Could quark annihilation explain something about dark energy?

Could the answer. For the dark energy mystery. Be. In some process of particle evaporation, which is previously unknown? And could that thing be the quark annihilation? 

Cosmic voids and material evaporation are interesting things. When we think about comic voids and conditions inside them. There. Quantum fields are weaker than in other places in the universe. This causes a material evaporation effect. And the question is, can this effect release as much energy as annihilation? When a particle starts to evaporate. An atom loses its electron shell. That gives the atom core room to expand, and then the bonds between protons and neutrons will break. 

In that process, energy is stored in the bonds between protons and neutrons. This energy release could form the extremely small WARP bubble around the atom shell. In that process, the evaporation reaction. It can be faster than predicted. When those bonds between protons and neutrons release their energy, that causes an effect. They also release energy into quarks that form protons and neutrons. This causes an energy impulse that pushes those quarks farther from each other. 

Released. This releases free energy in the system. Then the neutrons and protons start to decay. Or they release their quarks. This can happen. When a weak quantum field lets quantum fields around quarks expand. This causes that. The distance between those quarks starts to increase. 

“Graphic of quarks annihilating (left green lines), producing a photon (middle line), and producing two muons (right magenta lines). Scientists detected these muons to gain insight into the quark asymmetry of the proton. Image credit: Paul Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory”. (University of Michigan, Study finds unexpected antimatter asymmetry in the proton)

Sooner or later, the distance between quarks is so long that the bonds between them start to break. The neutron decay is confirmed. Two down and one up quarks form a neutron. This means energy travels to the up quark. And this effect causes neutron decay. 

Proton is more complicated. Its main structure is two up and one down quark. The energy travels to those up quarks more smoothly than in a neutron. But there are also particle-antiparticle pairs in proton. When the proton’s quantum field starts to expand, that causes an effect in which those particles and anti-particles touch each other. This effect rips a proton. In pieces. This requires that the quantum field around the proton expands as much as it allows those particle-antiparticle pairs to touch each other. Normally, the structure of a proton keeps antimatter and its mirror particles away from each other. But when a proton expands, that allows those particle-antiparticle pairs to annihilate. 

In that case, those bonds between those three quarks also release energy that is stored in them. In this process, the situation is similar to that in proton-antiproton annihilation. In that process. The reaction releases energy that is stored in those bonds. And finally, quarks and electrons turn into wave motion.

So, when we think that there is too much energy in the universe, we must ask, could that energy form in this type of reaction? When we think about material evaporation. And its relationship with dark energy, we must realize one thing. When reseachers make their calculations, they should know and handle every stage of those reactions. In cosmic voids, the speed of light is higher than outside it. This means all particles travel faster than they do outside the cosmic void. When they hit the edge of the void, they release that energy into those quantum fields. 

https://www.anl.gov/argonne-scientific-publications/pub/164087

https://news.umich.edu/study-finds-unexpected-antimatter-asymmetry-in-the-proton/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_(astronomy)

 

Could material evaporation be? Behind the dark energy?

When we think about the matter and how matter evaporation binds energy, we must realize one thing. The evaporation. Just puts energy into motion. When we think of a situation where ice turns into water, we might think. This process will decrease the temperature. This is not actually true. If that melting process happens. In one place or one point. 

When things like polar icecaps melt, that process requires energy. That energy is coming from the equator. When polar ice melts. That pulls energy into the melting process. This causes an effect. The equatorial tropical area is expanding. This means that the melting ice pulls energy. From around the planet. Into it. 

So we can think. This model can also fit in the universe’s scale.  We can say that the edge of the universe could be the point where material evaporates faster than inside the universe. That thing. Causes an effect that makes energy travel to the edge of the universe. When the universe expands. That thing causes a situation. The quantum fields in the universe turn weaker. During that process. That expansion forms large holes in those quantum fields. 

Cosmic voids and material evaporation at the edge of the universe, and those cosmic voids can form the dark energy. Cosmic voids focus energy. And that can expand the universe. The cosmic voids can also form a virtual gravitational effect that pulls particles and energy fields into it. 

“The farther away we look, the closer in time we're seeing toward the Big Bang. The newest record-holder for quasars comes from a time when the Universe was under 5% of its present age. These ultra-distant cosmological probes also show us a Universe that contains not just radiation and matter (including dark matter), but also dark energy, whose nature is unknown. Many questions still remain unanswered at the scientific frontiers. (Big Think, Starts with a bang, What was it like when dark energy rose to prominence?)

“Simulation of the matter distribution in a cubic section of the universe. The blue fiber structures represent the matter (primarily dark matter), and the empty regions in between represent the cosmic voids.” (Wikipedia, Void (astronomy))

Conditions in cosmic voids are similar. As at the edge of the universe. Material evaporates. Or turns into energy faster in the cosmic voids than outside them. When particles evaporate, they send wave movement into the center of those cosmic voids. This thing means that energy reflects from the center of those cosmic bubbles. And along with particles that evaporate. At the edge of the universe, that thing forms the dark energy. Or free energy that destroys the universe. 

Material evaporation. It means a process. There, the material turns into energy. Dark energy refers to an unknown source of energy. And in the dark energy case. We should ask, what puts energy into moving? The answer to that problem can be found in the material evaporation. When material evaporates. It acts the same. Way as ice. This process binds energy. And then energy from the environment tries to fill that point. So when. We are searching for the source of dark energy; we should look at the edge of the universe. And. At the same time. We should look at the edge. Of the cosmic voids. 

When material evaporates very fast at the outer edge of cosmic voids. That releases free energy in the system. Most of that energy falls. Into the cosmic voids and then jumps back. From their center. When matter evaporates, it releases energy. That forms it. When we think about cosmic voids, we could think that maybe those cosmic voids could explain dark matter. If most of the energy that evaporating particles release falls into the cosmic voids, they pull matter and wave movement with them in the same way as a gravitational field pulls those things. So, that means. The cosmic voids can form a virtual gravitational effect. That acts like matter acts in gravity centers. This means cosmic voids can also act as a virtual gravitational center. If the cosmic void is deep or empty enough, it can start to behave like a black hole. 

When particles evaporate at the edge of the universe. That effect pulls energy out of the universe to fill the point. There. The matter or particles evaporate. This effect, when it happens at the edge of the universe, pulls quantum fields to the edge of the universe. That makes those fields weaker. This causes an effect. That increases the speed. To turn into a wave movement. This effect pushes the edge of the universe away. And that increases the speed of particle transformation. Into energy. or wave movement. This means that the cosmic voids and the edge of the universe. They can put energy into moving in the mysterious phenomenon called dark energy. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-energy-prominence/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boötes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Void_(astronomy)

CERN researchers found a new proton-like particle.

“CERN scientists have uncovered a new proton-like particle, the Ξcc+, revealing a heavier and long-predicted member of the subatomic world.” (ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover New Proton-Like Particle at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider)

“Researchers from the University of Manchester have played a major part in identifying a previously unknown subatomic particle at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The particle, called the Ξcc+ (Xi-cc-plus), is a heavy proton-like particle made of two charm quarks and one down quark.”(ScitechDaily, Physicists Discover New Proton-Like Particle at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider)

The new “super proton” is a particle that involves two charm quarks and one down quark. This means that this particle behaves. A little bit like a neutron. There are two down and one up quark in a neutron. So, energy flows in this new particle. As it flows in a neutron. But this new particle has a stronger energy flow than a neutron. So it must exist for a far shorter time than a neutron. 

This particle exists for a very short period. However, it also indicates that other quarks, besides the up and down quarks, can form hadron or baryon-type particles. Those “super baryons” (or super hadrons) don’t exist in our universe. However, they could exist and even take a stable form in a young, highly energetic universe. In a high-energy or hot universe, energy flows away from those particles more slowly. This means that those structures remained for a longer time. 

"A hadron is a composite subatomic particle. Every hadron must fall into one of the two fundamental classes of particle, bosons and fermions." (Wikipedia, Hadron)

"In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons (or baryonic hadrons); because baryons are composed of quarks, they belong to the hadron family of particles. Baryons are also classified as fermions because they have half-integer spin." (Wikipedia, Baryon)

 And that means those particles could exist until the temperature or energy level in the universe turns so low that those “super baryons” destroy themselves. The energy flows out. From those particles, cut the energy bridges between those quarks. And that released energy. In the young universe were energy levels, structures, and matter. 

That doesn’t exist anymore. In the very first stages, things like bottom and top quarks could form the proton-type structure. Those structures turned into energy. A long time ago. But maybe their descendants remain as a strange glow. Called dark energy. Dark energy is the dominant thing in the universe. 

That is stored in those bonds. One of the models of dark energy. And its origin is in those particles that disappeared. Or were destroyed when the universe turned colder. In that model, the extra energy that forms dark energy is formed in those particles. That destroyed and released energy. That was stored in their quantum bonds. This means there could be far more exotic particles in the young universe than this new “super proton” is. 

The quarks that CERN can produce are ghosts from the young universe. They exist in the very high energy levels. In the regular universe, those particles and particle groups like mesons don’t exist anymore. In the modern universe, only up and down quarks can form particles like hadrons and baryons. But this new particle is interesting. 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-discover-new-proton-like-particle-at-cerns-large-hadron-collider/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

 

Does dark energy exist?

"The universe’s accelerating expansion is usually attributed to an unseen force called dark energy. New research proposes that a deeper understanding of gravity and spacetime geometry might explain this behavior without invoking such a mystery. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

There are two types of energy, or quantum fields, in the universe. The local fields that surround galaxies and other gravity centers. And the global fields. These are sometimes called Higgs fields. Those fields are the base energy fields in the universe. Global fields exist in space between galaxy clusters. And they determine the minimum energy level in the universe. The expansion of the universe affects the global field more strongly than the local fields. The local field is like a bubble. That form is when energy and matter are. Pack around gravity centers. 

Like. Galaxies and black holes. Because those gravitational centers pull energy around them, the particle evaporation, or quantum evaporation, is slower around those gravity centers. When particles outside those local fields turn energy. Or wave movement faster than particles in the local fields. It can cause an effect that we cannot see. That evaporation form. When quantum fields turn weaker. Energy. 

That comes from the global field pushing local fields and turning their geometry. That quantum wind forms energy shadows that move objects inside those fields. So. When that energy hits the quantum field around the galaxy clusters. It. Forms a similar halo. The sun forms near Earth. The energy of those objects with the minimum energy level. It is not very strong, but there are lots of those objects. Far more. Than in the galaxy clusters. This means that the local fields around galaxies don’t let that energy come through them. 

The local fields are complex internal bubbles that surround stars, star clusters, galaxies, local galaxy clusters, and galaxy superclusters. Those fields make it hard to detect radiation that comes from the space between galaxy superclusters. So that energy can push the galaxy's halo. The halo around galaxies is far heavier. Than. A galaxy. When that halo moves, the galaxy in it moves. The problem is that. The galaxy is the dominant object. But the galaxy is not alone. Along. With the surrounding halos, dwarf galaxies, and star clusters, it forms the local system. The local system. It is very complex. Each dwarf galaxy has its own halo inside the main halo. Those halos are formed of dark matter and visible matter. 

That means other objects around the galaxy move in the same way relatively to the galaxy. So the virtual position of the dwarf galaxies around the massive or full-size galaxies remains the same. Or it's the same relatively to the central galaxy. Because. The local system. Remains in the same form. That means the local system moves as an entirety. The movement is hard to detect. If. The observer is that system. 

This halo is one of the things that makes it hard to detect low-energy objects. Outside. That halo. In the same way as local quantum fields, those halos are multi-layer bubbles that surround single galaxies. Local clusters. And super clusters. 

So if dark energy is the movement in the Higgs field. The next. Question is: What pushes that field into motion? The Higgs field. The base energy field is all around the universe. That field determines the base energy level in the universe. And the expansion of the universe. Causes the effect. The Higgs field turns weaker. This effect pulls energy out of particles. 

"AI-generated picture of the expansion of the universe. Credit: ZARM, Universität Bremen (AI generated)" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

Again, does dark energy exist? That depends on how we determine dark energy. Is it energy? That just cannot. Travel through the galaxy's halo? Or, is it so weak energy or energy that the source is in such a small particle that we cannot separate it? The halo around the galaxy is so bright. That. We simply. Cannot see the radiation that is between galaxies. The problem is that the halo around the galaxy is so high-energy that it covers the energy. That is the particle at almost the minimum energy level. Transmits. In the case of dark energy, we should ask: What pushes energy in motion? Things like stars in the galaxy. And high energy. Shining nebulae cover that weak background radiation. Under. Radiation that comes from stars and other objects. 

The fact is that nobody knows. Dark energy can be a virtual situation that forms when the universe expands. Universe’s expansion. Causes a situation where quantum fields. Around particles turn weaker. That means material, or rather, particles, evaporate faster. This means particles turn into a wave movement. A particle is actually a pack of dense wave movement. The quantum field outside it. Keeps it in form. So when the energy level in the quantum field decreases. 

The energy level. Around the particle decreases. Particle releases wave movement. This increases energy in the universe. At the same time. When. The universe expands. The distance between objects rises. This causes the gravity effect between objects turn weaker. 

Quantum Evaporation. Along. With. A weaker gravitational effect. It can explain dark energy. Then the key problem is this: why is that thing so hard to detect? We should rather say why we cannot see that effect in small-scale systems. Things like galaxies and black holes are gravity centers. They pack energy fields around them. This means that. 

The large-scale quantum evaporation or particle evaporation. It cannot happen near galaxies. This means that the universe’s expansion doesn’t have a direct effect on the field around galaxies. Massive gravitation, along with energy that comes from stars, keeps that local quantum field, at least, more stable than the global field. The global field is the quantum field. Or the Higgs field, which is between galaxy clusters. The universe's expansion affects the global field more strongly than it affects the local field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-energy-doesnt-exist-new-theory-could-rewrite-cosmic-expansion/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field

What was before the Big Bang. (Part II)

  What was before the Big Bang. (Part II)

"Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time. Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin. Physicists in Canada propose that our universe could be a reflection of an antimatter universe that existed before the Big Bang." (CREDIT: Getty Images)" The brighter side, Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin)

The antiuniverse or antiverse is the model. That is based on the supernova explosion model. When a large star explodes, that event forms a so-called time-glass nebula. So, could the Big Bang event have formed the two universes? The idea is that when two giant whirls. That spin was opposite. Those giant whirls formed the spark, or the explosion that sent two universes into different directions. If those proto-anti-universe and the proto-universe impacted. That could form the universe and the anti-universe. 

This question is one of the most interesting, because it helps researchers to calculate the values of the particles.  When a particle travels through the universe. Energy and quantum fields touch it. Those touches leave marks on those particles. And that helps to get information from distant galaxies. But this is not possible. If researchers don’t know the strength of those energy fields. This means that modeling the Big Bang makes it possible to calculate changes in the energy levels in an expanding universe. 

  

What energy should be in those particles that exist in the modern universe? 

And if researchers can calculate. What kind of energy should those particles have? They can search for differences between theoretical and real values. That gives data about the fields. That the particle faced. During its journey.  But it’s impossible to calculate theoretical values without knowing the beginning values. 

Was there some kind of energy flow that formed two opposite rotating whirls that were positive and negative (+ and -) universes? And was the Big Bang some kind of spark between those giant whirls?  That doesn’t mean that antiversum and universe require material. They require opposite fields that cause a similar reaction to the antimatter-matter annihilation. 

In some models, the energy arrow that traveled through the field formed two giant whirls. Those whirls can be the anti-universe and the universe. Or, those whirls were the positive and negative whirls. If those two positive and negative proto-universes act like matter and antimatter. They can pull each other together. 

Above: Time glass nebula. 

So can the antiverse explain the Big Bang? 

In this case, we should rather talk about the antiverse. As a mirror universe. Or, mirror protouniverse . Where there was some kind of material. We could say that in the case of the proto-universe, the antiversum was rather the whirl where energy fields rotate in the opposite direction. Than the other universe that we can call the “normal universe”. If the proto-universe and proto-anti-universe were oppositely rotating whirls in the energy field or in free gravitational wave movement. We can think that those whirls pulled each other together like antimatter and matter. Pulled each other together. 

It’s possible that those extremely large rotational whirls impact each other, and they formed the lightning or the spark. That spark could be like a shortcut between positive and negative fields, and that spark could be the thing that we can call the universe. When the Big Bang happened. Energy was homogenously spread through the entire universe. Then the universe's expansion made holes. In that homogenous energy field. And that caused situations where energy started to fill those holes. 

Could dark energy or some part of dark energy form when quarks or gluons collide with their antimatter pairs? That thing can mean that this kind of thing can put energy into moving. 

Can black holes’ relativistic jets be formed from new fermions in the universe? When we talk about black holes and their relativistic jets, they can form fermion-anti-fermion pairs. That means that effect condenses energy fields into the form of matter. That means if Schwinger effect forms matter in the modern universe, that thing forms fermion-antifermion pairs. And those particle-antiparticle pairs can annihilate, transforming into energy. So could dark energy’s source be in the quark and anti-quark annihilation? Or in some more exotic particles, annihilation, like the gluon-antigluon annihilation. 

This can mean that energy, or wave movement that travels into those energy holes, is stated to fill those holes, and the Schwinger effect could form material in those whirls. Some of those whirls could be so strong that the wave movement formed different-sized primordial black holes. The question is always. Do black holes' relativistic jets form new particles in the universe? Relativistic jets are the most powerful things in the universe. Because black holes also interact with dark matter and dark energy. That means a black hole can form two relativistic jets, visible and dark energy jets.    

When dark energy jets travel through the universe, they can turn dark energy fields into some kind of particles. The changes in dark energy could form. When dark energy turns into some kind of particles. When we think about the nature of energy, matter is one of the forms of energy. Particles are energy packages. When energy binds itself into matter or particles, that means that energy is away from its environment. 

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/groundbreaking-research-suggests-that-our-universe-has-an-antiuniverse-twin/

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-partner-anti-universe-expansion-dark.amp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane_cosmology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

Dark dwarfs can erase dark matter. And get energy from that reaction.

 Dark dwarfs can erase dark matter. And get energy from that reaction.  

"A newly proposed type of stellar object, called a dark dwarf, may be hiding in the heart of our galaxy. These faint, low-mass stars could be powered not by fusion, but by the annihilation of dark matter particles, possibly revealing the elusive nature of one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (These Strange Stars Could Reveal the True Nature of Dark Matter)

If dark energy can form a soliton, that soliton can transform dark energy into visible energy. 

The dark dwarfs could be mysterious substellar objects that can destroy dark matter and convert it into energy. When those objects erase dark matter. That means that dark dwarves transform hypothetical dark matter particles into wave movement. That wave movement can also form in cases where dark matter particles impact each other. Or those hypothetical particles can also aim wave movement into the dark dwarves and turn dark energy visible. In that case, the dark energy waves can form a soliton. If dark energy is extremely short-wave radiation. 

And, if dark energy starts to create a soliton. That soliton grows so high that its wavelength matches the observable wave movement. That causes interaction between dark and visible energy, or wave movement. 

So, a dark dwarf can form a soliton that acts as a tensor between dark and visible energy. The problem is how to pack dark energy into a soliton. The base element in this model is that. Dark matter is at least one of the sources of dark energy. The idea is that because dark matter is invisible, it sends a wave movement in the wavelength that we cannot see. 

"Artistic representation of a dark dwarf. Credit: Image created by Sissa Medialab staff with Adobe Illustrator"  (These Strange Stars Could Reveal the True Nature of Dark Matter)

Or if those dark matter particles impact, that sends a wave movement. And that means that wave movement can be a dark energy. And if dark energy forms when something erases dark matter, that means the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, observations support that model. If dark matter turns into a wave movement. That makes holes in dark matter. Because there is less dark matter in the universe. That causes a change in scattering in dark energy. 

So, if black holes are a dark energy source, can the dark dwarf be a tensor that can transform dark energy into visible energy? 

Dark dwarves are hypothetical objects that the dark matter or energy, which is composed of dark matter particles, such as hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, can release when that strange object turns dark matter into wave movement or energy. The dark dwarf is like a tensor that transforms energy, from which WIMPs are released when they annihilate. 

The energy that the dark dwarf glows can form when WIMPs impact in the middle of it. There is also another explanation for how dark matter can cause the dark dwarf glow. The idea is that a dark dwarf can turn hypothetical axion particles into the same position. In that model, the axions are fast-spinning particles that are like sticks. 

Those sticks will turn their head to the dark dwarves. And then they harness energy and aim it into the dark dwarf nucleus. This could be possible if the star is in a very stable position outside the galaxy. Even a low mass object can cause large-scale effects, because there is no interference around it. That effect can pull the stick-shaped particles into the standing position.

 Or the gravitational effect can pull dark matter into the nucleus of the dark dwarf. Those particles impact and turn, or release the wave movement. The third way can be connected to the black hole. When a dark dwarf is near a supermassive or smaller black hole, that black hole pulls energy and dark matter into it. A dark dwarf can pull a small amount of dark matter to whirl around it. Then those dark matter particles collide with the particles that travel to the black hole. That causes energy impulses. That raises those objects' temperatures. If dark dwarves really can erase dark matter and turn it into visible energy, that thing can rewrite the fate of the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/these-strange-stars-could-reveal-the-true-nature-of-dark-matter/

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-engine-is-changing-desi-hints-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy could be something incredible.

 Dark energy could be something incredible. 

"The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument is mounted on the U.S. National Science Foundation’s Nicholas U. Mayall 4-meter Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory—a program of NSF NOIRLab—in Arizona. Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/B. Tafreshi" (ScitechDaily, The Universe’s Engine Is Changing: DESI Hints Dark Energy Isn’t What We Thought)

Can black holes be the source of dark energy? 

The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, DESI, uncovers dark energy, and those observations reveal that dark energy can be something nobody expected. DESI’s observations suggest that black holes may be a source of dark energy. That means, there is a structure near the event horizon or in some energy fields near the black hole that transforms material or wave movement into dark energy. Dark energy could form when some structure pushes energy fields. Like some kind of rotating propeller. Or, we can say that the structure in the black hole or its environment just changes the wavelength of the radiation or visible energy so short that we cannot see that wavelength. Black holes are bright gamma- and X-ray objects. 

There is a possibility that this bright high-energy radiation covers dark energy below it. The main question in this transformation model is simple. What is the wavelength that turns into dark energy? Does dark energy form when spinning structures interact with gamma-rays?  Gamma-rays have the highest known energy level and the shortest known wavelength. So, can that interaction, with gravitation radiation, transform high-energy radiation into dark energy? 

This model suggests that when high-power gravitational waves come out from the black hole. It changes  the energy fields near the black hole. So, what are gravity waves? They are like energy potholes in the universe. They can form in situations when some shortwave wave movement travels against energy fields. That shortwave radiation pulls energy out from those fields, forming a ditch that pulls particles and other objects to the gravity center. That radiation or wave movement causes changes in the wavelengths of other radiation. 

If black holes are the dark energy sources, that would be a more fundamental observation. Than nobody expected. Dark energy forms when some structure in the black hole pushes fields that fall into the gravitational center. A black hole's spinning binds energy into it. But the expansion of the universe causes a situation. Where that black hole loses its mass all the time. Laws of physics determine that energy cannot just vanish. It can turn into materia. And matter can turn into energy. That means the source of the dark energy can be in the black hole’s evaporation. When a black hole turns into radiation. That means it turns its mass into energy. 

Could there be two versions of gravity? 

1) Gravity that forms when a particle vaporizes or turns into wave movement. That vaporization or reaction where matter turns into energy or wave movement pulls energy to that particle. The evaporation makes an object a gravity center, which pulls particles into it. When a particle or any object, including a black hole, sends a wave movement, it releases energy, or wave movement. And that wave movement binds energy from other energy fields. 

2) Another version of gravity can happen when fast-spinning black holes pull energy to the event horizon and near it. That energy travels to the spin axle, there it travels through the space. This thing means that the gravity center acts like a giant thermal pump. And if we think that the energy waves that travel in a relativistic jet are the string-shaped structure, those strings can bind energy from around them. That can mean that dark matter beams can be the source of dark matter, the mysterious gravity effect. 

So can fast-moving thin energy fields, or energy waves, be the source for dark matter? That means when an energy beam travels in the universe very fast, it binds energy into itself. Or the string binds energy into its head. Then energy travels back in that string and pushes fields away from it. But first, that string’s energy level must turn so high that it can make that thing. 

That model can explain why a long energy string, or a superstring, can be hot and cold at the same time. When a superstring collects energy into it, and if its speed is high enough, that can form an effect where energy travels out from the string from its back. So the string itself is not visible. But the energy field that it packs around it glows. And if that string can move energy in some direction in an extremely short-wave form, that means that the string packs energy from around it and turns its wavelength. When energy travels around those fast-moving strings, it forms a situation that looks like gravity.  

Can the dark energy source be in the hypothetical dark matter particles interaction. Dark matter particles like weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, and axions are hypothetical particles. There is a possibility that fast-spinning particles can turn into string-shaped structures. So, the fast spin movement stretches those particles into the shape that seems like a superstring. 

Another explanation for dark energy is that. Hypothetical dark matter particles. Or impacting gravitational waves, can form dark energy. Near black hole conditions are extreme. That means if there are dark matter particles or wave movement impacts. And maybe those impacting waves can form a wave movement that we cannot see. But the most exciting versions of those theories suggest that dark energy can form in gravitons. Those still hypothetical gravitational transpoting particles could be so-called quantum-size singularities or quantum-size black holes. 

The model goes like this. Those particles will not actually form dark energy. They just transform other energy forms. Or wavelength, into dark energy. This happens when a particle affects a fundamental force’s wavelength. We know four fundamental forces. Those forces are gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong nuclear force. Today, we call those four fundamental forces “fundamental interactions”. Every single fundamental interaction has a unique wavelength. 

That wavelength depends on the size of its transportation particle, called bosons. Energy cannot form from nowhere, but it can change its form. When energy changes its form, that means its wavelength changes. So, theoretically is possible to transform gravity waves into electromagnetic energy. But the problem is this: we don’t have tensors that can make this thing. 

That means that. The graviton simply moves wave motion to another place. So the gravity center acts like a thermal pump. The idea is that the energy travels. To the spin axle of the graviton. There, it moves out from the particle as a very thin energy string. And if gravitons form black holes, that means black hole transports energy to their poles. And then sends that energy as a string or a thin energy beam into the space. So when that happens, the reaction can look like gravitation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universes-engine-is-changing-desi-hints-dark-energy-isnt-what-we-thought/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_Energy_Spectroscopic_Instrument

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter.

    Dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. 

"Mysterious “dark dwarfs” may glow eternally by burning invisible dark matter — and spotting them could finally crack one of the universe’s greatest mysteries. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com"(ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

Astronomers may have discovered a whole new type of star — mysterious “dark dwarfs” that could glow forever by feeding on dark matter, the invisible substance thought to make up most of the universe. Unlike ordinary stars that burn nuclear fuel, these strange objects might be powered by annihilating dark matter particles, creating an eternal source of light. (ScitechDaily, These Stars Don’t Burn – They Annihilate Dark Matter)

In some hypotheses, Dark matter particle collisions are a dark energy sources. The gravitational center can collect those particles, but the object must have a certain density so that it can bind that dark energy. Another version is that the energy density in dark energy must be high enough. It can interact with visible material. Dark matter has a gravitational interaction. With visible matter. That means the gravity center can collect dark matter into them. And that can make those objects shine. 

And if dark dwarfs or dark stars annihilate dark matter, that means they form dark energy. Or change dark matter particles, hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, WIMPs, or axions into dark energy. 

Dark Dwarfs are hypothetical forms of brown dwarfs. That kind of object can pull dark matter inside it. And start to get its energy from hypothetical dark matter particle impacts. There is a possibility that dark dwarfs can get their energy from dark matter. And if those things exist, they can be the eternal glow in the universe. But could those dark dwarves exist forever? That depends on one thing: does dark matter exist, depending on the visible matter, and visible particles? Or is dark matter formed in some independent process? 

Dark dwarfs are things that can form from brown dwarfs. Those brown dwarfs can pull dark matter particles into their core. All known gravitational centers can pull dark matter inside them. But how dense the object must be that it can start to glow because of dark energy. Hypothetical dark matter particles can form dark energy. When they collide with each other. The object must be very dense so that it can harness dark energy. 

Or could dark matter exist even before the visible matter formed in the event, or series of events, called the Big Bang? If dark matter formed in the Big Bang, that means its existence depends on the visible universe. But then, if we think about those hypothetical dark dwarfs, we face a situation where the small brown dwarf can start to pull dark matter particles, hypothetical axions, or WIMPS into its core. There, those WIMPs or axions interact with other WIMPs and axions. 

That causes annihilation or some kind of fusion between those particles. And then that makes those dark dwarves shine. Another question is this: can the dark matter annihilation form dark energy, or could the product of that reaction be the visible energy? That means dark matter fusion. or annihilation or WIMP impacts form dark energy. But then. We can think about cases like black holes. Near black holes, the dark energy density can be high enough. It can start interacting with visible particles or wave movement. 

And maybe dark energy and dark matter give at least part of the black hole’s energy. There is one way to transform dark energy into visible energy, and that method is to create a dark energy soliton. The dark energy soliton would be like all other solitons. It packs wave movement. Into one point. That increases the wave movement energy level and, in the same way, raises the wave height. And that means the dark energy solitons can also interact with their environment. Could some dark matter particles be some kind of solitons?  That explains why we cannot see those objects. 

https://www.durham.ac.uk/news-events/latest-news/2025/07/mysterious-dark-dwarfs-may-be-hiding-at-the-heart-of-the-milky-way/

https://scitechdaily.com/these-stars-dont-burn-they-annihilate-dark-matter/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy mystery: is it just a remnant from the Big Bang?

"By mapping out the three-dimensional positions of galaxies over a large volume of the Universe, scientists within the DESI collaboration have uncovered some (but not overwhelming) suggestive evidence that the strength of dark energy has weakened (and is weakening) over time. Using the feature of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs) may be the method of investigation that finally breaks the Standard Model of cosmology, but the picture with constant dark matter and dark energy still remains strong." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Is dark energy just leftover momentum from the Big Bang?)

If the Big Bang was some kind of series of events. That can explain the dark energy. Dark energy is wave movement whose wavelength and source are unknown. There are multiple theories about the origin of this thing. One of them is that the dark energy is the leftover momentum of the Big Bang. Some other people think that its source is in another universe. 

But that's not the only theory. Researchers made to explain the most dominating effect in the universe. 

Sometimes. Some researchers think that dark energy forms when the universe and its particles spin. If the entire universe spins there is the possibility that the spin of the most out layer in the universe sends energy out from the universe. 

When the energy level in the universe decreases that releases wave movement that is stored in the particles. If we think that there is a so-called Higgs field or base energy field in the universe and the universe's spin speed increases that thing causes an effect that the universe requires some kind of energy source. That energy source can be in the black holes that release energy when the energy level in the universe decreases. Material is one energy form. It's packed wave movement. In the same way, things like superstrings and all materials release energy when their speed decreases. 

There are theories. The particles that form in the cosmic voids can explain the dark energy. When a particle travels in the cosmic voids it can cross a similar particle's maximum speed. So when a photon travels in a cosmic void it travels faster than outside the void. That means when particles come out from the cosmic void, they must release their kinetic energy. Same way wave movement travels faster in the cosmic void. And when the wave movement impacts material that thing releases energy. Same way there are models. High-energy particle impacts like impacting neutrinos are behind dark energy. 

If we think about wormhole theories the wormhole is the tiny tornado that crosses the universe. There are models that the wormhole is actually the superstring. That means the structure is like a tiny energy tornado that seals energy. And maybe the superstrings or wormholes are behind that mysterious effect. When superstrings or tiny energy tornadoes spin they send energy waves into the the Higgs field. That hypothetical wave movement is like thunder in the universe. 

In one model dark energy forms. When particle or wave movement comes out from the wormholes. 

That means that when material comes out from the wormhole it causes energy impulse into the universe. The wormhole brings energy straight from the past to the present. And that can explain the dark energy. But that requires the existence of the wormhole. The energy tornado can be the shortcut to the future. 

When a particle slides through that energy channel that thing locks energy in it. Then that thing comes out from that energy tornado it releases that extra energy. But nobody knows for sure. Dark energy remains a mystery. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/dark-energy-leftover-momentum-big-bang/

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

 Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

********************************************************************

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

********************************************************************

Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

 The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

Does dark matter play a bigger role in gravitation than we thought? Is it possible that gravitation does not interact straight with visible material? In some models, gravitation interacts with dark matter. And dark matter acts medium between gravitation and visible material. 

So could dark matter be the lost fifth fundamental force? Or could dark matter be close to that fifth force? If that model is true the fifth force could be interaction between dark matter particles. 

So the model of the gravitational interaction goes like this. 

Gravitation>>>Dark matter>>>Visible materia. 

And the fifth force could be the interaction between dark matter particles. 

This is one question that MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) can answer. Is it possible that dark matter is the thing that pulls particles into the gravitational center? The idea is not very common, but there is a possibility that gravitation doesn't interact directly with matter. The idea is that dark matter acts as a medium. Gravitation affects dark matter that starts to flow through the visible material. And then that dark matter pulls the visible particles into the gravitational centers.

"Artist’s concept of a collection of pulsars that detect gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Evidence That Earth Is Enveloped in Slow-Rolling Sea of Gravitational Waves)

If WIMPs were born in a higher-energy universe, which means before visible matter, time would move differently in those hypothetical particles.

The idea is that WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are very small particles that extremely large quantum fields surround. There are lots of Wimps, and they form a flow that pulls larger particles with them. We know that there is also dark matter on Earth, but because we cannot see those particles or anything else about that strange gravitational effect, we cannot calculate the mass of visible material on Earth.

If WIMPs are real particles, they could look similar to visible particles, but their shape or size is different from visible material. And one of the reasons for that could be that WIMPs were released at a different moment during the Big Bang than visible material. And if those hypothetical WIMPs formed at a moment when the energy level was higher, that means they formed before visible matter. That means time is different in WIMPs, or they exist at a different time than visible matter.

The black holes are gravitational centers. But Earth is also one of those gravitational centers. It's possible that in the middle of Earth is the point where dark matter particles, or WIMPs, are impacting. There is a possibility that the dark matter impacts also form gravitational waves near Earth. That means there are always gravitational waves around gravitational centers. But around Earth, they are much weaker than around the Sun or black holes.

There is the model that Earth is in the center of slow gravitational waves. And the source of those gravitational waves could be dark matter particles impacting in the middle of the Earth's nucleus. 

Could those colliding dark matter particles or gravitons the hypothetical gravitational transportation particles cause a situation in that gravitation is gone at that point? We know that inside all ball-shaped objects is the point where is no gravitation. The thing that causes this thing could be impacting dark matter particles or gravitons. 

Is it possible that Newton's and Einstein's gravitational models are suitable only in extremely strong gravitational fields? That means we cannot make working gravitational models by using regular objects. Only extreme cases where black holes are turning gravitation-dominating can make Einstein's and Newton's models true. 

Near black holes, gravitation closes other forces inside them. The gravitation presses time and space. connecting all fundamental forces into one entirety.  So standard gravitational models like the Theory of Relativity cannot be used to model weak gravitational fields. And that opens the path to MOND. And that forces us to rethink the gravitational effect.

Gravitation breaks at low acceleration And that supports MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). That forces us to reconsider dark matter and gravitation. In those tests, researchers measured gravitational effects on regular binary stars. And they saw that at low accelerations, gravitation doesn't follow the model that Newton and Einstein calculated. That means there is something that forces us to think about gravitation again.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66407099.amp

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/binary-stars-prove-modified-gravity/

https://www.livescience.com/dark-matter-may-cause-milky-way-to-glow.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html

https://scitechdaily.com/conclusive-evidence-for-modified-gravity-collapse-of-newtons-and-einsteins-theories-in-low-acceleration/

https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-that-earth-is-enveloped-in-slow-rolling-sea-of-gravitational-waves/

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/10/subatomic-particle-muon-science-research-fifth-force-nature/

https://www.universetoday.com/41878/wimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

Could dark energy be the pushing and dark matter pulling gravitational effect?

The dark interaction and antigravitation. 

The standing gravitation wave that makes impacting gravitational waves reflect can be the key to antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect. 

Are dark matter and dark energy two-way interactions of gravitation? So could dark energy be antigravitation and dark matter be gravitation in the form we know it? If that thing is true that means gravitation has similar two-way interaction. 

All other fundamental forces have two-way interaction and they push and pull particles. So why the dark energy cannot be the hypothetical antigravitation or pushing gravitation? And dark matter could be the regular pulling gravitation. 

*Dark energy is energy that rips the universe into pieces. 

*Dark matter is the mysterious gravitational effect that keeps dwarf galaxies in one structure. Nobody has seen dark matter. And the only known interaction between dark matter and visible matter is gravitation. 

*So the name of the dark matter should be dark gravitation. Nobody even knows if dark matter existed. 

*Or could the reason for that unknown effect be the virtual particles? And one virtual particle type is a standing gravitational wave. 

*If a standing gravitational wave is possible, that thing could make antigravitation possible. 

*The idea is that the energy level of that standing gravitational wave is higher than impacting gravitational waves that cause gravitational reflection. 

*And maybe that thing makes antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect possible. 

*So, could dark energy and dark matter be antigravitation and gravitation? 

Dark energy is a strange force that rips the universe into pieces. And dark matter is the gravitational effect that pushes particles away from each other. Dark energy and dark matter are forming a thing that we can call "dark interaction". 

So dark energy is pushing. And dark matter or dark gravitation is pulling particles together. Does that mean there is a question are they part of the same force? In some of the most fundamental speculations, dark energy and dark matter is the gravitation that is turned upside down. Is it possible? Can gravitation turn its mirror effect? 

Gravitation is radiation or wave motion. So gravitation can put travel to focus like all other radiation. And there is a possibility that while the gravitation travels across that focus. They are turning to their mirror waves. And that thing makes it possible that somewhere in the universe the gravitational effect turns to the opposite. 

There is a possibility. That some kind of gravitational loop or gravitational lensing is turning the gravitation to its mirror effect. In that kind of theoretical situation, coherent gravitational waves are traveling through the gravitational lens. And that lens forms the focus where gravitational waves are turning to the opposite. But could that effect cause that gravitation turns to its opposite force? 

While gravitational waves are traveling in space they will turn very weak. And if another side of the gravitational wave is at a higher energy level. That thing means that the gravitational wave can turn upside down. 

When quantum entanglement breaks. And the particles are starting to travel in different directions. We are always forgetting to explain how that thing happens. Before quantum entanglement is formed the particles must take superposition. That means that two elementary particles start to oscillate with the same frequency. 

Then if the energy level of those particles is different. There is forming an energy bridge between them. When the energy level of those particles is turning to the same level that pushes those particles away. 

When the quantum entanglement reaches energy stability. That breaks the structure. Wave motion that source is in both particles impacting in that energy channel it forms the virtual particle or energy bubble. And then the energy that reflects from that virtual particle pushes those particles at both ends of the quantum entanglement away. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Wormholes could explain dark energy and dark matter.

When we think that the hypothetical graviton particle is a quantum size black hole. That thing can also explain dark energy and dark matter. If a mysterious and still hypothetical graviton particle is a quantum-size black hole that quantum-size black hole is acting like all other black holes. 

The time is inverse also in the quantum-size black holes. And that thing could pull superstrings inside it. So the quantum size black hole will transfer superstrings to the point in spacetime, where it formed. And that thing can explain why we cannot see dark matter. 

*If graviton is the quantum-size black hole. That can explain dark energy and dark matter. 

*Quantum-size black holes are similar to regular black holes. They are time loops. 

When escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light. Time starts to run backward. And black hole brings the material to the point, where it was born. 

*The dark energy could be like Hawking radiation. In that case, quantum-size black holes send (Hawking) radiation. That has a different wavelength than Hawking radiation. That comes out from regular black holes. 

*And dark matter is material that travels in wormholes. 

If dark matter is material that travels in the wormholes and the black hole is the wormhole itself. That thing can explain why we cannot see dark matter or dark energy. 

The black hole is a time loop. 

When escaping velocity is the same as the speed of light time stops. And when escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light. Time turns to run backward. 

So black hole takes the material to the point in spacetime where it is formed. When the material is in a wormhole or a black hole. It cannot interact straight. But black holes can send Hawking Radiation, which means. 

That there is interaction also outwards from the singularity. And that thing causes one question. Is the dark energy some kind of Hawking radiation? There is the possibility that a quantum-size black hole is sending (Hawking) radiation that has a different wavelength than regular-size black holes. 

String theory explains material is formed of 2D superstrings that can explain dark energy and maybe dark matter. Maybe superstrings are the thing called "information". And that tells that superstrings have mass. The mass of the superstrings is minimal. 

A large number of those things can explain dark energy and dark matter. If the form of all particles is a yarn ball that is formed of flat superstrings that explains why those superstrings are so hard to detect. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/wormholes-may-already-have-been-detected-physicists-say

https://www.siliconrepublic.com/innovation/wormhole-travel-possible

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Pauli Exclusion Principle. And the universe's existence.

Could Pauli's Exclusion Principle explain dark energy? Could that wave motion be the interaction of identical particles? There should be no identical fermions in the entire universe. But when particles are reaching the minimum energy level they cannot transform anymore. 

Pauli's Exclusion Principle means that there are no two identical fermions in the same quantum system. And the universe is one quantum system. We are part of that quantum system. 

But there is one place where two fermions can turn identical. That place is the minimum energy level. And if some electrons reach the absolute minimum energy level of the system. They turn identical. That causes the effect where those electrons push each other away from the system. 

Or otherwise thinking the superstrings can form a similar interaction as fermions or every other particle in the world. And there is a possibility that if there are superstrings at minimum energy level those superstrings are starting to repel each other. 

What happens if all particles in the universe reach the same energy level? That thing destroys the entire universe. The reason for that is that when two particles are closing the same energy level they start to repel each other. 

In cosmic inflation, space expands in comparison to the material. That means the particle's energy levels or quantum states are closing each other and particles are turning much more like each other. And that thing means that the particles are pushing themselves away from each other. 

When two electrons or some other similar fermions like quarks reach the minimum energy level of the system they will become identical. And that means the wave motion of those particles pushes them away. 

The same thing happens when the quantum entanglement's energy level turns stable. When the energy level of the quantum entanglement turns stable. That thing forms wave motion that pushes the particles away from each other. 

The reason for that is that when the wave motions of the particles are impacting they form standing wave motion. And sooner or later the energy level of standing wave motion turns higher than outcoming wave motion. So the reflection from that virtual particle pushes those particles away from each other. 

And the question is could the dark energy be the interaction of the particles that are in the minimum energy level? When two electrons are reaching the minimum energy level they turn identical. And then the wave motion that leaves from those particles would push them away. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that there are no similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means as an example electrons must have different energy levels. And there are not two identical fermions in the entire universe. 

That thing is one of the base principles that are keeping quantum systems as one entirety. If there would be identical fermions or two similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means they have absolutely the same energy level they would form wave motion that has the same wavelength, height, and frequency. When that wave impacts another similar wave. 

That causes the standing wave. That thing would push all particles away from each other. That means two similar particles would destroy the entire system. Quantum entanglement will be broken when two particles have the same energy level. Or actually, the quantum entanglement will be broken when the energy level of superpositioned and entangled particles are closing each other. 

That means when the wave motion that is leaving from those particles is sliding to an identical form. They are starting to push particles away from each other. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that some fermions are at higher energy levels than others. And that thing leaves energy space to flow from the higher energy particles to lower energy particles. 

When those particles' energy levels are closing each other that causes the quantum states of particles are closing each other. And that thing means that the particles are turning closer to each other that thing causes the wave motion that pushes particles away from each other. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

Could the dark energy be the result of a vacuum around the universe?

In some wild theories. Dark energy or dark wave motion forms when the tachyon hits this dimension. Dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. 

Sometimes the source of dark energy is explained as when the quarks inside the protons or neutrons are oscillating they send wave motion. The reason for that oscillation is gluons. 

Gluons are traveling between quarks. Whenever gluon hits the quark it takes energy from it. And when a gluon that transports the strong nuclear force travels between quarks it releases its energy. 

And there is some yet unknown particle that locates between gluon and quark. When a gluon that travels between quarks impacts that yet-unknown particle. It sends radiation that wavelength is the same as that yet unknown particle. 

Is this the idea of Gran Unified Theory (GUT)?

But why strong nuclear force is so strong? The area where that strong nuclear interaction effect is very small if we are comparing it with gravitation or electromagnetism. And the idea of the GUT is this. The diameter of the affected area determines the name of the force. 

So the idea of the GUT is that every four fundamental forces, gravitation, electromagnetism, weak- and strong nuclear forces are the same force. 

A strong nuclear interaction is an interaction between gluon and quark. There is a possibility that this interaction happens when the superstrings are starting to travel between quark and gluon. When one superstring is turning to spiral and forms a quantum tornado. That effect will pull another superstring inside it.

 Then that quantum spiral starts to input energy to the quantum string that is inside the quantum spiral. That system works like a laser and the radiation that comes ends of the internal super- or quantum string pushes the particles away from the ends of that quantum channel. And that thing is the form of dark energy. 

Tachyon is the hypothetical faster-than-light particle that would not be possible in our universe. But outside the universe where nothing can slow particles, the tachyon could exist. The reason for that is simple. nothing can travel faster than light in our universe. In our universe quantum fields are slowing the speed of all particles. 

But outside our universe is no quantum fields. That means there could be tachyons. So are tachyons particles that source outside the universe? When that kind of particle hits the quantum field. It releases its energy as wave motion.  That interaction transforms the tachyon to some other particle immediately. 

So if the tachyon comes outside the universe and hits this plasma ball it sends radiation. And there is the possibility that tachyons are ordinary particles that are hitting our universe from outside it. When we are thinking of conditions that those hypothetical particles are facing when they hit our universe from outside it they are traveling faster than any particle in the universe. Gravitation accelerates them. And when they hit the plasma and quantum fields. They send radiation because their speed is too high for our universe. And that idea is that the particles that origin is outside our universe are tachyons. 

Anyway, even if tachyons existed. Their existence rests in an extremely short moment. And if tachyons are dark energy and dark matter that explains why we cannot measure those things. When tachyon comes to our universe it will immediately turn into a Higgs boson or some yet unknown particle. So that tachyon would send radiation when it turns to som another particle. And could that thing explain why the source of dark energy is unknown? If tachyon existed. Its lifetime is shorter than Higgs boson's lifetime. 

There are three places where we could find those hypothetical tachyon particles. 

1) Outside the Universe

2) Near Black Holes

3) In Boötes Void. 

In that great nothing, every particle travels faster than outside it. So when that hyper-speed particle hits the outer edge of the Boötes void that thing sends radiation. And that radiation pushes particles away from each other. So that kinds of areas can cause cosmic inflation or expansion of the universe. 

When tachyons hit the quantum field they change their form immediately, because they release energy quantum. And that makes it very hard to detect them. The theory goes like this: When a tachyon hits the quantum field, it releases its kinetic energy to that quantum field. That energy impulse covers other tachyons behind it. 

And even if tachyon existed, that particle is a very small and short-living thing. So there is the possibility. That tachyon sends radiation that wave motion is unique. And that radiation is dark energy. The gravitational effect of tachyons is dark matter But confirming this thing, is extremely difficult. And that means the tachyon can remain a theoretical particle. 

The idea of this thought is simple. Because the universe expands the energy travels from it. To the vacuum that is around it. The reason for that is that energy in the universe is higher than in the vacuum around it. And the quantum system is always attempting to reach the minimum energy level. The universe is the largest known quantum system. But there is a vacuum around it. 

And that thing causes that energy flows to that vacuum. The vaporization of material causes the energy level in the universe to rise in comparison to the material. The vaporization means that the material turns to wave motion or superstrings. So superstrings are extremely thin bites of the wave motion. 

There is a possibility that dark energy is a virtual force. That thing forms when at the edge of the universe is nothing that limits the speed of particles and light. In this text "edge of the universe" means the most out plasma the Big Bang released. And outside our universe is no quantum fields and the material is extremely sparse. In that area where the universe impacts with great nothingness material and light travel faster than anywhere else. Otherwise, the gravitation of the universe slows those particles. 

When those particles and superstrings are traveling away from the universe gravitation affects those objects. When giant galaxies are in a straight line with each other. That slows the speed of superstrings and particles. When that thing happens those things are releasing their kinetic energy as the wave motion. 

The thing with gravitation is that it's not stable in the universe. When super-heavy objects are in line gravitation is stronger. And that slowing the speed causes energy impulses. When some particle sends wave motion it sends a little bit of its mass. But the wave motion that the particle sends pushes quantum fields around the particle away. And then another quantum field must fill that thing. 

In another version, the extremely fast particles and wave motion cause an effect that there is some kind of vacuum behind them. If there is a small electromagnetic or quantum tunnel behind particles or superstrings that electromagnetic tunnel will fill by quantum fields. 

When that thing happens those fields impact each other. That thing forms virtual particles. Virtual particles act like real particles. And that could explain why we cannot see dark matter. In that theory, dark matter is the strong quantum field that acts like visible material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/