "Apollo" served the top-secret or semi-secret project called "Ozma". In this attempt to make the relationship between the civilizations were send the message to some stars, that humans are here. And when the astronauts were sent to Moon, the investigators of NASA tried to recognize if the footprints on the Moon would somehow be changed.


 And they send Apollo to the Moon for making two missions one is public and the second was somehow childish attempt to uncover the secret moon base of aliens, and until yet the NASA would not be given answers from humanoids. and there is no evidence about the connection with the "Project Ozma". There is one remarkable detail in the Apollo program, and that is why NASA used three men crews, and only two of them would land to the Moon. This is the only fact what is shown true in the stories, why humans did not send back to Moon.


Three persons in the small space cause always anger and other problems with social relations. and maybe NASA tested the anger management process of the most qualified military personnel, but if we are thinking carefully the three men crew would cause that the astronauts were unable to make observations because of they afraid fights or anger, and did NASA that election for the strength of the crew because they had something to hide.

https://read.bi/2uyP3Lj

The moon-shuttle and space station

David A Hardy's painting
"Eros expedition"
(Picture I)

http://kimmontaidearvioita.blogspot.com/p/the-moon-shuttle-and-space-station.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

We are all read about plans to make the moon shuttle and that plan is very interesting. The moon shuttle would be the spacecraft, what would not land to the Earth, and the use of that spacecraft would be like, the crew and other things would transfer to the normal shuttle at the Earth orbital, and then the moon shuttle would be refueled. The shape of this shuttle would be the simple tube, what can be made by using the rocket stage of Delta or Atlas rockets. That stage would be equipped with feet, what are similar to the rockets that are made by David Hardy in the painting above the text. The name of the painting is "Eros expedition", and it portraits the fictional journey to the asteroid Eros, but the similar spaceship can operate from the Moon and travel to Asteroid belt.

An aerodynamic cone, what would protect the docking unit would be removed at the orbital. Or it can be made for turning away from the head of this spacecraft. The technology, what might be used in this enhanced lunar vehicle is basically similar, what have used in the Apollo-program. The big size allows a big cargo bay and this spacecraft would be also used as the space station for the astronauts. In distant future, this kind of spacecraft can also be equipped with ion motors and small nuclear reactor, what allows it to maneuver in large areas in the asteroid belt and investigate the asteroids. And sometimes I have imagined, that it would be equipped with the high power electric generator, what allows to produce the electromagnetic field over this spacecraft, what would protect the crew against cosmic radiation.


If we think the most conventional model of this planned spacecraft, what would use liquid hydrogen and oxygen as a fuel, we must notice that  the biggest difference of this vehicle for Apollo-craft is, that it could fly between Moon and the Earth many times, and if the operator will want, this spacecraft would be land to the Earth without the parachute. The main motor would impose the thrust, that the speed of falling thru the atmosphere would be safe. And if we are honest, the similar technology can be used to send that tube-looking spacecraft to the orbital. The answer for keeping the speed low enough will be in the computerized ventilation system, what imposes the flow of oxygen and fuel all the time during the flight, that the nose of the rocket would not rise too high.


The secret of rockets is they need the mass of fuel to fly to the orbiter, but the rocket must create enough exhaust gasses, that the pressure of those gasses would be bigger than the weight of the rocket. The motor ventilation allows imposing the pushing force of the rocket, that the non-aerodynamic shape would be possible. But the aerodynamic cone can make that way, it has the hinge, what turns it away when the spacecraft is out of the atmosphere.

Picture I

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/61/49/45/614945d6efb3c534338229d76c881bf1--universe-art-alien-art.jpg

What if we would combine the HULC-exoskeleton and space suit

Picture I

http://kimmontaidearvioita.blogspot.com/p/what-if-we-would-combine-hulc.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

This writing is pure fiction. I took the idea for it from the movie "Predator", and this solution would be pure science fiction. The space suit is very suitable for deep-sea scuba diving, and also the use of this equipment in high-level radioactive areas feels a good idea, but there is one problem with that suit. The weight of the space suit is enormous, and the weight of this system causes, that it is useless in this kind of missions. But with one special equipment, this thing can revolutionize the handling of nuclear disaster and diving technologies. This equipment is HULC-style exoskeleton, what allows the capacity to use the space suit in the surface of Earth. The exoskeleton would give extremely big power to the person, who uses that machine. The space suit is suitable also in deep-sea missions because the suit is very hard. Actually, the space suit is a man-shaped spacecraft.


And in theory, the team, what uses this equipment can be dropped from the spacecraft to operational area, and the space suit is hard enough to resist the pressure of the deepest sea. Those persons can carry the heat shield, what looked like shields, what the knights used, and they can return to the atmosphere. Then the parachutes would be open, and those persons could start their operation in the deep sea or in the radioactive area. Those systems are very expensive, but they can be allowed to operate in the areas, what is too hostile for normal rescue or operative team.


The space suits can allow getting the things from the sunken ships, what are very deep.  The connecting that very heavy thing with HULC-system, could the operator also work in the places like the nuclear disaster. The space suit can allow that the man can handle the uranium fuel without risk of getting radiation illness, but this would make very bad visions in my sight. Space suits are equipped with the thing, what is called the "micrometeorite protection". That means that this suit could be used as the armor suit, what would resist all kind of threats. The suit can be equipped with RTG-generator and lasers. The laser would be in the back of the operator, and the laser rays can be transferred to the arms by using light cables. And the RTG would give enough power to that system. The exoskeleton would give enough force, that one person could carry this kind of equipment.


When we are thinking, that the space suit would be used as some kind of "predator" mission, that thing can also be equipped with the nuclear detonator. The nuclear detonator could be modified RTG-generator, where would be connected with another bite of plutonium. Power of that device would be extremely low, what means about 0,5-2 kilotons. The military might be interested in this kind of devices because they would cover the identity of the operator if this person would be injured. The space suit allows avoiding the DNA markings of the operator, and it will be very hard, and maybe in some laboratories are tested, how suitable this thing would be in some kind of missions. But the high price of that system would limit its use to the space missions. This thing could be very good equipment in some science fiction book, and in the real life, the space suit can be too expensive in the everyday use.

https://www.army-technology.com/projects/human-universal-load-carrier-hulc/

Picture I

https://www.draper.com/sites/default/files/news/spacesuit.jpg

Lockheed-Martin and fusion powered fighter, real-life Millennium Falcon

Picture I

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Lockheed-Martin corporation is trying to make fighter or airplane, what would use Fusion reactor for flying. That seems like something from Science fiction books, but in this case, would this fusion motor become the real thing. The fusion motor doesn't mean that the aircraft needs nuclear reactors or the fusion would be self-sustain.


In those concepts, what is theoretically investigated in tens of years, the fusion will give only the driving force. The motor itself is theoretical very simple, the fusion element would be conducted thru the reactor, and then the lasers would ignite the artificial sun inside or outside the reactor. Those lasers can get their electric power from fuel cells, conventional turbo-generators, what are rotating by jet turbines or by nuclear reactors.

"Daedalus"
Picture II

Also, windmill-generators what is used in some Electronic warfare aircraft can be used in that role (Picture IV). That kind of fusion reactor was planned to interstellar spacecraft "Daedalus" what was planned by interplanetary society. In that solution, the fusion reactor would use assisted by another propulsion system, what gives power to those lasers. Of course, those lasers can use acetylene lights in their lightning tubes, and that would decrease the need for electric power.

Picture III

Those lasers can be carbon-monoxide lasers, what are most powerful chemical lasers in the world. Their mission is to create enough energy, that fusion would start in the middle of them. That motor would be the very revolutionizing solution in aviation, and that would give change to travel in the universe at least in our own solar system and also in the atmosphere of planets.

Picture IV

In some wildest dreams, that fusion powered aircraft would look like the normal fighter, and it air intakes would use as the port for the interstellar ramjet. In that fictional motor, the powerful magnetic field would suck the ions thru the fusion motor, and in this process, the magnetic field would pressure that ion flow like wire, what goes thru the reactor, and then the laser rays would ignite the fusion. The problem of that system would be auxiliary power, what is needed to make those laser-rays and magnets what would press that ionic flow.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://www.space.com/37146-nuclear-fusion-rockets-interstellar-spaceflight.html

http://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/realdesignsfusion.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUUuMAsaJBU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeJCneMkxQk


Picture I

http://cdn3.theeventchronicle.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/lockheed-martin-patents-nuclear-fusion-powered-fighter-jet.jpg

Picture II

http://public.media.smithsonianmag.com/legacy_blog/fusion-engine.jpg

Picture III
https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2010/03/george-h-miley-presentation-on-nuclear.html

Picture IV

https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8g2DinNhXCU/maxresdefault.jpg


https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/


http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/lockheed-martin-and-fusion-powered.html

About the dominance of the space and world

luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
luonnonihmeitakaikillamausteilla.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/about-the-dominance-of-the-space-and-world/
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The starship of tomorrow

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Why Starcraft or the body of space telescope is good to be the triangle shape, is the question, what might be interested people. The triangular shape allows making more powerful radios or DEW (Directed  Energy Weapons) than any other shape. In the middle of this triangular body is one very strong maser and both sides are two weaker radio transmitter. That's why this shape is so good for spacecraft.


The maser what is in the middle of the triangle collects the radiation, and that would raise the power of that system. If the system uses one powerful antenna, the problem of that system would be overheating. And three smaller transmitters would keep the heating problem under control. The use of maser would make the signal more clear than using the normal radios. The coherent signal, what has only one frequency would carry messages far away from the transmitter.


Also, visible light can be used, but this would need that some optical telescopes would equip with light cells, what makes possible to read about those messages. The transmission would happen by binary codes, and the marks what would be used are zero and one. So this system is actually similar to the normal Internet. But the range of communication would be extremely long. The signal must be allowed to read, even if it would send from thousand astronomical units from earth.


If we think that this triangular shape would be used in some laser satellites or weapons, the system works like communication system. There would be three lasers, and those rays would be collected with the central laser to one very powerful ray, what would burn every other satellite. If we would have enough budget, we would make the 300 meters long triangular spacecraft. That spacecraft would not ever land to other planets, but it can travel in the solar system, and offer its crew very good room for their trip.


That spacecraft size would be so huge, that it must build at the space, and at the planet operates robots, what would make the flight more comfortable and also safer, because the crew would not be infected by those planets bacteria.  And that kind of vehicles would need laser-cannons to protect them against asteroids, but there would be a danger, that this giant spacecraft would become the military system. This kind of system would be very useful in many military space operations like catching opponents satellites and investigating their electronics and secrets in that giant laboratory, what might look like Imperial Starcruiser from the Star Wars movies.

Sources:

Picture 1.

https://www.koniec-swiata.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/tajna-flota-kosmiczna-600x300.jpg

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-starship-of-tomorrow.html

Nature and its relationship with art and science.

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/nature-and-its-relationship-with-art.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/nature-and-its-relationship-with-art.html

Monkeys are very intelligent animals, what can be trained almost any mission, what mankind can imagine.

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/monkeys-are-very-intelligent-animals.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/monkeys-are-very-intelligent-animals.html

Anti-gravity for fixed magnet-rails, what pushes the aircraft, what has the magnet with the same pole is possible in theory.

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/anti-gravity-for-fixed-magnet-rails.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/anti-gravity-for-fixed-magnet-rails.html

What kind of spaceships would the aliens use, if they want to observe us, or we if we want to observe them?

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/what-kind-of-spaceships-would-aliens.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/what-kind-of-spaceships-would-aliens.html