The universe at the end of the time: the time ends.

When material takes its smallest form. It reaches the minimum energy level. That means the material turns to wave motion or superstrings. And then there is nothing that can change. So there is no time in the superstrings. Superstrings or information remain forever. 

Information itself cannot vanish even if the entire material turns to wave motion. When material turns to wave motion it just takes a new form. So information encrypts itself again when yarn balls turn to straight wave motion. And because information cannot change its form time is ending. 

One form of the time is the vaporization of the material. That means the material turns to wave motion or sometimes somebody says that material or elementary particles are taking the "flat form". So they are turning to superstrings that are traveling in emptiness. In this form material or information reached its minimum energy level. And when the material reaches that level it cannot turn to another form anymore. 

Material and information are the same things. And in all systems information attempts to reach the minimum energy level. At the end of the universe is the point where the energy level of information is lowest as possible. The only place and moment where the energy level was lower were before Big Bang. 

The makes this thing interesting is that there is no time for superstrings. The universe and material will reach their stable form. Because superstrings are the smallest possible parts of wave motion there is no change in those things anymore. But the information that formed superstrings and material remain. 

When the universe ends its material life it reaches the form there is no time. The superstrings are in extremely stable conditions. And their gravitational pool is endless. Theoretically, there is no limited distance of gravitational interaction. The only thing that can slow the speed of photons is gravitation. When a photon travels away from the massive gravitational center. 

Its speed is lower than the speed of a photon when it travels away from the small gravitational center. Because gravitation affects the trajectory of photons it can also affect the speed of photons when the gravitational center is behind the photon. 

The reason why two sand bites cannot pull each other together from another side of this universe is simple. There are multiple gravitational centers. Those gravitational centers are forming disturbances in the trajectory of the gravitational radiation. 

If there is no disturbance there is no limit in the range of gravitational effect. If we think of the end of time and infinite expansion there is no limit to the speed of photons either. And that thing causes interesting idea. Could those superstrings turn back and form another universe? That is a very interesting question. 

When we are thinking of the end of the universe. We are facing one very interesting thing. That universe is cooler and more stable than the modern universe. There are fewer quantum fields, and less material and the gravitational pools of the final black holes are enormous. The information that took the form that we know in the Big Bang exists after the final quark in the universe turned to wave motion. 

But things like wave motion and photons are traveling at speeds that are not possible in our universe. The cosmic speed limit is still the speed of photons. But those photons are traveling at an enormous speed. When some particle hits the material the speed of the impact is higher. But there is no material in another form than in some neutron stars and black holes. That means the universe at the end of time is far different than the universe where we are living now. 

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The reason. That makes gravitation travel the "wrong way" can be found in the center of protons and neutrons.

The base diagram of protons and neutrons is that they are forming of three quarks. The structure of those particles is much more complicated than those three quarks. 

We all know that gravitation is its wave motion or radiation. And the gravitational radiation seems to travel the wrong way. That means. There should be some kind of gravitational version of the low-pressure area in the material. That thing can be the quantum-size black hole in the middle of all particles that have mass. 

In that theory, the key element is that the superstrings are the radiation of the quantum-size black holes. If that quantum-size black hole is small enough, that thing can roll the superstring around it like a yarn ball. 

So there is the possibility that the thing that causes gravitational wave motion to travel to the material can be found in the middle of protons and neutrons. There is the possibility that graviton is the small-size quantum black hole that collects the quarks around that point. 

If those quantum-size black holes are real and if quarks are forming entirety called protons and neutrons around them. That thing could explain dark energy. There is also the possibility that the gravitational impulses from some super energy phenomena can form when those quantum black holes are forming entirety. 

There is a possibility that cosmic inflation causes the gravitational radiation travels to the material center. Gravitation is a thing that is different than other forces. So there is one possibility that can make that thing possible. 

When we are looking at the image above this text, it shows how quarks are in the proton. When the quantum field around those quarks expands or the quarks are oscillating. That thing will cause quantum vacuum or quantum low-pressure between those particles. 

There is the possibility that the gravitational wave travels just through the middle of those quarks. 

And that electromagnetic low-pressure can pull the superstrings that form the gravitational radiation to material. When we are thinking about the form of material there is the possibility that gravitational waves are traveling just through the middle of those three quarks. 

In that case, the gravitational radiation could be like the pike that can travel through the quantum fields of the protons and neutrons. That means that thing is the reason why the gravitational interaction is so weak. 

https://www.desy.de/news/news_search/index_eng.html?openDirectAnchor=829

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

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There are limits on energy that the system can keep inside.

 

Temperature cannot go below the minimum temperature of the system. Temperature is one version of energy. So energy level in the system cannot rise over the maximum or go below the minimum of that system. Or the system cannot keep that thing inside it. 

The base energy level in the system is individual. So that means that we would be creatures that are born on the planet Venus average temperature for us would be over 500 Celsius. On Earth, the climate average is about 13,5 degrees Celsius. But the Earth is separated from Venus.

Another thing is that the system itself cannot create energy. Energy must come outside of those systems.

Energy cannot form from emptiness. It requires a material that turns to energy. So when we are thinking about the Big Bang. All energy (we can call energy as well wave motion) and particles are released into the universe. But the thing that makes this thing interesting is that wave-particle duality requires that wave motion crosses another wave motion. 

Energy can turn into material. And the material can turn into energy. That mean. During the Big Bang, the universe got all energy it has. But again, where came crossing wave motion? For creating material the wave motion must turn into a ball. And that is impossible if all superstrings are moving in the same direction. Superstrings are the moving parts of wave motion. 

When we are thinking about systems their energy level can be individual. The problem is that we cannot observe the system where we belong. When we are inside the system we cannot observe its entirety. If we think that the room is the system where we are, we can see one corner or opposite wall. But there is always a part of the space behind us. 

In the system, energy travels from the higher energy level to the lower level. The zero Kelvin or absolute zero point is the temperature where motion ends. 

The zero Kelvin degrees is the temperature where Helium turns to ice. That temperature is -273,15 degrees Celsius. That thing means that it is impossible to reach the temperature below this point called absolute zero. But the temperature of the universe is four degrees over zero Kelvin. And that thing is called "cosmic background". 

But then we can think that there is a possibility to reach a temperature below that -273,15 degrees Celcius. In that zero Kelvin temperature, there is still motion. Electrons are orbiting atoms. And that thing means that if we can stop those electrons we could make a temperature that is below zero Kelvin. 

If we would pull all electrons very close to the atom or deny their motion some other way it's possible to reach a situation where even electrons are stable. That thing would be the temperature far below the magic absolute zero Kelvin degrees. 

So when we are in our universe the end of motion is zero Kelvin degrees. And here we must start to use our imagination. The absolute zero point of temperature would not be the same as a hypothetical organism that lived in the young universe where the temperature is about a million degrees of Celsius. 

In that universe, the absolute zero degrees is million degrees Celsius. The reason for that is the base energy level or temperature of that young universe was a million degrees Celsius. But for the organism that lived inside the system. That temperature would be the minimum in that universe. 

The moment when the quantum systems meet

Image 1

 

Maurits Escher's drawings "Section of Relativity" (Image 1), "House of Stairs" (Image 2) and "Waterfall" (Image 3) can use to introduce quantum systems. 

The rule in quantum systems is that if two quantum systems are impacting, they can form a new stable system only if their energy level is the same. If the energy levels of those systems are different. The system that is in a higher energy level continues its journey and breaks the symmetry. And a new quantum system will be broken. 

So that's why fusion tests should be used particles, that have the same energy level. If energy levels are different the quantum system will not last long enough that new particles can form. The asymmetry in energy causes the particle in a higher energy level will travel through the particle that is at a lower energy level. 

There is a couple of rules in quantum systems. Quantum systems can be horizontal or vertical. The frequency of quantum systems determines their place horizontally. And the energy level determines its vertical position. 

All quantum systems are part of another, larger quantum system. The universe is the largest known quantum system. And that means all other quantum systems are part of at least one quantum system called the universe. 

The energy level of the quantum system rises until it reaches the maximum possible level. And then the quantum systems start to lose energy. The fact is that energy is wave motion. And the requirement of the energy transfer to the quantum system is that the frequency of wave motion can resonate with those particles. 

Image 2

The exchange of information requires that another quantum system is at a higher energy level. If we want to make two-way communication between two quantum systems we must change their energy level. The sending or "talking" system must be always at a higher energy level than receiving or "hearing" system. 

The rise of the energy level requires that the quantum system gets energy from outside. The energy level in the quantum system rises until energy stress ends. The quantum system starts to deliver energy when energy stress ends. 

Complex quantum systems can contain multiple energy sources but they can be inside quantum subsystems. And they can interact only through those quantum subsystems. That means those energy sources are normally unreachable for actors that are outside of those subsystems. 

Hierarchic quantum systems are like towers. They require energy to keep their form. If energy is gone the quantum system collapses. So in that case the "tower-looking" quantum system turns into a flat quantum system. 

In the "Section of Relativity", another mummy, that we can call "boy" in this text is coming down from the upper energy level. And another boy is raising in stairs. Those boys in the image could introduce two quantum subsystems in the entirety of hierarchical quantum systems.

Image 3

 

That other boy is at a higher level and carries a tea set. And that means that boy had a different mass than the boy who is rising on energy stairs. That tray makes that boy or quantum system also asymmetric. Those boys or quantum subsystems are facing just in the middle of the main system. 

When quantum systems are changing their information they must have the same frequency. And another principle is that they must be hierarchic. That means another quantum system must have a higher energy level. The thing in quantum communication is simply the quantum systems must have the same frequency but different energy levels so that the information can flow. If we want to transfer the particle from the first quantum system to another quantum system, we must have the same frequency as another quantum system. Or we cannot exchange information between those particles. 

Being in the middle of the quantum system doesn't mean that the particle is a member of the quantum system. "Membership of the quantum system" means that the particle can exchange information with other particles. 

That's why we cannot see dark matter. Dark matter has a different frequency. And it belongs to a different quantum system than visible material. In the same way, the creature is made of dark matter. We cannot see material that is visible to us. 

The door is the quantum gate. The boys must walk through that quantum gate, But the problem is that in quantum systems they must make the side step. This is the reason why quantum communication is somehow so complicated. If we want to exchange information between two quantum systems we must find the energy level that is common to both of them. 

That is the maximum energy level of the quantum system. Then we must simply take the group of the particles and wait that the dominating particle group re-adjust the recessive particle group. And if we want to exchange information between dark and visible material we must find the maximum energy level of the universe. The ability to exchange information between systems makes systems visible to each other. 

So there is needed the asymmetrical energy impulse that the quantum system can make that sidewalk, step in the quantum gate, and switch the quantum system. But the fact is that even though those boys are members of the larger quantum system they cannot exchange all information. Their frequency is not the same. 

The quantum system that comes from the higher energy level adjusts the particle that has a lower energy level to a new frequency and energy level. The reason for that is the exchange of information is always interaction. And when those quantum systems face the system, that is in upper energy level can continue its way only if it has energy left. If the energy level of those systems is the same. They are forming one stable system. 

But in that case, the system freezes at that level. This is why the fusion experiments should use the same energy level in particles that are impacting together. 

Images: Wikipedia

Why do photons have no mass?

When we are looking at the two forms of light, particles and wave motion we can try to find the answer to the strange abilities of the photon. There is the possibility that when a photon stretches to wave motion or superstring it turns flat. So when a photon hits particles its impact area is so small, that it cannot cause enough large-size impact area. 

The situation is similar to when a bullet hits the house. That bullet cannot destroy or affect all houses because the impact area is so small. So the bullet makes a small hole in that house. 

Same way when a flat photon or superstring travels in space. And impacts material. There is the possibility that it just pushes the quantum field around particles away. The idea is that the particle's quantum field is not a uniform structure. The quantum fields around particles are a series of superstrings or quantum lightning that is forming a structure that looks like a whisk. 

The force of that quantum lightning or quantum strings can be unique. And that makes it possible that qubits can have multiple quantum states at the same time. 

When photons are impacting quantum lightning. It will transfer energy to those quantum strings. That energy pushes those quantum strings away from each other. It makes it possible that photons can tunnel themselves through particles. This thing denies interaction between the photon and other particles. 

So could the tunneling effect be the reason why the interaction between photons and other particles is so weak that measuring the mass of the photon is hard or even impossible to measure? Or is the impact area of photons so small that it starts to tunnel through the particles before the measurements can be done? 

Strange gravitation.

Strange gravitation. 

The shape of gravitation is a wave motion. And because it's wave motion. That thing means that gravitation acts like all other wave motions. So when wave motion impacts particles their effect is similar to when two cars are impacting. When two objects are impacting the kinetic energy transforms to wave motion. The energy or wave motion that begins from the impact point will travel through the object which can be a car, particle, etc. 

And then that wave motion continues its movement behind the object. If impacting objects are cars people will hear that wave motion as the sound. When that impact happens at the quantum level the impacting wave motion faces the quantum field that forms the particle. And that quantum field moves backward like jelly. Then the wave motion continues to travel behind the object. 

When gravitation hits the nose of the particle the wave motion continues to travel backward of the particle. The reason for that is that energy travels always from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. And that difference between the two energy layers is called the potential difference. When wave motion travels through the quantum system it will deliver or get energy from the quantum system. And that thing causes the material would fall to the gravitational center. 

If the distance between begin and end of the object is long. That means that the system reaches a stable condition longer time. Stable condition or energy stability is the situation where begin and end of the track of the wave motion are the same. And that thing means that the energy flow in the system ends. 

Can the superstring theory explain why gravitation is so weak? 

Superstring theory describes particles as the whisk or yarn ball-looking quantum fields. The superstrings are the wave motion or quantum lightning that form the quantum field. 

The whisk-shaped form where superstrings are traveling over the poles makes the particle can have multiple quantum states at the same time. That thing means that every single superstring can have a different energy level or quantum state, 

The idea is that the gravitational radiation must travel through the superstring that is like serpentine. The catching area of the radiation is very large, but the problem is that gravitational radiation must travel through that superstring. 

When we are thinking about superstring as the paper serpentine the thickness of that paper is not very big. And there is no time to transfer information to the superstring. 

So why gravitation is the weakest of all forces? 

So why gravitation is the weakest of all forces? The answer might be easier than people ever imagine. The idea is that the wavelength of the gravitation waves is so short that the gravitation will impact the superstring. Because a superstring is extremely thin far thinner than some quarks or even gluons the energy difference between two layers is so small that the wave motion travels through that superstring causing an extremely small potential difference. 

The reason why gravitation affects long distances can be that the superstrings are very long. So the area that receives the gravitational wave is so large that it can receive enough gravitational radiation. But the depth of that superstring is so small that the potential difference between the side that is closer to the gravitation source and the side that is away from that source is very small. 

The superstring is like some kind of serpentine. The length of that thing can be very long. But the thickness of those papers is so small. The gravitational effect will affect straight through that superstring, not across it. And that means there is so little time to collect energy. 

The length of the superstring is very long. And also the width of the superstring can be large. but the thickness of that thing is so small that it makes gravitation weak. So catching area for gravitation would be large, but that radiation has a very short time to tunnel through the superstring. And that time will not give time to transfer information or energy to the superstring, 

Wave-particle duality and gravitation. 

The gravitation is the wave motion that behaves like all other wave motions. The limit of the speed of gravitational radiation is the speed of light. So gravitation can make whirls, it can reflect. 

Wave-particle duality means that the gravitation can also take the shape of the particle and otherwise.  And when two very powerful gravitational fields are impacting there is the possibility that those fields are jumping out from each other. In some wild theories, the gravitation can turn even solid if the gravitation field is powerful enough. 

Image: Pinterest

See also:

Black holes¨

Gravitational waves

Graviton

Standard model

Superstrings

Theory of Relativity

Wave motion

Was the Big Bang exist or not?

We should describe the Big Bang as the moment when the material was released into three-dimensional spacetime. Or otherwise saying we should say that during the Big Bang the material took shape, as we know it. The question is where does that material come from?

Of course, it came out from some kind of singularity. But where did that singularity come from? The Big Bang was the beginning of material, but it was not the beginning of space. 

Reality is a form of wave motion that can form particles. And particles can turn to wave motion. This is called wave-particle duality, but wave motion or particles cannot form from nothingness. There are introduced things like multiverse theory and phoenix universe theory. But they do not answer where the first galaxy came from. 

The next part is an oversimplified model of the Big Bang theory. And as you will see there are a lot of weaknesses in that model. Things like collisions of galaxies mean that the distance of every galaxy does not increase. 

Since it was introduced. The Big Bang Theory dominated physics and astronomy along with cosmology.  The theory goes like this. All material and energy in our universe formed in a great explosion called "The Big Bang" and the thing that supports this theory is an expansion of the universe. 

The distance between all galaxies seems to expand. And that thing should prove the existence of the Big Bang. But if we think like this we would think wrong. We would bypass things like collisions of galaxies and other things like the geometrical shape of the universe. 

If we see the shape of the visible universe as the ball where the Big Bang was in the middle of it we would face a situation where galaxies on another side of the universe seem the same size as galaxies near us. 

The thing is that if we would live in the ball-shaped form.  The Big Bang happened in the middle of that ball, and we would see the galaxy that is on another side of that ball. If we want to compare the Big Bang with nuclear explosions. We might think, that there is a great void or some kind of vacuum in the middle of the universe. 

That vacuum or void causes the scattering and quantum fields are not slowing particles like they are doing outside that void. So when light travels through this kind of void. That is similar to Boötes void its trajectory turns. 

When a photon travels through that vacuum or void it loses less energy than it should. Or the energy or wave motion will release only backward to that photon. Energy can travel between quantum systems only if those quantum systems can interact with each other. 

And the Big Bang point would be in the middle of us and that another galaxy. That means that our distance to the point where the Big Bang happened is the same as both galaxies.

The shape of the visible universe seems to be a ball. But there is the possibility that dark matter changes the model of the universe's geometry differently. 

Dark matter is the strange gravitational effect in the universe. There is made lots of work with this material. And some people believe that dark matter is the virtual gravitational effect that is forming because the impacting gravitational waves are rising higher. 

There is the possibility that dark matter is the virtual material that forms this gravitational effect. The virtual gravitational effect could mean that gravitational waves that are impacting each other will rise higher. So that thing causes a similar gravitational effect as so-called real particles. But virtual particles are acting like normal particles. 

Material and wave motion cannot form from emptiness. 

The biggest weakness in the Big Bang theory is where the matter which formed the universe came from. Big Bang was an event that released material and energy to third-dimensional spacetime. So the Big Bang was the event where the energy level of the material reached a certain level. 

Even in the simplest models of the Big Bang Theory material was released in space. So the Big Bang was the event where material reached the energy level that anchors it in the third dimension. In some visions, the giant singularity erupted and released material that formed the universe. But then again, where did that singularity come from? 

In some other versions, the material fell from the fourth dimension and released the electromagnetic pressure wall that formed material in the form as we know it. But that thing requires that there is some kind of wave motion in the third dimension. And that causes a similar question again: where did that wave motion come from? 

Were there other places in space where material fell from the fourth dimension? Falling from the fourth dimension means that material would start to lose energy so fast that the fourth dimension's quantum fields cannot replace it.  In that theory, the dimensions are only energy levels where the size of the particles and their oscillation are different. So that thing makes this material that is at higher energy level unable to interact with lower energy level material. 

The weakness of all models of the beginning of the universe is that they don't answer the question of what was before that mysterious event called the Big Bang. There is the possibility that the crossing wave motion causes an effect called "wave-particle duality". That means impacting wave motion forms quarks and gluons. And then those elementary particles turn into more complicated particles. The problem is where that wave motion came from. 

In some theories, the impacting wave motion turned to the particle. And in total emptiness were no quantum fields that can limit the expansion of that particle or its quantum field.  And that expanding quantum field formed whirls that turned into elementary particles. 

https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220105-what-existed-before-the-big-bang

https://www.livescience.com/65254-what-happened-before-big-big.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_void

How strong is strong nuclear force?

Image 1:)

Strong nuclear force holds 99% of the universe's mass. That means its strongest known interaction. And somebody has introduced that gravitation is strong interaction that leaks from the atoms. The strong interaction is an interaction between quarks and gluons.  

The strong interaction is the reason why the annihilation reaction is so powerful. And that reaction where antimatter faces material is the only known reaction where a strong nuclear force is released. But when we are thinking about the form of the baryons or baryonic hadrons we can focus on why two black holes orbit very close to each other and are sending gravitational waves. The origin of the gravitational waves could be in the gluon tunnels between the quark and gluon. 

The baryon or baryonic hadrons like proton and neutron are forming of three particles called quarks. Or, the most common baryons, protons, and neutrons consist of the quarks and gluons that transmit strong nuclear force between those quarks. When baryonic hadrons are spinning with extremely high speed that structure would act like the boom that throws the wave motion that travels through the quantum field of baryon away from it.

In the same way, the black holes that are orbiting each other are creating the energy bridge between them. So there is the possibility that there are gluon tunnels that are traveling between those black holes. 

Image 2:) Proton

When we are thinking about the mysterious graviton. Researchers could find that still hypothetical particle somewhere between gluon and quark. If we are thinking that the X-rays are coming from quarks and gamma rays come from gluons. That means the next particle in the atom's nucleus could be a graviton. 

Because gravitational waves existed. That means we can call that phenomenon gravitational radiation. Gravitational waves are wave motions like light. So when we are thinking about the spin of gravitational baryons the channel between quarks can throw that gravitational wave motion to the sides of the baryons. 

And maybe the gravitation or gravitational waves are at an extremely high energy level. But the radiation would not transmit energy to the particle. Or the thermal energy will transfer away from it immediately. There are two ways that things can happen. The first way is that gravitational radiation will travel over the particle without touching it. That forms an electromagnetic vacuum behind that particle. 

And the light quantum that the material sends will travel through that shadow. Or the pressure of gravitational radiation pushes energy through the particle. That means the energy flow from the backward of the material is higher than at the front of it. 

One of the reasons for that is the vaporization of the particle. That impacting gravitation radiation causes the asymmetry in the energy field of that particle. But the vaporization of material that is the reason for cosmic inflation means that the gravitation radiation turns stronger in the back of the particle. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-strength-of-the-strong-force-accounting-for-99-of-the-ordinary-mass-in-the-universe/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

Image 1:) https://scitechdaily.com/the-strength-of-the-strong-force-accounting-for-99-of-the-ordinary-mass-in-the-universe/

Image 2:) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

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