The GPS-free navigation

   

 The GPS-free navigation

The GPS-system is playing a vital role in everyday life. That system is required in many everyday applications. But in the military area, the GPS is even more important than people even imagine. The GPS-guided bombs allow the aircraft can close their target freely from any direction. 

The recon satellite must only locate the target from any point of Earth. And then it must just deliver that point to the attack systems. And then the GPS-guided system will fly the aircraft to the target. 

The GPS makes also possible to locate own ground troops very accurate. And then the attack plane can attack the enemy with pinpoint accuracy. And this is the reason why the GPS satellites are the primary targets for the ASAT (Anti-Satellite) weapons. And that is the reason why GPS-free navigation is under development. 

One of the simplest versions of the GPS-free navigation that can operate without GPS is the inertial navigation system. If the inertial navigation systems are operating as series the autopilot can fly the aircraft by using quite complicated routes. If the aircraft can use pre-planned speed, altitude, and turning directions. The GPS that operates by using a series of waypoints can be useful. When the aircraft's speed is known the distance or the length of the vector that it travels is easy to calculate. When the aircraft is reaching the turning point, the system turns it by using the pre-ordered angle. 

Smart weapons can use the inertial navigation system connected to TERCOM-navigation. Engineers created that system originally for cruise missiles. But it can use in regular aircraft and drones. 

The TERCOM system uses the images for traveling to the target. The satellites or other recon systems would take the images of the route that the missile or aircraft should use. And then the system compares the images stored in its memory with the data that its camera and lidar scanners bring to the system.

The inertial and image homing systems can use to aim weapons in cases that the GPS is unable to operate. The system must just need photographs of the target. And then the weapon would deliver at the flight range. Then the imaging seeker locates the target and the system selects the right attack angle and other parameters that are made precisely to a certain type of target. The hardened target requires 90 degrees of the hit. 

If the robot operates on another planet the GPS that records the movements is enough. In the case, that the robot will go to the place where it cannot drive through it must only retake the same movements that it made in the opposite order. This kind of system can use in deserts and other planets. But the GPS-free navigation is required also in robots that are working in everyday life. 

If the navigation and communication between the robot and control center are jammed in the places like tunnels the robot car must not drive backward when that thing is happening. It must drive independently and safely to the area. Where it can reconnect itself to the network. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERCOM

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Quantum computers are solving problems of processor-based multitasking.

 Quantum computers are solving problems of processor-based multitasking.

Quantum computers are solving one of the biggest problems in the computer world. That thing is processor-based multitasking. When we are thinking about binary systems the multitasking is virtual. In Windows- and other multitasking systems the active software is the thing that is driven through the processor. And other open software is waiting until the operating system calls them. 

The activation of the program happens when the user of the system clicks the software and activates the next application. So in the virtual multitasking system, the software or application reserves the entire processor where the data travels. The thing is that most of the time the processor is not using its entire power. And if processor-based multitasking is possible the processor could use a part of its capacity for other missions. 

But in binary systems,  the processor must reserve its entire capacity for the task. There has been made before the artificial intelligence-based solutions wherein the multi-nucleus processors some of the processors are reserved for background tasks. In the multi nucleus processors, the microprocessor would be many microprocessors. And the system can remove some of them from the entirety for making the mission background. 

This kind of ability is making it possible to calculate the series like Riemann's conjecture. Solving this kind of problem like is there some "non-binary" number in calculation series requires extreme long process drive. And the computer time of the most powerful systems is always limited. So the artificial intelligence-based system can swap the task between supercomputers. And that allows making the calculations even years. 

But this kind of thing can make the regular PC:s operations more powerful. But the quantum systems are taking this kind of thing, even more, higher level. When the quantum computer makes multiple tasks at the same time. It can control robots that are operating in very complex areas. The quantum computer simply reserves a couple of its layers for the background operations. 

Processor-based multitasking makes it possible that the robot can make many things at the same time. If the social robot has processor-based multitasking in use it can discuss and walk at the same time. The multitasking microchips make it possible to create a new type of system that is even more powerful. The fact is that the robot must not have an internally quantum system. '

The quantum computer can control the robot over the internet. And the only problem is the communication. That kind of robot needs a very secure and error-free communication line between robot and computer base. 

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

Why shooting a grenade to orbiter is so hard?

   

Why shooting a grenade to orbiter is so hard?

The fictional "Columbiad" could shoot a shell to the moon. The image is from Jules Verne's fictional novel "From the Earth to the Moon". 

Can movement continue forever?

If we are thinking about things that are larger than some quantum-size objects: the answer is no. And the reason for that thing is friction. When a thing like a grenade travels through the air, the ammunition transfers the kinetic energy to the air molecules. And that thing sucks the energy that is loaded into the grenade when it is left from the cannon. 

Another thing that is slowing the grenade or ammunition in the air is the vacuum behind the ammunition. And that thing would pull the projectile backward. So shooting the grenade to the orbiter is a very difficult thing.  Because of those slowing effects, the shell requires an extremely high punch that will break everything inside the shell. 

There is the possibility to make the grenade or other ammunition that flies farther than other grenades simply by denying the form of the vacuum behind the shell. That thing can be made, by making the channel through the shell. 

And that thing would remove the vacuum. There must be some kind of plate behind the shell that will drop away when the shell is leaving the pipe of the cannon. And the air that flows through the grenade denies that the vacuum cannot form.

What means "mirror-friction"? That means the energy travels from the environment to the object. Normally, energy travels out from the object to the air. But if the object has the minimum energy level, that means the energy would travel from the environment to the object. And the movement continues until the energy levels in the object are the same as its environment. 

So what is friction? Friction is the energy transfer from the higher energetic object to the lower energetic area. So there is the possibility that the zero-point energy will make the grenade or ammunition travel even around the Earth. Or maybe that thing would not work on Earth but if the object's energy level is lower than its environment the energy would start to travel from the environment to the shell. 

That object would travel through the atmosphere a very long way. The idea of the ammunition that can travel around the world is basing one simple thing. If that object has a minimum energy level the energy can travel to the object. So that thing is the reflecting the friction. But is that thing possible to make in real life? The thing is that the movement continues until the energy levels are stable. 

http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/content.asp?Bnum=429

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The new bizarre Wigner crystal is made purely of electrons.

 The new bizarre Wigner crystal is made purely of electrons. 

The new large-size Wigner crystal is made of pure electrons. That kind of structure can make it possible to create a new type of time crystals. The time crystals are the thing that is the "quantum-size perpetual motion machine".  The atoms are in repetitive movement in time crystals. 

Which means the energy is surrounding through the atom row. And then it would return to the quantum field that surrounds the atom row which sways back and forth. Making that quantum perpetual machine real the system requires a minimum energy level. 

The thing is that the time crystal can transfer and store data in a quantum computer. But that thing can also use to create zero-point energy. The outcome radiation will increase the energy level of the atoms in the time crystals. 

And that energy can transfer to the Bose-Einstein condensate. But the time crystal can also be used to load electrons to storage. And the electron-based Wigner is one of the most fundamental electric storage in history. 

But the thing is that the Wigner crystal that is made by using only electrons is stopped electricity. That thing can make it possible to create an extremely high energetic battery. If the electrons are stored in the flowing Wigner crystal they can conduct to the electric circuit or particle accelerators. 

There are two ways to increase the speed of the electrons in the electric wire. The first is to increase the number of released electrons. And the second one is to connect the object where is a loss of electrons to the electric wire.  When some atoms are losing electrons that means they are traveling away from it. 

When electrons are leaving their atom. They are leaving a hole in the electron core. The other electrons would fill those places in the electron cores. The flow of electrons and electricity is based on that phenomenon. If the flowing electrons in that pure electron Wigner crystal are surrounded with positive ions the electrons are traveling to the cores of those ions. 

This new Wigner crystal can benefit from the new type of motor and ultra-powerful acoustic solutions. 

If we would make the Wigner crystal by using only electrons. That thing can raise the speed of sound higher than it's in the neutron stars. And that system can make the new type of motors possible. When the soundwave travels through that material it releases its kinetic energy to the air while it slows its speed. 

The speed of sound is increasing when the particles of the material are turning smaller. The metallic hydrogen would make the ultimate membrane for increasing the speed of soundwaves. But if the membrane is made by using protons or neutrons that thing can make it possible to increase the speed of sound to an extreme level. 

When we are thinking about the possibility to send soundwaves through metallic hydrogen. That thing means when the soundwaves would face atmosphere. It would slow and release their energy as in the form of the blast. 

The speed of sound could be 180 000 km/s in the neutron star. But it could be higher in the Wigner crystal. The reason for that is that the electrons are smaller than the neutrons. And the top of the speed of sound would be in the quark material. If somewhere in the star that is formed of the quarks the speed of sound would be even higher in that star than in neutron stars. 

When we think about the speed of sound inside a neutron star it's 60% of the speed of light. If we would make the extremely thin.  And at the same thick material that has the same density as neutron stars. There is the possibility to make the soundwave that travels at extremely high speed. 

The idea is that. There is made the neutron membrane by using neutrons that are pushed together by using electromagnetic fields. Or two Wigner crystals. Then the soundwave would send through that structure. The speed of sound would be extreme when it strikes to air. And when it slows it releases an extremely high energy level. 

That kind of system where the connected neutrons are increasing the speed of sound. Can use as jet engines in the air. But that thing can use to create extremely devastating weapons. Making this thing real there must make a layer where the material is similar to neutron stars. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/physicists-create-a-bizarre-wigner-crystal-made-purely-of-electrons-20210812/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner_crystal

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The black box problem

The black box problem

When we see the black box, we see only the core of the thing. And the thing that is in the box remains a mystery before we open it. 

The black box problem is the thing that we know that there are bites in the box. We know that there is the possibility that there is a DVD. Or any other merchandise in the box. But we don't know what kind of merchandise or item is in that black box. The thing is that. We know what kind of merchandise we order or what should put in the box. There is the possibility that the deliverer has made mistake and sent the wrong box to the wrong place.

We know what should be in the box. But only the physical observation confirms the information. The fact is that we are just assuming the thing that should be in the box. We cannot be sure and confirm the information before we see what is in the box. 

We can predict that there is a certain thing. But we don't know what exactly is in the box. The "black box" testing means that only the functions of the computer program are tested. So there can be many mistakes and errors in the code. 

When we are thinking of the working day it's like a black box. Many things can happen during our day. But we don't know exactly what is happening when we are beginning our day. 

The useless information is the problem.

When we are thinking about the information that we need when we are ordering the things from the net we need to know the color or we need to know the material. But there is one thing that is ever imagined. That thing is what kind of surface that material has. 

What does the material or merchandise feel when we are taking it in hand? And of course, nobody mentioned how large the box is, where the sender packs the merchandise. The information that we get is what the merchandise looks like and what it should feel like? 

But that kind of data would not help us when we go to a shop and buy a box of coffee. That is an example of how specific the data we use is. The same data matrix that is used for ordering merchandise from the internet. Is useless when we are visiting the shop. 

And both of the data matrixes are useless when we are walking on the streets. We don't know anything about the price of the coffee packet. And the color of the skirt while we are crossing the zebra crossing. That is an example of how the information that we use is specific. 

The problem with information is that most information that we get during our lifetime is useless in everyday life. We never imagine how large databases we need. When we are making robots we must program every single action to that robot. 

When we are making a program for the robot that can walk on the streets and open the door the programmer must determine every action that is necessary for those actions. When the robot opens the door it must know how to turn the knob? And then, the robot should know should it push or pull the door. But here we are always, forgetting one thing. That is the power that the robot should use when it opens the door. If the robot uses too much power it will break the locks. 

We want to make robots for making our life easier. And those machines are planned to replace humans in simple, dangerous, and boring missions. But when we are thinking about the possibility to make a robot that helps us in everyday life. Those kinds of systems are quite complicated to make. 

Like hat cleans our house and goes shopping for us. We are facing one thing. Those kinds of systems are quite hard to make.  But when we are thinking about things like robots that are serving us in the future making those systems act safely is problematic. The paradox is this: we can make the artificial intelligence that can find exoplanets near other stars. And we can make a drone that can flight independently in the military area and avoid enemy fire. But we have problems making the robot that goes shop for us. 

The day is like a black box.

When we are making robots that are serving us in everyday actions. We are facing the so-called "black box" problem. That means there is a lot of things that can happen when a robot visits shopping. There can be a car that is parked to the route of the robot. And a robot must evade that object. There is the possibility that there is a zebra crossing where is no light. And in that case, the robot must estimate the distance to cars independently. 

Those things are the most usual things that are happening in everyday life. But then the robot can see the seizures and it should know how to act in that case. There is a lot of things that are happening and what could be happening in everyday life. And the greatest challenge for robots and AI makers is to create robots that can operate in normal life. Is harder to make a robot that can visit to shop for us, and clean our house than some kind of automatic killing machine. 

If that killing machine operates in a conflict zone it must know what the enemy vehicle or an armed person looks like and if the IFF signal of those targets will be red. That robot opens the fire. But when the robot must clean the house. It must follow many things like is there enough garbage bags and make reports of that thing. 

https://interestandinnovation.blogspot.com/

The X-ray emission of Uranus

   The X-ray emission of Uranus

The Chandra satellite has found the X-ray emission from the auroras of Uranus. Mainly those X-ray flares are the result of the high-energetic plasma that hits the upper atmosphere of Uranus. The reason why the particles would get enough high speed.  

And energy level for creating X-rays when they impact the atmosphere of the Uranus is that the magnetic poles of that planet are turned to the sun. The magnetic poles are accelerating the particles that have opposite polarity. 

This thing explains the X-ray emission of the poles of the planet than the X-ray emission of the atmosphere of that planet's equator. That is turning away from the Sun.

 As we all remember, Uranus is laying planet. The reason for that emission is the high-energetic particle rain that causes the X-ray flashes at the upper atmosphere of that planet. The X-ray emission is the thing that uncovers the black holes. But there is something that causes a similar thing in Uranus. Sometimes the rings of that planet are mentioned as the reason for that X-ray radiation. 

The theory goes like this:  small metal atom sticks are turning to the planet. And they would conduct the electrons to the atmosphere of Uranus. That means the small metal bites in the rings are turning the plasma flow from the sun to the electron flow that hits Uranus causing the X-ray radiation. 

But there is another version of that theory. The idea is that Planet 9 is the grapefruit-size black hole and that thing will send the electron shower to Uranus. The fact is that the mystery of those X-ray flares is causing many types of predictions about what can be found in the outer solar system. But mainly those X-rays are coming from the particles of the sun. 

Source:

https://www.livescience.com/planet-nine-little-black-hole.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/images/first-x-rays-from-uranus-discovered.html

The fictional part of the text begins here:

Nikola Tesla made an idea to turn the Earth into a generator. The idea of Tesla was to cover the entire Earth by using a metal net. That would collect energy from the magnetic field of Earth. 

And finally, one futuristic idea which source was the Uranus rings. 

There is an idea that maybe in the future the Earth is surrounding the artificial energy ring. That giant solar panel will deliver energy to the earth in the form of radio waves. That kind of system can deliver energy to the planet that is near its sun. 

But also the distant planets can use energy rings. The idea is that the energy rings are forming of the thin wires, and there are billions of nanotechnical dynamos between those cables. 

The cable rings can orbit around the planet at different speeds. And those dynamos deliver electricity to planet or space station. The simpler version is to make the giant ring below the wheel-looking ring and then that thing can use to turn the entire planet into a power station. The lower ring would be the stator and the outer ring would be the rotor in that giant generator. 

There is also a vision that the giant space station would surround by using the rotating ring. The ring acts as a rotor and the space station would act as the stator. And that thing can turn the giant space station into a power station that delivers energy to clients by using maser-rays. But those things are visions. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

How do quantum computers find and correct their errors?

 How do quantum computers find and correct their errors? 

Quantum computers are powerful tools. And even their researchers don't know the entire power of that system. But without an error-handling protocol, those systems are useless. The thing that the system is powerful doesn't mean that the system is trusted. 

The error handling process must be done before the quantum computers are turning trusted systems. That is delivering confirmed data. The error-location and error-correcting protocols are necessary for making full-function quantum computers. 

How do quantum computers locate and correct errors? Without that ability, the quantum system is useless. In normal or binary computers other computers will check the data. But the problem with a quantum computer is that the system would handle more complicated algorithms than binary computers. 

And the quantum computers might complete the calculation in minutes that takes the binary computers even thousands of years. So the binary computers are useless in this process. 

There is one thing that people must remember when they are talking about quantum computers. Quantum computers are more sensitive than binary computers. 

Things like gravitational waves and fast electromagnetic bursts like GRB:s (Gamma-Ray Bursts) and FRB (Fast Radio Bursts) can affect quantum computers. So that thing means that the error-handling capacity in the cases of quantum computers is in the key role for using them in trusted and confirmed operations. 

One version is to use two or more quantum computers for making the calculations. And if there are errors that would send the solution for the rethinking process. That kind of thing is one of the versions of the problem called error handling. 

Many things can make to ensure the results that quantum computers can get. One of them is to use control calculations. 

The well-known algorithms are giving confirmed results. And they can use for finding errors in quantum computers. 

And if there is a difference between the confirmed result and the result that is forming in quantum computers control drive. The quantum computer and its operator get information that there is an error in the system. Another way to ensure the calculation is to make the process multiple times. And if there are differences between results- There is some kind of mistake.

But before the quantum computer can benefit in full-scale operations. The error probability of that system. Must be determined. That thing can make by sending some simple calculations through the system billions of times. And the difference between answers is telling that there is some kind of error. In history, there is an example of a simple error in the function of the microchip. 

And that thing is called the "1+1 problem". When the microprocessor is handling data. By using extremely high speed. There is the possibility that some of its gates or switches are stuck. That thing causes that the computer will calculate the result of 1+1 being something else than 2. That thing causes problems with data handling capacity. The thing is that quantum computers are extremely powerful tools. 

But there is the possibility that some outcoming effect like GRB (Gamma Ray Burst) or gravitational waves can affect the energy level of the qubit. That thing means that the data is lost or it would release to the wrong states. So in the future. There is the possibility that in space will be satellites that are sending warning about incoming gravitational waves or GRB:s.

https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-quantum-computers-will-correct-their-errors-20211116/

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/