Water crystallization in low gravity and temperature can open new ways to model water.

"The Universe’s most abundant ice isn’t formless—it’s secretly laced with crystals. And that might change how we think about water, planets, and life itself. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Scientists have uncovered a hidden structure inside the Universe’s most common ice—found on comets, moons, and interstellar dust—challenging decades of belief." (ScitechDaily, Tiny Crystals Hidden in Cosmic Ice Could Rewrite What We Know About Water and Life)

The new observations about the water crystallization can open new models for water and life in the universe. When water crystallizes at a very low temperature and under weak gravity it can form microcrystals. Those microcrystals are something that doesn’t form on Earth. The microcrystals can form a structure alone or with some liquid gas that makes it look like liquid. If there is liquid nitrogen or helium between those microcrystal bites that thing can cause a situation where those crystals can form the “icy quicksand”. 

That means those crystal ice bites behave like sand in quicksand and the liquid gas acts like water in quicksand. There is a possibility that the extremely small nanocrystals could form the liquid-looking structure on icy planets. Those new observations about water behavior open the road to making models about the lifeforms. Or, sharper saying the DNA, or mRNA controlled icy crystals can exist on some distant worlds. In those ultra-cold conditions, the DNA or RNA can make those crystals act like cells act in our planet. 

The image of Pluto from the New Horizons probe. The white structure near the pole seems to be some kind of geyser or “icy volcano”. That means Pluto's low gravity along with the Kharon moons' gravity effect and tidal forces can keep water from moving on that strange world. If there is liquid water on that dwarf planet. 

“In this image of Pluto’s surface, the red luminance corresponds to the infrared data acquired by the Ralph/MVIC instrument carried by New Horizons. Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/ZLDoyle” (ScitechDaily, New Horizons Reveals Dunes Made of Tiny Grains of Solid Methane on Pluto)

That doesn’t mean. The undersurface ocean must cover the entire planet. There can be small “lakes” on that dwarf planet. Maybe most of the liquid is methane, nitrogen, and other gases. Those lakes that can hold water can be below the white cap near Pluto’s pole. 

The theory about quantum water is also interesting. 

On distant planets, water is at the minimum energy level. The hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in their maximum size. And those atoms form the Bose-Einstein condensate. There is a possibility that the weak gravity along with other effects can turn those water molecules straight and make them spin very fast. In that case, the water molecules that are very low can be unable to make bonds with the other water molecules. That means in the low temperature and low gravity it is possible that the water remains in a form that looks like liquid. 

This kind of liquid water is nothing that we see on Earth. This kind of phenomenon can be possible only in a low-pressure, lowest possible temperature, that is near 0K. And the third thing is the ultra-low gravity field. The low gravity field can keep water liquid far below zero. The thing that keeps water in liquid form is the whirls that move the water. 

If we think of dwarf planets like Pluto and Eris and their moons, their gravity is very low. And the other thing is that those objects are very thin. The third thing is that the gravitational effect of their moons like Kharon is stronger than on Earth. That can cause conditions where the whirls can keep the water liquid even in those extremely low temperatures. Tidal forces of those moons are more powerful because the dwarf planet's gravity is not very strong. 

https://scitechdaily.com/new-horizons-reveals-dunes-made-of-tiny-grains-of-solid-methane-on-pluto/

https://scitechdaily.com/tiny-crystals-hidden-in-cosmic-ice-could-rewrite-what-we-know-about-water-and-life/

There is movement in the place where nothing should move.

"Schematic of an exciton surfing the moiré potential arising from a semiconductor material known as a transition metal dichalcogenide. Credit: Antonio Rossi" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Motion Where Physics Said There Should Be None)

 "A hidden quantum wave may keep particles moving, even when everything else freezes." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Motion Where Physics Said There Should Be None)

"Researchers discovered that phasons, a type of low-temperature quasiparticle found in crystal lattices, allow interlayer excitons to move, even at temperatures where motion is expected to stop." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Motion Where Physics Said There Should Be None)

"This finding advances fundamental understanding in materials science and could improve the stability of quantum technologies, including the potential use of excitons as qubits." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Motion Where Physics Said There Should Be None)

"The work was made possible by tools and expertise at the Imaging and Manipulation of Nanostructures facility at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Discover Motion Where Physics Said There Should Be None)

The zero kelvin or absolute zero is ( -273, 15 C). Liquid Helium freezes at that temperature.

At that temperature, all movement ends. That is also the energy minimum in the universe. Researchers reached absolute zero in the laboratory. 

The real universe is 3 degrees warmer. The cosmic background called 3K radiation rises its temperature. But there is the possibility that in these ultra-cold conditions is the movement. Ultra-cold quasiparticles called phases can keep moving even if everything else freezes. The phason forms energy flow on the lattice temperature is adore zero. The phason is like an energy droplet that flows on the layer. The reason why phason exists is in the Pauli exclusion principle. 

There are no two identical fermions in the system. So all particles in the system are a little bit different. And that causes energy flows in the system. Those energy flows can form things like small quasiparticles in the system. Normally those quasiparticles don't matter very much. But in absolute zero those particles have meaning. 

"A moiré pattern formed by two units of parallel lines, one unit rotated 5° clockwise relative to the other". (Wikipedia, Moiré pattern). Same way particles and their energy fields behave. That means there is always certain inaccuracy in all systems. That inaccuracy means that. No system can keep its energy forever. No object can move 100% of its energy to another. When energy travels from other particle to another it pushes the receiving particle. Even in the lowest energy levels, there is energy movement between particles. Energy travels between electrons and the atom's nucleus. Same way gluons between quarks transport energy inside the atom's core. 

The image above shows the Moiré potential. There are always energy peaks, and energy valleys even in the lowest energy materials. Those potential differences form when electrons orbit around the atom's core. And that means that all surfaces seem waving if we can see them using strong enough microscopes. 

Those things are important in the quantum technology. The ability to control those waves brings new tools for quantum technology. If those waves travel in one direction that allows them to move qubits like a ball that rides on those waves. 

The reason for that is that quarks and electrons that form material travel different distances through different quantum fields. So all those subatomic particles have a little bit different energy levels. And energy always travels to a lower energy point. Even if researchers try to remove energy from the system they are doomed to fail. 

One of the reasons for that is material is one energy form. When the shape of the universe changes that forms space between those particles. So the particle's energy field tries to fill that hole. Same way when electrons and other particles spin, that makes energy flow to the system. 

There is always movement in the material. Electrons orbit the atom's nucleus and that means they harness energy from the atom's core. At that temperature, the electron can impact another electron and from the energy flow between them. In the same way things like the universe's expansion cause material vaporization. And that causes energy flows even in absolute zero.  

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-motion-where-physics-said-there-should-be-none/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moiré_pattern«

The principle of superconductivity is easy to understand.

Metals and some other materials are turning superconductive in low temperatures. The superconductivity is the result of the lack of oscillation of the object. And that thing makes objects superconducting. There is also a second way to make an object superconducting. 

That thing is increased pressure. And an extremely high pressure ends the oscillation in metal. The problem is that the needed pressure is over 20 thousand times the atmosphere. And if there is a lean in the system that can cause a dangerous situation. The combination of low temperature and high pressure can make it possible to create superconductors that are operating at higher temperatures than ever before. 

The third way is to use plasma or a magnetic field that is pushing the wires as normal pressure does. In that case, the magnetic fields are making it possible to create superconducting at room temperature. 

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The thing that makes the object superconductive is that its atoms are close to each other. So they act like a stick when an electron hits them. 

In normal material, those atoms are like balls they would pull energy out from electron that moves between them. But in superconducting objects, the energy travels in atoms' quantum fields. 

In superconducting entirety, they form a thick entirety. When an electron hits those atoms it hits their quantum fields it pushes the quantum field or atom forward. 

So the entire line of atoms is moving forward. And then it sends the quantum forward. Because the electron pushes the entire atom line that acts like a stick forward that thing doesn't cause resistance. 

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But the thing that makes the object superconductive is that there is no loose space between those particles. The atoms are pressed extremely close to each other. And that means they cannot move anywhere when an electron hits them. So the energy travels through that object without any resistance. 

Resistance is the thing that is caused when energy travels in the object. And the atoms are swinging when their quantum field swings like jelly. That swing requires energy. And that energy is out from electrons that are traveling at the core of the electric wire. 

When atoms are packed close to each other they can transmit energy in the form of wave motion. When an electron hits those atoms it will push the entire atom line. And then that atom line sends the quantum to another side of it. That thing removes resistance between those atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/holy-grail-of-energy-efficiency-physicists-advance-in-race-for-room-temperature-superconductivity/

Nature and its relationship with art and science.

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/nature-and-its-relationship-with-art.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/nature-and-its-relationship-with-art.html