Miksi koiralla sekä hämähäkeillä on turkki

Miksi koirilla on turkki ja ihmisillä hiukset. Syy tähän on yksinkertaisesti se, että turkki suojaa koiria sekä kissoja auringon ultraviolettisäteilyltä, ja samalla tuo suoja takaa sen, että turkki suojaa myös ihosyövältä. Mutta se ei toki ole noiden nisäkkäiden karvoituksen ainoa tarkoitus, koska esimerkiksi melaniini suojaa ihosoluja UV-säteilyltä myös hyvin tehokkaasti. Ja melaniinin tehtävä on tehdä solujen sisustasta himmeä, jotta UV-säteily ei ulotu solun perimäainekseen ja vaurioita sitä. Mutta esimerkiksi angorakanien karva suojaa tuota pientä jyrsijää käärmeiltä sekä linnuilta, koska tuo pitkä karva tarttuu varsinkin matelijan kurkkuun kiinni.

Kuva II

Ja tietenkin se suojaa myös kylmältä viimalta. Nämä taitavat olla kaikille tuttuja asioita, mutta sitten voidaan kysyä, että mitä hämähäkki (Kuva II) tai kimalainen tekee turkillaan? Toki ne saavat siitä myös eristettä viimaa vastaan, vaikka pääasiassa niiden lihasten tarvitsema lämpö syntyy pienten lihasväristysten ansiosta. Mutta tuolla turkilla on sellainen tehtävä, että se estää lepakon tai hyönteissyöjälintujen kaikuluotainsignaalien kimpoamisen hyönteisen pinnasta. Eli kyseessä on luonnon oma STEALTH-teknologia, mikä pelastaa nuo pienet lentäjät hämärässä saalistavilta hyöntessyöjiltä, jotka paikantavat saaliinsa lähinnä äänimittaimen perusteella.

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