Showing posts with label images. Show all posts
Showing posts with label images. Show all posts

Thursday, May 8, 2025

The source of the black hole's X-ray radiation is solved.



"This artist’s concept depicts the central region of the blazar BL Lacertae, a supermassive black hole surrounded by a bright disk and a jet oriented toward Earth. The galaxy’s central black hole is surrounded by swirls of orange in various shades, representing the accretion disk of material falling toward the black hole. While black holes are known for pulling in material, this accretion process can result in the ejection of jets of electrons at nearly the speed of light". (ScitechDaily, NASA Cracks 30-Year X-ray Mystery With Blazing Black Hole Light Show)

"The jet of matter is represented by the cone of light that starts at the center of the black hole and widens out as it reaches the bottom of the image. It is streaked with lines of white, pink, and purple, which represent helix-shaped magnetic fields. We can observe these jets in many wavelengths of light, including radio, optical, and X-ray. NASA’s Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) recently collaborated with radio and optical telescopes to observe this jet and determine how the X-rays are generated in these types of celestial environments. Credit: NASA/Pablo Garcia" (ScitechDaily, NASA Cracks 30-Year X-ray Mystery With Blazing Black Hole Light Show)


The black hole's X-ray radiation source is the interaction between high-energy photons and electrons. That interaction happens between electrons that travel almost at the speed of light and the light cone that surrounds the electron beam in the relativistic jet. The interaction means that when the electron and photon collide. That thing forms the high-energy X-ray radiation. When the photon in the light cone comes out from the black hole's center in the relativistic jet. It makes a similar thing to a car that collides with another car's back. 

That collision sends electromagnetic wave movement. When a light cone travels around the relativistic jet that thing sends wave movement into the black hole's jet. That maser effect pushes lots of energy into the relativistic jet. The idea is similar when the laser ray travels through the lighting tubes. Side-coming radiation increases that laser ray's power. 

So when we think about that thing and the gravitational radiation, we can think that gravitational radiation is the extremely high-energy photons. 

The idea of gravitational radiation or gravity waves source in photons is this. The quantum fields around the black holes press the tornado in the middle of that structure. 


If the black hole stops, it releases so much energy, that an energy burst can destroy the black hole. 


When a black hole pulls energy and material in it, its spin accelerates. In that case. A black hole turns more energy and material into kinetic energy. This increases the black hole's size. When the energy flow turns opposite. A black hole starts to release its energy. Its spin slows. That decreases the black hole's mass and size.

So if the black hole's center or singularity stops that releases an extremely high energy load to the black hole. That energy load can detonate the entire black hole. The idea is that when or if the black hole stops it releases so high-level energy bursts into the quantum fields that will blast to the universe. That thing means that a black hole must spin so that it can collect energy from its environment. If a black hole stops it releases lots of energy into its environment. 

And if we want to continue this model with quantum gravitation. That means that all gravity centers act the same way. Quantum gravity is basically the same gravity that things like planets and black holes create. The gravity centers are the group of quantum gravity dots. That means the quantum gravity dot should spin. 

So that it can create a gravity field. The reason why things like wormholes are hard to make or understand is that: the quantum gravity dots should be close enough to each other that they can form the gravity channel or bridge across the universe. 

The idea is that gravity, or quantum gravity dot is like a hole. When energy starts to spin that dot, that can be the hypothetical graviton that the quantum dot harnesses energy from around it. Then that quantum dot creates the hole or channel through the quantum fields or Higgs field. That is the base energy field in the universe. 


The black hole is the key to that channel. It's an extremely high-power version of the quantum gravity dots. The massive combination of the merged quantum dots. 


When a black hole, or its singularity forms that extremely dense object turns the quantum fields into a whirl or energy statue. When that object starts to spin. It binds energy inside it into the form of kinetic energy. That effect causes a situation where the quantum field tries to fill that space. In that process, the black hole pulls quantum fields around that structure. 

That means those quantum fields are starting to push against that energy statute that forms in the black hole's spin axle. That raises the energy level in the statue. The energy statute causes a situation that which energy starts to jump around in the black hole. That causes black hole eruptions where the event horizon moves black and worth. Sometimes very high energy level particles and wave movement can escape from the point, where the event horizon retreats.  

When a black hole pulls lots of material in it, its spin speed rises. When that material ends. The black hole starts to release its energy. Its spin speed slows and it releases a little bit of its mass. In that process, the event horizon moves black. And black hole can release high-energy particles that are just at the point of the event horizon. 


https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-cracks-30-year-x-ray-mystery-with-blazing-black-hole-light-show/

Friday, December 17, 2021

ExoMars discovered water from the Mars Grand Canyon.

  

 ExoMars discovered water from the Mars Grand Canyon.



Image 1


"Artist’s impression of Mars Express. The background is based on an actual image of Mars taken by the spacecraft’s high resolution stereo camera. Credit: Spacecraft image: ESA/ATG medialab; Mars: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin" (ScitechDaily/ExoMars Discovers Hidden Water in Mars’ Grand Canyon – The Largest Canyon in the Solar System)


The finding of water is the big step for the plans that made for creating a manned Mars station in the future. And also that water can use as fuel in the sample returning mission. In the last case, that water will break electrolytically into oxygen and hydrogen. And the rocket that rises samples to orbiter can use those elements as fuel and oxygen. 

A similar mixture is used in the Saturn V rocket's second and third stages. The use of hydrogen and oxygen mean that the rocket is leaving only water behind it. The thing that causes pollution in the hydrogen-oxygen rocket is the electrolytic process. The creation of electricity for the electrolysis requires some kind of power system. 




"ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) has discovered large amounts of water locked up within Mars’ extensive canyon system, Valles Marineris. Credit: From I. Mitrofanov et al. (2021)"(SciTechDaily/ExoMars Discovers Hidden Water in Mars’ Grand Canyon – The Largest Canyon in the Solar System)


Where do we need a Mars station?


The 3D printing system that can use materials that are taken from Mars would make the creation of the Mars station easier. It makes construction work more flexible and faster. So with the first thing that would land on Red Planet would be the chamber where is a 3D printer. That thing makes it possible that every nail and screw must not carry from the Earth to that planet. 

The first Mars station would be primitive. Its purpose is to give experiences about the structures on the surface of Mars. And at the later stage, the mission of those primitive stations is to work as restrooms for crews that are building more capable and larger stations on that planet. But if those construction works can made by using robots everything would be easier and faster.

Robots can operate non-stop, and they would not require humans all the time. So the first thing that lands on Mars could be the 3D printer system that creates robots and tools on that planet. That thing guarantees that there is no need for taking every spare part from the Earth. And also, broken robots can replace very easily. 

In that futuristic Mars -base will test things like closed nutrient circulation. Of course, those futuristic and still theoretical systems. Must have already been tested at the Moon. But on Mars, there is needed nuclear power or some kind of fuel cells that create electricity to the station in the nighttime. 


Image 3: Pinterest


Similar systems can use on the Moon. But Mars is farther away from Earth. If there are some kind of problems on the Moon station the rescue crew will reach it in five days. The Mars station must be more independent. The Mars station might play a big role for asteroid-belt missions and in far away in future, the Mars station might offer a resting place for missions to the outer solar system. 

If we would want to use electrolytic created oxygen in an artificial atmosphere of Mars or some other space station we must remember that pure oxygen is dangerous. If there is a fire at the distant station the pure oxygen causes the detonation. So in that kind of purpose in the gas. Must involve the inhibitor gas that is lowing the reactivity of the gas. 

The thing is that the vegetables and algae are offering a good way to create oxygen for the space station. Those things can use as a nutrient. Then the next challenge is that the Mars station is far away from Earth. The journey to that place will take 260 days. So that thing means that if there is some kind of leak the lost gas must replace. 

In some scenarios, the robots would make the station ready. And then the nutrient and algae are put for growing in that structure. The light and nutrients are dosing extremely carefully. The active carbon filtering systems will work along with biological systems. And that will make the atmosphere suitable, safe, and comfortable for the people who will take their stand in that still hypothetic Mars station. 

The structure can first fill by using carbon dioxide and then vegetables and algae will transform the atmosphere suitable for breathing while the humans are coming to make their stand. In those scenarios, the oxygen is separated by using vegetables and algae that live in the tank. The green algae can be used for killing anaerobic bacteria. That algae are also giving material for genetic research. 

The first Mars station would be primitive. Its purpose is to give experiences about the structures on the surface of Mars. And at the later stage, the mission of those primitive stations is to work as restrooms for crews that are building more capable and larger stations on that planet. But if those construction works can made by using robots everything would be easier and faster. Robots can operate non-stop and they would not require humans all the time. So the first thing that lands on Mars could be the 3D printer system that creates robots and tools on that planet. 

The 3D printing system that can use materials that are taken from Mars would make the creation of the Mars station easier. It makes construction work more flexible and faster. So with the first thing that would land on Red Planet would be the chamber where is a 3D printer. That thing makes it possible that every nail and screw must not carry from the Earth to that planet. 


https://scitechdaily.com/exomars-discovers-hidden-water-in-mars-grand-canyon-the-largest-canyon-in-the-solar-system/


Image 1: https://scitechdaily.com/exomars-discovers-hidden-water-in-mars-grand-canyon-the-largest-canyon-in-the-solar-system/


https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Black holes don’t make information vanish. They just. Transform it into another form.

“Even in the complete absence of external matter, black holes aren’t completely dark, as a very small amount of low-energy radiation gets em...