Showing posts with label tokamak reactors. Show all posts
Showing posts with label tokamak reactors. Show all posts

Thursday, January 13, 2022

The writing about natural and artificial stars



The heavy and hot stars are playing a vital role in forming heavy elements.  Massive and hot stars are forming the heaviest elements in the universe. Those blue stars have enough mass and energy for making fusion reactions. That thing makes it possible forming of heavy elements. The life cycle of those very bright stars is very short. But they are forming important elements for planets. 

If there are lots of heavy elements in stars. That can mean that the elements would not return to the universe when stars end their life. The heaviest elements drop in the nucleus of those stars. 

And, during the supernova explosion, the particles in the nucleus of the star are turning into neutrons or they will fall to the black hole. So if that thing happens there is no way to return those particles. And that means those particles are gone forever. The data that is collected from stars can use in fusion research. 


The artificial sun of China is making a record for fusion power. 


The artificial sun of China is making a record for fusion power. The fusion reaction continued for 17 minutes. And during that period the fusion reactor created 126 million kelvin degrees temperature. That temperature is five times hotter than the sun China's Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) is the donut-shaped tokamak reactor. That is one of the most usual fusion reactor concepts. 

The artificial sun is a good example of innovation for China. That thing makes another mark in history. But the thing is that the fusion reactor has more capacity than people even imagine. That kind of system can give electricity to the entire continent. 

And the thing is that if China would have an operating fusion reactor. That is making central government more powerful than ever before. if the central government of China has only one fusion reactor. And there are no other power plants that allow the central government controls the entire power supply in the country. 

There is also another vision of the fusion reactors. And especially the portable systems. The term "portable fusion system" could mean that the fusion reactor is in the mega-ship. That system needs extremely powerful coolers but it has extremely powerful power output. 

Fusion reactor-based power supply can use to give wireless energy support for the entire naval unit. The system can give radio-maser-based energy supply for ships, warships. submarines and aircraft. One of the most interesting innovations in aviation is the plasma engine. 

Also, another interesting thing is the MHD drive (Magneto-Hydrodynamic Drive)  that can use in surface warships and submarines. The MHD system is the particle accelerator that drives ions through the tube. Similar way plasma jet engine will drive the high-energetic plasma through the acceleration channel. Those systems are ready, but they need a power source. 

The outsourced fusion reactor will also make it possible to transmit power to directed energy weapons. And if the system would not have an internal power source they cannot rebel. Those kinds of visions are extremely futuristic.


https://www.foronuclear.org/en/updates/in-depth/what-is-chinas-artificial-sun/

https://interestingengineering.com/new-electric-jet-engine-actually-works-inside-the-atmosphere

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/chinas-artificial-sun-reactor-broke-record-for-nuclear-fusion-180979336/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamic_drive


Image: https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/526065main_x1_anim.gif


Monday, December 20, 2021

First-time fusion reactor released more energy than it absorbs.

 First-time fusion reactor released more energy than it absorbs.



Image 1 Tokamak reactor


I have written before that while we are waiting for fusion power. We should also develop other choices for energy solutions. The thing is that fusion power is near to its breakthrough. But same time nobody knows when the first commercial fusion system is starting to produce energy. So we should not put all toys in the same box. 

But the case that fusion power creates more energy than its fuel absorbs. Is a breakthrough, that nobody expected to see. The fusion power plant could use the pulsing system where the power unit produces energy as the pulses. The thing is that in this case, the energy can transfer to the battery platform. And then it can deliver to the electric network. 

Those batteries can be high-voltage capacitors which are storing the power that is released. When the fusion reactor is delivering its energy. The thing is that the pulsing fusion reactor is not necessary the torus-looking Tokamak reactor. 

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Image 2

"Simplified diagram of the beam path of a NIF laser beam. One of 192 similar beamlines". 


"On the left are the amplifiers and optical switch. And on the right is the final spatial filter, switchyard, and optical frequency converter. "(Wikipedia, National Ignition facility)


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The pulsing fusion reactor can look like a ball. And in that system. There could be the "canon" that shoots the ampules that are filled with fusion fuel to the middle of the chamber. Or two cannons are sending the ionized fusion fuel to the middle of the chamber where those jets are stressed with symmetrical microwaves and lasers. 

In that "ball model" is used the similar technology that is in use in the NIF(National Ignition Facility). If we are thinking of a possibility to shoot the fusion material to the middle of the chamber by using small ampules. That thing makes it possible to control the reaction better. The fusion material can be in the form of an ion and anion. 

That thing makes it possible to create a lightweight, easy-to-control fusion reactor. And the requirement for the success of that system is that it could create more energy than the fuel and the heating process absorb. 

But theoretically, it's possible to create the basket-ball size fusion reactor that bases the idea that the lithium or ionized materials are shot in the middle of the reactor. Those kinds of reactors can use as the power source for the aircraft. 

And then that system can ignite the fuel. There is also the possibility to use some heavier ionized gases where the ion and anion are impacting. In that impact, the point is pointed laser rays and another type of electromagnetic radiation that makes ions and anions melt together. 

https://www.energy.gov/science/doe-explainstokamaks

https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/us-fusion-reaction-generates-more-energy-than-absorbe/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility


Image 1:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak


Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ignition_Facility


Image 3: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/NIF-engineering-prototype-target-Figure-4-Schematic-of-the-cryogenic-ignition-target_fig4_231079611


Image 4: https://throughthelookingflask.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/nif-drawing.jpg



Gluons and the strong nuclear interaction.

When we think about energy flow from the strongest to the weakest. Free energy. That causes an atom’s decay. It is formed. Or. Released in t...