What was before the Big Bang. (Part II)

  What was before the Big Bang. (Part II)

"Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time. Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin. Physicists in Canada propose that our universe could be a reflection of an antimatter universe that existed before the Big Bang." (CREDIT: Getty Images)" The brighter side, Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin)

The antiuniverse or antiverse is the model. That is based on the supernova explosion model. When a large star explodes, that event forms a so-called time-glass nebula. So, could the Big Bang event have formed the two universes? The idea is that when two giant whirls. That spin was opposite. Those giant whirls formed the spark, or the explosion that sent two universes into different directions. If those proto-anti-universe and the proto-universe impacted. That could form the universe and the anti-universe. 

This question is one of the most interesting, because it helps researchers to calculate the values of the particles.  When a particle travels through the universe. Energy and quantum fields touch it. Those touches leave marks on those particles. And that helps to get information from distant galaxies. But this is not possible. If researchers don’t know the strength of those energy fields. This means that modeling the Big Bang makes it possible to calculate changes in the energy levels in an expanding universe. 

  

What energy should be in those particles that exist in the modern universe? 

And if researchers can calculate. What kind of energy should those particles have? They can search for differences between theoretical and real values. That gives data about the fields. That the particle faced. During its journey.  But it’s impossible to calculate theoretical values without knowing the beginning values. 

Was there some kind of energy flow that formed two opposite rotating whirls that were positive and negative (+ and -) universes? And was the Big Bang some kind of spark between those giant whirls?  That doesn’t mean that antiversum and universe require material. They require opposite fields that cause a similar reaction to the antimatter-matter annihilation. 

In some models, the energy arrow that traveled through the field formed two giant whirls. Those whirls can be the anti-universe and the universe. Or, those whirls were the positive and negative whirls. If those two positive and negative proto-universes act like matter and antimatter. They can pull each other together. 

Above: Time glass nebula. 

So can the antiverse explain the Big Bang? 

In this case, we should rather talk about the antiverse. As a mirror universe. Or, mirror protouniverse . Where there was some kind of material. We could say that in the case of the proto-universe, the antiversum was rather the whirl where energy fields rotate in the opposite direction. Than the other universe that we can call the “normal universe”. If the proto-universe and proto-anti-universe were oppositely rotating whirls in the energy field or in free gravitational wave movement. We can think that those whirls pulled each other together like antimatter and matter. Pulled each other together. 

It’s possible that those extremely large rotational whirls impact each other, and they formed the lightning or the spark. That spark could be like a shortcut between positive and negative fields, and that spark could be the thing that we can call the universe. When the Big Bang happened. Energy was homogenously spread through the entire universe. Then the universe's expansion made holes. In that homogenous energy field. And that caused situations where energy started to fill those holes. 

Could dark energy or some part of dark energy form when quarks or gluons collide with their antimatter pairs? That thing can mean that this kind of thing can put energy into moving. 

Can black holes’ relativistic jets be formed from new fermions in the universe? When we talk about black holes and their relativistic jets, they can form fermion-anti-fermion pairs. That means that effect condenses energy fields into the form of matter. That means if Schwinger effect forms matter in the modern universe, that thing forms fermion-antifermion pairs. And those particle-antiparticle pairs can annihilate, transforming into energy. So could dark energy’s source be in the quark and anti-quark annihilation? Or in some more exotic particles, annihilation, like the gluon-antigluon annihilation. 

This can mean that energy, or wave movement that travels into those energy holes, is stated to fill those holes, and the Schwinger effect could form material in those whirls. Some of those whirls could be so strong that the wave movement formed different-sized primordial black holes. The question is always. Do black holes' relativistic jets form new particles in the universe? Relativistic jets are the most powerful things in the universe. Because black holes also interact with dark matter and dark energy. That means a black hole can form two relativistic jets, visible and dark energy jets.    

When dark energy jets travel through the universe, they can turn dark energy fields into some kind of particles. The changes in dark energy could form. When dark energy turns into some kind of particles. When we think about the nature of energy, matter is one of the forms of energy. Particles are energy packages. When energy binds itself into matter or particles, that means that energy is away from its environment. 

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/groundbreaking-research-suggests-that-our-universe-has-an-antiuniverse-twin/

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-partner-anti-universe-expansion-dark.amp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane_cosmology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

Dark dwarfs can erase dark matter. And get energy from that reaction.

 Dark dwarfs can erase dark matter. And get energy from that reaction.  

"A newly proposed type of stellar object, called a dark dwarf, may be hiding in the heart of our galaxy. These faint, low-mass stars could be powered not by fusion, but by the annihilation of dark matter particles, possibly revealing the elusive nature of one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (These Strange Stars Could Reveal the True Nature of Dark Matter)

If dark energy can form a soliton, that soliton can transform dark energy into visible energy. 

The dark dwarfs could be mysterious substellar objects that can destroy dark matter and convert it into energy. When those objects erase dark matter. That means that dark dwarves transform hypothetical dark matter particles into wave movement. That wave movement can also form in cases where dark matter particles impact each other. Or those hypothetical particles can also aim wave movement into the dark dwarves and turn dark energy visible. In that case, the dark energy waves can form a soliton. If dark energy is extremely short-wave radiation. 

And, if dark energy starts to create a soliton. That soliton grows so high that its wavelength matches the observable wave movement. That causes interaction between dark and visible energy, or wave movement. 

So, a dark dwarf can form a soliton that acts as a tensor between dark and visible energy. The problem is how to pack dark energy into a soliton. The base element in this model is that. Dark matter is at least one of the sources of dark energy. The idea is that because dark matter is invisible, it sends a wave movement in the wavelength that we cannot see. 

"Artistic representation of a dark dwarf. Credit: Image created by Sissa Medialab staff with Adobe Illustrator"  (These Strange Stars Could Reveal the True Nature of Dark Matter)

Or if those dark matter particles impact, that sends a wave movement. And that means that wave movement can be a dark energy. And if dark energy forms when something erases dark matter, that means the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, observations support that model. If dark matter turns into a wave movement. That makes holes in dark matter. Because there is less dark matter in the universe. That causes a change in scattering in dark energy. 

So, if black holes are a dark energy source, can the dark dwarf be a tensor that can transform dark energy into visible energy? 

Dark dwarves are hypothetical objects that the dark matter or energy, which is composed of dark matter particles, such as hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, can release when that strange object turns dark matter into wave movement or energy. The dark dwarf is like a tensor that transforms energy, from which WIMPs are released when they annihilate. 

The energy that the dark dwarf glows can form when WIMPs impact in the middle of it. There is also another explanation for how dark matter can cause the dark dwarf glow. The idea is that a dark dwarf can turn hypothetical axion particles into the same position. In that model, the axions are fast-spinning particles that are like sticks. 

Those sticks will turn their head to the dark dwarves. And then they harness energy and aim it into the dark dwarf nucleus. This could be possible if the star is in a very stable position outside the galaxy. Even a low mass object can cause large-scale effects, because there is no interference around it. That effect can pull the stick-shaped particles into the standing position.

 Or the gravitational effect can pull dark matter into the nucleus of the dark dwarf. Those particles impact and turn, or release the wave movement. The third way can be connected to the black hole. When a dark dwarf is near a supermassive or smaller black hole, that black hole pulls energy and dark matter into it. A dark dwarf can pull a small amount of dark matter to whirl around it. Then those dark matter particles collide with the particles that travel to the black hole. That causes energy impulses. That raises those objects' temperatures. If dark dwarves really can erase dark matter and turn it into visible energy, that thing can rewrite the fate of the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/these-strange-stars-could-reveal-the-true-nature-of-dark-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-engine-is-changing-desi-hints-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy could be something incredible.

 Dark energy could be something incredible. 

"The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is mounted on the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory—a program of NSF NOIRLab—in Arizona. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. Tafreshi" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Engine Is Changing: DESI Hints Dark Energy Isn’t What We Thought)

Can black holes be the source of dark energy? 

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, uncovers dark energy, and those observations reveal that dark energy can be something nobody expected. DESI’s observations suggest that black holes may be a source of dark energy. That means, there is a structure near the event horizon or in some energy fields near the black hole that transforms material or wave movement into dark energy. Dark energy could form when some structure pushes energy fields. Like some kind of rotating propeller. Or, we can say that the structure in the black hole or its environment just changes the wavelength of the radiation or visible energy so short that we cannot see that wavelength. Black holes are bright gamma- and X-ray objects. 

There is a possibility that this bright high-energy radiation covers dark energy below it. The main question in this transformation model is simple. What is the wavelength that turns into dark energy? Does dark energy form when spinning structures interact with gamma-rays?  Gamma-rays have the highest known energy level and the shortest known wavelength. So, can that interaction, with gravitation radiation, transform high-energy radiation into dark energy? 

This model suggests that when high-power gravitational waves come out from the black hole. It changes  the energy fields near the black hole. So, what are gravity waves? They are like energy potholes in the universe. They can form in situations when some shortwave wave movement travels against energy fields. That shortwave radiation pulls energy out from those fields, forming a ditch that pulls particles and other objects to the gravity center. That radiation or wave movement causes changes in the wavelengths of other radiation. 

If black holes are the dark energy sources, that would be a more fundamental observation. Than nobody expected. Dark energy forms when some structure in the black hole pushes fields that fall into the gravitational center. A black hole's spinning binds energy into it. But the expansion of the universe causes a situation. Where that black hole loses its mass all the time. Laws of physics determine that energy cannot just vanish. It can turn into materia. And matter can turn into energy. That means the source of the dark energy can be in the black hole’s evaporation. When a black hole turns into radiation. That means it turns its mass into energy. 

Could there be two versions of gravity? 

1) Gravity that forms when a particle vaporizes or turns into wave movement. That vaporization or reaction where matter turns into energy or wave movement pulls energy to that particle. The evaporation makes an object a gravity center, which pulls particles into it. When a particle or any object, including a black hole, sends a wave movement, it releases energy, or wave movement. And that wave movement binds energy from other energy fields. 

2) Another version of gravity can happen when fast-spinning black holes pull energy to the event horizon and near it. That energy travels to the spin axle, there it travels through the space. This thing means that the gravity center acts like a giant thermal pump. And if we think that the energy waves that travel in a relativistic jet are the string-shaped structure, those strings can bind energy from around them. That can mean that dark matter beams can be the source of dark matter, the mysterious gravity effect. 

So can fast-moving thin energy fields, or energy waves, be the source for dark matter? That means when an energy beam travels in the universe very fast, it binds energy into itself. Or the string binds energy into its head. Then energy travels back in that string and pushes fields away from it. But first, that string’s energy level must turn so high that it can make that thing. 

That model can explain why a long energy string, or a superstring, can be hot and cold at the same time. When a superstring collects energy into it, and if its speed is high enough, that can form an effect where energy travels out from the string from its back. So the string itself is not visible. But the energy field that it packs around it glows. And if that string can move energy in some direction in an extremely short-wave form, that means that the string packs energy from around it and turns its wavelength. When energy travels around those fast-moving strings, it forms a situation that looks like gravity.  

Can the dark energy source be in the hypothetical dark matter particles interaction. Dark matter particles like weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, and axions are hypothetical particles. There is a possibility that fast-spinning particles can turn into string-shaped structures. So, the fast spin movement stretches those particles into the shape that seems like a superstring. 

Another explanation for dark energy is that. Hypothetical dark matter particles. Or impacting gravitational waves, can form dark energy. Near black hole conditions are extreme. That means if there are dark matter particles or wave movement impacts. And maybe those impacting waves can form a wave movement that we cannot see. But the most exciting versions of those theories suggest that dark energy can form in gravitons. Those still hypothetical gravitational transpoting particles could be so-called quantum-size singularities or quantum-size black holes. 

The model goes like this. Those particles will not actually form dark energy. They just transform other energy forms. Or wavelength, into dark energy. This happens when a particle affects a fundamental force’s wavelength. We know four fundamental forces. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. Today, we call those four fundamental forces “fundamental interactions”. Every single fundamental interaction has a unique wavelength. 

That wavelength depends on the size of its transportation particle, called bosons. Energy cannot form from nowhere, but it can change its form. When energy changes its form, that means its wavelength changes. So, theoretically is possible to transform gravity waves into electromagnetic energy. But the problem is this: we don’t have tensors that can make this thing. 

That means that. The graviton simply moves wave motion to another place. So the gravity center acts like a thermal pump. The idea is that the energy travels. To the spin axle of the graviton. There, it moves out from the particle as a very thin energy string. And if gravitons form black holes, that means black hole transports energy to their poles. And then sends that energy as a string or a thin energy beam into the space. So when that happens, the reaction can look like gravitation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-engine-is-changing-desi-hints-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter.

    Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. 

"Mysterious “dark dwarfs” may glow eternally by burning invisible dark matter — and spotting them could finally crack one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com"(ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

Astronomers may have discovered a whole new type of star — mysterious “dark dwarfs” that could glow forever by feeding on dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up most of the universe. Unlike ordinary stars that burn nuclear fuel, these strange objects might be powered by annihilating dark matter particles, creating an eternal source of light. (ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

In some hypotheses, Dark matter particle collisions are a dark energy sources. The gravitational center can collect those particles, but the object must have a certain density so that it can bind that dark energy. Another version is that the energy density in dark energy must be high enough. It can interact with visible material. Dark matter has a gravitational interaction. With visible matter. That means the gravity center can collect dark matter into them. And that can make those objects shine. 

And if dark dwarfs or dark stars annihilate dark matter, that means they form dark energy. Or change dark matter particles, hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, WIMPs, or axions into dark energy. 

Dark Dwarfs are hypothetical forms of brown dwarfs. That kind of object can pull dark matter inside it. And start to get its energy from hypothetical dark matter particle impacts. There is a possibility that dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. And if those things exist, they can be the eternal glow in the universe. But could those dark dwarves exist forever? That depends on one thing: does dark matter exist, depending on the visible matter, and visible particles? Or is dark matter formed in some independent process? 

Dark dwarfs are things that can form from brown dwarfs. Those brown dwarfs can pull dark matter particles into their core. All known gravitational centers can pull dark matter inside them. But how dense the object must be that it can start to glow because of dark energy. Hypothetical dark matter particles can form dark energy. When they collide with each other. The object must be very dense so that it can harness dark energy. 

Or could dark matter exist even before the visible matter formed in the event, or series of events, called the Big Bang? If dark matter formed in the Big Bang, that means its existence depends on the visible universe. But then, if we think about those hypothetical dark dwarfs, we face a situation where the small brown dwarf can start to pull dark matter particles, hypothetical axions, or WIMPS into its core. There, those WIMPs or axions interact with other WIMPs and axions. 

That causes annihilation or some kind of fusion between those particles. And then that makes those dark dwarves shine. Another question is this: can the dark matter annihilation form dark energy, or could the product of that reaction be the visible energy? That means dark matter fusion. or annihilation or WIMP impacts form dark energy. But then. We can think about cases like black holes. Near black holes, the dark energy density can be high enough. It can start interacting with visible particles or wave movement. 

And maybe dark energy and dark matter give at least part of the black hole’s energy. There is one way to transform dark energy into visible energy, and that method is to create a dark energy soliton. The dark energy soliton would be like all other solitons. It packs wave movement. Into one point. That increases the wave movement energy level and, in the same way, raises the wave height. And that means the dark energy solitons can also interact with their environment. Could some dark matter particles be some kind of solitons?  That explains why we cannot see those objects. 

https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2025/07/mysterious-dark-dwarfs-may-be-hiding-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

https://scitechdaily.com/these-stars-dont-burn-they-annihilate-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy mystery: is it just a remnant from the Big Bang?

"By mapping out the three-dimensional positions of galaxies over a large volume of the Universe, scientists within the DESI collaboration have uncovered some (but not overwhelming) suggestive evidence that the strength of dark energy has weakened (and is weakening) over time. Using the feature of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) may be the method of investigation that finally breaks the Standard Model of cosmology, but the picture with constant dark matter and dark energy still remains strong." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Is dark energy just leftover momentum from the Big Bang?)

If the Big Bang was some kind of series of events. That can explain the dark energy. Dark energy is wave movement whose wavelength and source are unknown. There are multiple theories about the origin of this thing. One of them is that the dark energy is the leftover momentum of the Big Bang. Some other people think that its source is in another universe. 

But that's not the only theory. Researchers made to explain the most dominating effect in the universe. 

Sometimes. Some researchers think that dark energy forms when the universe and its particles spin. If the entire universe spins there is the possibility that the spin of the most out layer in the universe sends energy out from the universe. 

When the energy level in the universe decreases that releases wave movement that is stored in the particles. If we think that there is a so-called Higgs field or base energy field in the universe and the universe's spin speed increases that thing causes an effect that the universe requires some kind of energy source. That energy source can be in the black holes that release energy when the energy level in the universe decreases. Material is one energy form. It's packed wave movement. In the same way, things like superstrings and all materials release energy when their speed decreases. 

There are theories. The particles that form in the cosmic voids can explain the dark energy. When a particle travels in the cosmic voids it can cross a similar particle's maximum speed. So when a photon travels in a cosmic void it travels faster than outside the void. That means when particles come out from the cosmic void, they must release their kinetic energy. Same way wave movement travels faster in the cosmic void. And when the wave movement impacts material that thing releases energy. Same way there are models. High-energy particle impacts like impacting neutrinos are behind dark energy. 

If we think about wormhole theories the wormhole is the tiny tornado that crosses the universe. There are models that the wormhole is actually the superstring. That means the structure is like a tiny energy tornado that seals energy. And maybe the superstrings or wormholes are behind that mysterious effect. When superstrings or tiny energy tornadoes spin they send energy waves into the the Higgs field. That hypothetical wave movement is like thunder in the universe. 

In one model dark energy forms. When particle or wave movement comes out from the wormholes. 

That means that when material comes out from the wormhole it causes energy impulse into the universe. The wormhole brings energy straight from the past to the present. And that can explain the dark energy. But that requires the existence of the wormhole. The energy tornado can be the shortcut to the future. 

When a particle slides through that energy channel that thing locks energy in it. Then that thing comes out from that energy tornado it releases that extra energy. But nobody knows for sure. Dark energy remains a mystery. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-energy-leftover-momentum-big-bang/

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

 Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

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Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

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Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

 The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

Does dark matter play a bigger role in gravitation than we thought? Is it possible that gravitation does not interact straight with visible material? In some models, gravitation interacts with dark matter. And dark matter acts medium between gravitation and visible material. 

So could dark matter be the lost fifth fundamental force? Or could dark matter be close to that fifth force? If that model is true the fifth force could be interaction between dark matter particles. 

So the model of the gravitational interaction goes like this. 

Gravitation>>>Dark matter>>>Visible materia. 

And the fifth force could be the interaction between dark matter particles. 

This is one question that MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) can answer. Is it possible that dark matter is the thing that pulls particles into the gravitational center? The idea is not very common, but there is a possibility that gravitation doesn't interact directly with matter. The idea is that dark matter acts as a medium. Gravitation affects dark matter that starts to flow through the visible material. And then that dark matter pulls the visible particles into the gravitational centers.

"Artist’s concept of a collection of pulsars that detect gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Evidence That Earth Is Enveloped in Slow-Rolling Sea of Gravitational Waves)

If WIMPs were born in a higher-energy universe, which means before visible matter, time would move differently in those hypothetical particles.

The idea is that WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are very small particles that extremely large quantum fields surround. There are lots of Wimps, and they form a flow that pulls larger particles with them. We know that there is also dark matter on Earth, but because we cannot see those particles or anything else about that strange gravitational effect, we cannot calculate the mass of visible material on Earth.

If WIMPs are real particles, they could look similar to visible particles, but their shape or size is different from visible material. And one of the reasons for that could be that WIMPs were released at a different moment during the Big Bang than visible material. And if those hypothetical WIMPs formed at a moment when the energy level was higher, that means they formed before visible matter. That means time is different in WIMPs, or they exist at a different time than visible matter.

The black holes are gravitational centers. But Earth is also one of those gravitational centers. It's possible that in the middle of Earth is the point where dark matter particles, or WIMPs, are impacting. There is a possibility that the dark matter impacts also form gravitational waves near Earth. That means there are always gravitational waves around gravitational centers. But around Earth, they are much weaker than around the Sun or black holes.

There is the model that Earth is in the center of slow gravitational waves. And the source of those gravitational waves could be dark matter particles impacting in the middle of the Earth's nucleus. 

Could those colliding dark matter particles or gravitons the hypothetical gravitational transportation particles cause a situation in that gravitation is gone at that point? We know that inside all ball-shaped objects is the point where is no gravitation. The thing that causes this thing could be impacting dark matter particles or gravitons. 

Is it possible that Newton's and Einstein's gravitational models are suitable only in extremely strong gravitational fields? That means we cannot make working gravitational models by using regular objects. Only extreme cases where black holes are turning gravitation-dominating can make Einstein's and Newton's models true. 

Near black holes, gravitation closes other forces inside them. The gravitation presses time and space. connecting all fundamental forces into one entirety.  So standard gravitational models like the Theory of Relativity cannot be used to model weak gravitational fields. And that opens the path to MOND. And that forces us to rethink the gravitational effect.

Gravitation breaks at low acceleration And that supports MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). That forces us to reconsider dark matter and gravitation. In those tests, researchers measured gravitational effects on regular binary stars. And they saw that at low accelerations, gravitation doesn't follow the model that Newton and Einstein calculated. That means there is something that forces us to think about gravitation again.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66407099.amp

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/binary-stars-prove-modified-gravity/

https://www.livescience.com/dark-matter-may-cause-milky-way-to-glow.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html

https://scitechdaily.com/conclusive-evidence-for-modified-gravity-collapse-of-newtons-and-einsteins-theories-in-low-acceleration/

https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-that-earth-is-enveloped-in-slow-rolling-sea-of-gravitational-waves/

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/10/subatomic-particle-muon-science-research-fifth-force-nature/

https://www.universetoday.com/41878/wimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

Could dark energy be the pushing and dark matter pulling gravitational effect?

The dark interaction and antigravitation. 

The standing gravitation wave that makes impacting gravitational waves reflect can be the key to antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect. 

Are dark matter and dark energy two-way interactions of gravitation? So could dark energy be antigravitation and dark matter be gravitation in the form we know it? If that thing is true that means gravitation has similar two-way interaction. 

All other fundamental forces have two-way interaction and they push and pull particles. So why the dark energy cannot be the hypothetical antigravitation or pushing gravitation? And dark matter could be the regular pulling gravitation. 

*Dark energy is energy that rips the universe into pieces. 

*Dark matter is the mysterious gravitational effect that keeps dwarf galaxies in one structure. Nobody has seen dark matter. And the only known interaction between dark matter and visible matter is gravitation. 

*So the name of the dark matter should be dark gravitation. Nobody even knows if dark matter existed. 

*Or could the reason for that unknown effect be the virtual particles? And one virtual particle type is a standing gravitational wave. 

*If a standing gravitational wave is possible, that thing could make antigravitation possible. 

*The idea is that the energy level of that standing gravitational wave is higher than impacting gravitational waves that cause gravitational reflection. 

*And maybe that thing makes antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect possible. 

*So, could dark energy and dark matter be antigravitation and gravitation? 

Dark energy is a strange force that rips the universe into pieces. And dark matter is the gravitational effect that pushes particles away from each other. Dark energy and dark matter are forming a thing that we can call "dark interaction". 

So dark energy is pushing. And dark matter or dark gravitation is pulling particles together. Does that mean there is a question are they part of the same force? In some of the most fundamental speculations, dark energy and dark matter is the gravitation that is turned upside down. Is it possible? Can gravitation turn its mirror effect? 

Gravitation is radiation or wave motion. So gravitation can put travel to focus like all other radiation. And there is a possibility that while the gravitation travels across that focus. They are turning to their mirror waves. And that thing makes it possible that somewhere in the universe the gravitational effect turns to the opposite. 

There is a possibility. That some kind of gravitational loop or gravitational lensing is turning the gravitation to its mirror effect. In that kind of theoretical situation, coherent gravitational waves are traveling through the gravitational lens. And that lens forms the focus where gravitational waves are turning to the opposite. But could that effect cause that gravitation turns to its opposite force? 

While gravitational waves are traveling in space they will turn very weak. And if another side of the gravitational wave is at a higher energy level. That thing means that the gravitational wave can turn upside down. 

When quantum entanglement breaks. And the particles are starting to travel in different directions. We are always forgetting to explain how that thing happens. Before quantum entanglement is formed the particles must take superposition. That means that two elementary particles start to oscillate with the same frequency. 

Then if the energy level of those particles is different. There is forming an energy bridge between them. When the energy level of those particles is turning to the same level that pushes those particles away. 

When the quantum entanglement reaches energy stability. That breaks the structure. Wave motion that source is in both particles impacting in that energy channel it forms the virtual particle or energy bubble. And then the energy that reflects from that virtual particle pushes those particles at both ends of the quantum entanglement away. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Wormholes could explain dark energy and dark matter.

When we think that the hypothetical graviton particle is a quantum size black hole. That thing can also explain dark energy and dark matter. If a mysterious and still hypothetical graviton particle is a quantum-size black hole that quantum-size black hole is acting like all other black holes. 

The time is inverse also in the quantum-size black holes. And that thing could pull superstrings inside it. So the quantum size black hole will transfer superstrings to the point in spacetime, where it formed. And that thing can explain why we cannot see dark matter. 

*If graviton is the quantum-size black hole. That can explain dark energy and dark matter. 

*Quantum-size black holes are similar to regular black holes. They are time loops. 

When escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light. Time starts to run backward. And black hole brings the material to the point, where it was born. 

*The dark energy could be like Hawking radiation. In that case, quantum-size black holes send (Hawking) radiation. That has a different wavelength than Hawking radiation. That comes out from regular black holes. 

*And dark matter is material that travels in wormholes. 

If dark matter is material that travels in the wormholes and the black hole is the wormhole itself. That thing can explain why we cannot see dark matter or dark energy. 

The black hole is a time loop. 

When escaping velocity is the same as the speed of light time stops. And when escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light. Time turns to run backward. 

So black hole takes the material to the point in spacetime where it is formed. When the material is in a wormhole or a black hole. It cannot interact straight. But black holes can send Hawking Radiation, which means. 

That there is interaction also outwards from the singularity. And that thing causes one question. Is the dark energy some kind of Hawking radiation? There is the possibility that a quantum-size black hole is sending (Hawking) radiation that has a different wavelength than regular-size black holes. 

String theory explains material is formed of 2D superstrings that can explain dark energy and maybe dark matter. Maybe superstrings are the thing called "information". And that tells that superstrings have mass. The mass of the superstrings is minimal. 

A large number of those things can explain dark energy and dark matter. If the form of all particles is a yarn ball that is formed of flat superstrings that explains why those superstrings are so hard to detect. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/wormholes-may-already-have-been-detected-physicists-say

https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/wormhole-travel-possible

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Pauli Exclusion Principle. And the universe's existence.

Could Pauli's Exclusion Principle explain dark energy? Could that wave motion be the interaction of identical particles? There should be no identical fermions in the entire universe. But when particles are reaching the minimum energy level they cannot transform anymore. 

Pauli's Exclusion Principle means that there are no two identical fermions in the same quantum system. And the universe is one quantum system. We are part of that quantum system. 

But there is one place where two fermions can turn identical. That place is the minimum energy level. And if some electrons reach the absolute minimum energy level of the system. They turn identical. That causes the effect where those electrons push each other away from the system. 

Or otherwise thinking the superstrings can form a similar interaction as fermions or every other particle in the world. And there is a possibility that if there are superstrings at minimum energy level those superstrings are starting to repel each other. 

What happens if all particles in the universe reach the same energy level? That thing destroys the entire universe. The reason for that is that when two particles are closing the same energy level they start to repel each other. 

In cosmic inflation, space expands in comparison to the material. That means the particle's energy levels or quantum states are closing each other and particles are turning much more like each other. And that thing means that the particles are pushing themselves away from each other. 

When two electrons or some other similar fermions like quarks reach the minimum energy level of the system they will become identical. And that means the wave motion of those particles pushes them away. 

The same thing happens when the quantum entanglement's energy level turns stable. When the energy level of the quantum entanglement turns stable. That thing forms wave motion that pushes the particles away from each other. 

The reason for that is that when the wave motions of the particles are impacting they form standing wave motion. And sooner or later the energy level of standing wave motion turns higher than outcoming wave motion. So the reflection from that virtual particle pushes those particles away from each other. 

And the question is could the dark energy be the interaction of the particles that are in the minimum energy level? When two electrons are reaching the minimum energy level they turn identical. And then the wave motion that leaves from those particles would push them away. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that there are no similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means as an example electrons must have different energy levels. And there are not two identical fermions in the entire universe. 

That thing is one of the base principles that are keeping quantum systems as one entirety. If there would be identical fermions or two similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means they have absolutely the same energy level they would form wave motion that has the same wavelength, height, and frequency. When that wave impacts another similar wave. 

That causes the standing wave. That thing would push all particles away from each other. That means two similar particles would destroy the entire system. Quantum entanglement will be broken when two particles have the same energy level. Or actually, the quantum entanglement will be broken when the energy level of superpositioned and entangled particles are closing each other. 

That means when the wave motion that is leaving from those particles is sliding to an identical form. They are starting to push particles away from each other. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that some fermions are at higher energy levels than others. And that thing leaves energy space to flow from the higher energy particles to lower energy particles. 

When those particles' energy levels are closing each other that causes the quantum states of particles are closing each other. And that thing means that the particles are turning closer to each other that thing causes the wave motion that pushes particles away from each other. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

Could the dark energy be the result of a vacuum around the universe?

In some wild theories. Dark energy or dark wave motion forms when the tachyon hits this dimension. Dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. 

Sometimes the source of dark energy is explained as when the quarks inside the protons or neutrons are oscillating they send wave motion. The reason for that oscillation is gluons. 

Gluons are traveling between quarks. Whenever gluon hits the quark it takes energy from it. And when a gluon that transports the strong nuclear force travels between quarks it releases its energy. 

And there is some yet unknown particle that locates between gluon and quark. When a gluon that travels between quarks impacts that yet-unknown particle. It sends radiation that wavelength is the same as that yet unknown particle. 

Is this the idea of Gran Unified Theory (GUT)?

But why strong nuclear force is so strong? The area where that strong nuclear interaction effect is very small if we are comparing it with gravitation or electromagnetism. And the idea of the GUT is this. The diameter of the affected area determines the name of the force. 

So the idea of the GUT is that every four fundamental forces, gravitation, electromagnetism, weak- and strong nuclear forces are the same force. 

A strong nuclear interaction is an interaction between gluon and quark. There is a possibility that this interaction happens when the superstrings are starting to travel between quark and gluon. When one superstring is turning to spiral and forms a quantum tornado. That effect will pull another superstring inside it.

 Then that quantum spiral starts to input energy to the quantum string that is inside the quantum spiral. That system works like a laser and the radiation that comes ends of the internal super- or quantum string pushes the particles away from the ends of that quantum channel. And that thing is the form of dark energy. 

Tachyon is the hypothetical faster-than-light particle that would not be possible in our universe. But outside the universe where nothing can slow particles, the tachyon could exist. The reason for that is simple. nothing can travel faster than light in our universe. In our universe quantum fields are slowing the speed of all particles. 

But outside our universe is no quantum fields. That means there could be tachyons. So are tachyons particles that source outside the universe? When that kind of particle hits the quantum field. It releases its energy as wave motion.  That interaction transforms the tachyon to some other particle immediately. 

So if the tachyon comes outside the universe and hits this plasma ball it sends radiation. And there is the possibility that tachyons are ordinary particles that are hitting our universe from outside it. When we are thinking of conditions that those hypothetical particles are facing when they hit our universe from outside it they are traveling faster than any particle in the universe. Gravitation accelerates them. And when they hit the plasma and quantum fields. They send radiation because their speed is too high for our universe. And that idea is that the particles that origin is outside our universe are tachyons. 

Anyway, even if tachyons existed. Their existence rests in an extremely short moment. And if tachyons are dark energy and dark matter that explains why we cannot measure those things. When tachyon comes to our universe it will immediately turn into a Higgs boson or some yet unknown particle. So that tachyon would send radiation when it turns to som another particle. And could that thing explain why the source of dark energy is unknown? If tachyon existed. Its lifetime is shorter than Higgs boson's lifetime. 

There are three places where we could find those hypothetical tachyon particles. 

1) Outside the Universe

2) Near Black Holes

3) In Boötes Void. 

In that great nothing, every particle travels faster than outside it. So when that hyper-speed particle hits the outer edge of the Boötes void that thing sends radiation. And that radiation pushes particles away from each other. So that kinds of areas can cause cosmic inflation or expansion of the universe. 

When tachyons hit the quantum field they change their form immediately, because they release energy quantum. And that makes it very hard to detect them. The theory goes like this: When a tachyon hits the quantum field, it releases its kinetic energy to that quantum field. That energy impulse covers other tachyons behind it. 

And even if tachyon existed, that particle is a very small and short-living thing. So there is the possibility. That tachyon sends radiation that wave motion is unique. And that radiation is dark energy. The gravitational effect of tachyons is dark matter But confirming this thing, is extremely difficult. And that means the tachyon can remain a theoretical particle. 

The idea of this thought is simple. Because the universe expands the energy travels from it. To the vacuum that is around it. The reason for that is that energy in the universe is higher than in the vacuum around it. And the quantum system is always attempting to reach the minimum energy level. The universe is the largest known quantum system. But there is a vacuum around it. 

And that thing causes that energy flows to that vacuum. The vaporization of material causes the energy level in the universe to rise in comparison to the material. The vaporization means that the material turns to wave motion or superstrings. So superstrings are extremely thin bites of the wave motion. 

There is a possibility that dark energy is a virtual force. That thing forms when at the edge of the universe is nothing that limits the speed of particles and light. In this text "edge of the universe" means the most out plasma the Big Bang released. And outside our universe is no quantum fields and the material is extremely sparse. In that area where the universe impacts with great nothingness material and light travel faster than anywhere else. Otherwise, the gravitation of the universe slows those particles. 

When those particles and superstrings are traveling away from the universe gravitation affects those objects. When giant galaxies are in a straight line with each other. That slows the speed of superstrings and particles. When that thing happens those things are releasing their kinetic energy as the wave motion. 

The thing with gravitation is that it's not stable in the universe. When super-heavy objects are in line gravitation is stronger. And that slowing the speed causes energy impulses. When some particle sends wave motion it sends a little bit of its mass. But the wave motion that the particle sends pushes quantum fields around the particle away. And then another quantum field must fill that thing. 

In another version, the extremely fast particles and wave motion cause an effect that there is some kind of vacuum behind them. If there is a small electromagnetic or quantum tunnel behind particles or superstrings that electromagnetic tunnel will fill by quantum fields. 

When that thing happens those fields impact each other. That thing forms virtual particles. Virtual particles act like real particles. And that could explain why we cannot see dark matter. In that theory, dark matter is the strong quantum field that acts like visible material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Can the dark energy be the reflection from the edge of the material ball called the universe?

The source of dark energy is unknown. There is the possibility that dark energy is reflection radiation that comes from the edge of the material that forms the universe. In this text, the material that is forming the universe is called the universe. And the space where that material is is the space. So the universe is a giant plasma ball where are galaxies and stars.

There is the possibility that dark energy is the reflected radiation that comes from the most out layer of that system. When that energy impacts that plasma it travels between those plasma particles. And then it starts to flow back into the universe. That thing makes the energy level of the universe higher than it should be. 

When did that reflection happen? And, does it happen all the time is a mystery. But the idea is that the dark energy reflects from something and that forms a similar effect to the mirror box that surrounds the candle. That thing reflects the energy inside the universe. And the reason why there is too much energy in our universe is that it reflects. In some other explanations, other universes are the source of that energy. 

There is no edge of space, where the universe is. But there is the most out edge of the material. When the Big Bang send a shockwave across space there was a total vacuum. Nothing limited the speed of that shockwave. Except for one thing gravitation. The gravitation slows the speed of that first shockwave. And then the incoming radiation reached that shockwave. Behind that shockwave, the superstrings followed it.

And then the incoming electromagnetic radiation reached that bubble. The form of that bubble could be electromagnetic wave motion or a giant group of superstrings or some kind of plate of quarks and gluons. That bubble sends wave motion also to the inside of the universe. That wave motion united in the focus of the center of the universe.

 So if the point where the Big Bang happened was some kind of black hole. That thing causes the increase of the energy level in the middle of that black hole. And there is the possibility that the black hole detonated. If there is radiation that travels to the most out plasma of the universe. That thing causes the reflection where all radiation impacts the same point in the middle of the universe. 

Why do some researchers believe that a black hole is in the middle of the universe?  The reason for that is that all galaxies in the universe seem to travel in the same direction. That thing is called cosmic fluid. But confirmation of the existence of that hypothetical black hole requires that researchers can detect the gamma-ray pillars of that object. And that thing is not seen yet. 

So if the hypothesis of the giant black hole or mass center in the middle of the universe is true that thing causes energy flow to the plasma. That should surround the most distant galaxies. And then energy flows across the entire plasma ball. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

There are very odd dark matter halos in the just-found ultra-diffuse galaxies.

The Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDG:s) or extreme low luminosity galaxies are places where are two extremities of the dark matter should exist. So there are cold and hot dark matter if those things are real. Those galaxies are very old star cluster formations. And UDG:s are full of neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs. 

The material density of those galaxies is less than 1% of the Milky Way. But their mass can be the same as regular galaxies. That means most of the material that is inside those galaxies is in invisible form. Of course, lots of materials that are in those galaxies are in black holes and other objects that are not producing energy. 

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Dark matter means gravitational effect. That is the second dominating thing in the universe. But the thing that is forming that effect is invisible. 

Dark matter is the gravitational effect that is one of the most mysterious things in the universe. There are a couple of theories. That is making possible why researchers cannot see that mysterious thing. 

1) Dark matter is a virtual particle. That forms when gravitational waves are impacting. So the standing gravitational waves can make it possible that the gravitation would have a similar effect on the material. 

2) If dark matter is not self-gravitating that thing can turn dark energy to gravitation. In that model, the dark matter forms a whirl of dark energy that acts like gravitation. 

The reason, why some researchers believe that dark matter is not self-gravitating is that UDG:s are spiral-shaped structures. So there is a fascinating model that dark matter is the thing that forms dark energy in a tornado. And that quantum tornado will pull particles. 

When that kind of quantum tornado forms. Energy travels from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. That thing acts like a vacuum that pulls wave motion inside it. And then the object starts to ride with that wave motion. In that case, dark matter is the spontaneous quantum tornado that acts like real particles. 

There is mentioned that if dark matter is self-gravitating those UDG:s should be ball-shaped. So dark matter should also pull visible material in that extremely thin plasma to ball-size form.  

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Image 2) NGC 1052-DF2, an ultra diffuse galaxy. (Wikipedia)

A large part of the material is stored in black holes and neutron stars. 

If there are black holes in the UDG, that black holes will not send as powerful  X- and gamma rays as black holes that are in the Milky Way. Because UDG:s  is less material that can fall in those black holes. 

The fact is that in UDG:s there is the possibility to see the shadow of the halo of dark matter. And the thing that makes UDG:s very interesting is that they are not ball-shaped objects. 

But there is the possibility that the ball of dark matter that surrounds those galaxies pulls them to disk. In this model, UDG is in the equator of the invisible ball of dark matter. And gravitation pulls that disk from both sides. That symmetric gravitation effect turns the visible material of ultra-diffuse galaxy to disk-shaped. 

So there is a possibility that at least another type of dark matter is not self-gravitating. There is the possibility that the dark matter is the gravitational effect is virtual particles. If standing gravitational waves are possible. 

That explains why we cannot see dark matter. In that model impacting gravitational waves form standing wave motion or standing gravitational waves. Those short-living gravitational centers could explain why we cannot see dark matter. But if dark matter doesn't create its gravitational effect itself, that thing means that this thing can turn dark energy into gravitational waves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Dark energy rips the universe into pieces.

Multiverse: again.

The multiverse can explain why there is too much energy in our universe. That energy rips the universe into pieces. Is multiverse theory or religion? The fact is that multiverse is rather a philosophical dilemma or tool than real scientific theory. It's a tool used to model, why there is so difficult to exchange information between two dominating extremely complex quantum systems. 

When we think of the universe as a complex quantum system, we should say that universe is the complicated sum of multiple internally positioned extremely complicated quantum systems. And most of that system is invisible to us.

There is the possibility that there is another universe inside our universe. In some theories, dark matter can form glimpses and even planets. But there is one problem with that theory. 

We have no confirmed contacts or observations about the dark matter. It's the possibility that in Muon G-2 tests the anomaly in the muon's trajectory caused an impact with an unknown particle. 

So could dark matter be those "unknown particles"? Nobody knows that. We have only the gravitational effect that we call dark matter. 

Dark matter and dark energy are the missing parts. And that means we can see only a small part of that system. Only less than five percent of the universe is formed of atoms. 

The expansion of the universe cause also problems for the calculations. Cosmic inflation means that the distance between particles is increasing. And that thing increases the effect of dark energy. The source of dark energy is unknown. 

Sometimes that energy is introduced being gravitational effect or scattering gravitational waves. But could gravitational waves scatter or reflect? When gravitational waves are crossing each other. That can cause they can break into pieces and reflect other gravitational waves. 

We don't know gravitational reflection. But theoretically, it's possible. Gravitation is wave motion like all other wave motions. And that means it should reflect like light. But there is no evidence about reflecting gravitational waves. The reflection of gravitational waves makes it possible to create anti-gravitation. 

And theoretically, it is possible to create a form called gravitational stealth. In gravitational stealth, the gravitational waves slide over the surface without affecting it. 

Relations of material and energy in the young universe and modern universe. "Estimated division of total energy in the universe into the matter, dark matter, and dark energy based on five years of WMAP data". (Wikipedia: Dark energy.) Image: Wikipedia: Dark energy.

In stealth planes in which stealth technology bases the soft curves radio waves slide across the surface without causing a reflection. So in those planes, the radiowaves are traveling over the target that denies the radar echo. And maybe that thing is possible to create also for gravitational waves. 

There are theories that dark energy is formed in particles. That existed just after the Big Bang. But if dark energy is radiation or wave motion that travels with the speed of light. That means that it should travel at the front of our universe. So could dark energy be the cloud of gravitons that are traveling at the front of our known universe? In that model, the Big Bang released a large number of gravitons before the quark-gluon plasma formed. 

There is the possibility that dark energy is the cross-pulling gravitational effect that the source is outside the universe. But proving that thing is at least challenging. Our universe is the remnant of a high-energy event called the Big Bang. Even if other universes: remnants of other Big Bangs exist there is the possibility that we ever see them. 

There is the possibility that around the universe where we are living is a standing gravitational wave that denies the gravitation of other universes reaching our universe. And because our universe is dominating the radiation that comes from objects in our universe covers the other universes. So that means we cannot see those universes. We cannot prove their existence. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Are black holes that could transport information from the future to the past the source of dark energy?

 

There is the possibility that there are many sources of dark energy. And one of them could be the black holes that transport energy from the end of the universe to the Big Bang. 

One version of the theories of dark energy is that the energy level of the Big Bang was higher than researchers expected. And one of the reasons was that the black holes are time loops that take the material to the point of spacetime where black holes formed. 

So black holes' structure would be like a cosmic hurricane. And if we think that the black hole itself is the tube that transports material from the past the length of that tube determines the energy level of the material. So there is the possibility that some part of the energy that formed the Big Bang came from the future. And that thing can explain why there is too much energy in the universe. 

The thing that supports this theory is time dilation. When the escaping velocity crosses the speed of light time starts to move backward. And material should travel to the point where the black hole formed. The thing is that while traveling through that gravitational tornado material releases its energy. One of the reasons for that is that the black hole itself is an extremely "cold object". No material can interact straight with the other material. And almost all interaction between material inside the black hole and outside happens through the gravitational and photonic whirl. That whirl forms a transition disk around that object. 

That interaction rises the temperature or energy level of that material, causing a situation where a black hole brings little information from the past to the present. Image 2 is a diagram of a tropical hurricane. But also black holes are forming whirling around them. So that same diagram can use to introduce the energy flow in and around the black hole.  

Image 2:) Could the structure of the black hole look like a tropical hurricane? In the case, where this image portrays the black hole, it would be upside down. The past would be the upside and the present at the down of the storm's diagram.  

The shape or form of those phenomena could be the same. But in the case of black holes, the power of the whirl is more powerful. And there is also a photon ring that orbits the black hole. So the form of the tropic storm is similar to black holes. Except black hole is a more powerful phenomenon. In the image, the beginning of the black hole would be up and the present would be down. 

Black hole forms when the supernova's shockwave creates an electromagnetic vacuum, and then that electromagnetic vacuum pulls the wave motion and particles to the entirety called the singularity. In that vacuum, those particles' speed rises so high that they melt together in the form called a singularity. Or in some other cases, the gravitation simply crushes the entire star into the black hole. Which one is the origin of each black hole depends is there some debris or other remnants around the black hole? 

Could the form of black holes explain the dark energy? There is the possibility that the tropic hurricane can be a similar, but much weaker phenomenon than the black hole. In the model where the black hole is the time loop that takes information to the point in spacetime where it formed could hide the secret of the dark energy. 

If information flows in a black hole by following a similar formula as the tropic storm. The black hole is the wormhole through time. That wormhole is like a pillar that collects energy from its journey. And then that means if there is a black hole. That exists in the beginning and at the end of the universe. 

It collects energy from the beginning to the end of the universe. That means the energy level of the particles that are traveling through the black hole depends on the time that the black hole exists. So long-living black holes are transporting more energy to the past than short living version. And we can say that supernovas were at a too high or higher energy level in the past than researchers calculated. 

When information falls into the black hole it falls into the past. But as we know that information or superstrings that are the thing that moves in wave motion will get energy from that falling material. So the black hole is like the eye of the storm. All material and information fall in that gravitational tornado. And then the particles around that whirl are jumping to an extremely high energy level. 

There is the possibility, that the particles that fall through the black hole are coming out from the supernova that formed the black hole. There is the possibility that the energy level of some particles is turning so high that the universe cannot keep them inside. So some of those particles are dropping back into the universe and form energy that should not be. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Dark energy: when stars shine is too bright.

  

The description of dark energy is simple. There is too much energy in the universe. 

Sometimes some researchers say that stars are shining too brightly. And that thing means there is some kind of unknown external or internal source for mysterious dark energy. Or actually, dark energy is no mystery at all. Its wave motion which source is unknown.  But what is the source of that mysterious wave motion? 

There is a couple of explanations for dark energy. 

1) Dark energy could be the wave motion that is coming outside the universe. That means there should be some energy sources that make this thing possible. So that thing (almost) proves the existence of the multiverse. 

2) Dark energy could be the quantum soundwaves coming from the quarks and gluons. The strong nuclear force is the interaction between quarks and gluons. And when gluon travels between quarks it causes a similar effect to the hammer that hits metal balls. 

In this model, there are two different types of dark energy. 

A) Gluons are sending short-wave dark energy

B) Quarks can be the source of long-wave dark energy. 

So dark energy can be radiation that comes from the gluons and quarks. And if we are thinking about the wavelengths of that radiation the shorter wavelength that comes from the gluons can be the hot dark energy. And the radiation that comes from the quarks is cold dark energy with a longer wavelength. 

3) There is an unknown source of dark energy. And that source could be graviton or some more exotic particle than we ever modeled before. Graviton is the source of gravitational waves if that particle existed. So if the graviton exists the place of that, still hypothetical particle is (almost certainly) between the gluon and quark. 

If graviton exists that could be extremely short living. If graviton is like the quantum spark that turns to wave motion immediately. That thing explains many things. That explains why we cannot observe gravitons. In that model, graviton turns wave motion immediately when it releases from its position. 

So that means graviton could be the chameleon particle. That we are looking for. In that model, the graviton is in all particles that have mass. But when graviton is released, it turns to wave motion. 

When graviton collapses it could pull another hypothetical tachyon particle into our universe.  

Or there is the possibility that when graviton collapse. That thing pulls the hypothetical tachyon particle from another dimension to our universe. As I many times wrote before, the dimension is energy level. In the same way, we can think that speed is also energy level. 

Tachyons are hypothetical  "faster than light" particles. But otherwise thinking we might say that tachyons are particles whose energy level is too high that we cannot observe them. So that means those tachyons are a little bit less exotic than we expected. 

Dark energy simply means that there is too much energy in the universe. 

What is dark energy? The answer for that is dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. So description for dark energy can be that there is too much energy in the universe. And that means dark energy is wave motion whose source is unknown. 

One thing in dark energy is simple. It exists. Or the force that rips the universe into pieces exists. And that thing is one of the biggest questions in astronomy. What causes this strange wave motion that rips the universe into pieces? 

Dark energy shows that the standard model of physics is incomplete. The reason for that is that we cannot make a complete model of the system without complete information about that system. If some part of the system is missing the observation cannot match with theoretical models. 

The thing that makes dark energy interesting is that in quantum systems is one rule. Any system itself cannot create energy. It just can transform the form of the energy. So all extra energy that comes to the system must come outside of the system. Or if there are no other systems there must be an unknown component in the system that is the source of that energy.

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/