Gravitons, photons, and string theory.

Above: A spiral galaxy is actually a material disk around a supermassive black hole. 

If a graviton is the black hole in the middle of a photon that thing is a small but very powerful particle. When we look at the black holes in the universe we can see that those phenomena pull material into them from extremely large areas. The Sagittarius A’s size is about the same as the solar system. But it forms a spiral galaxy around it. 

That means that if the photon is a structure that is formed around the quantum-size black hole, that means the quantum black hole could be the graviton, the missing gravitation transmitting particle. But that particle is extremely small if we compare it with a photon. In this model, the photon is an energy ring that locks that quantum black hole into its form. That means photons are the energy field that denies the quantum black hole explosion. 

Or if the superstring or string theory is true we can say that if a photon is lost. That pushes a black hole into that superstring. An energy field that falls behind it impacts the superstring. In string theory, superstrings form all particles and energy fields. Those strings can be like rings, or they can be very long lines. And that means those 2D strings form everything. 

The idea is that the hypothetical superstring that the photon surrounds acts like a thermal pump that puts energy flow away from that point. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

The question is how can that thing form? The answer could be in the Kugelblitz black hole. The black hole can form from energy or from superstrings. The idea is that the photon that we see is an energy ring around the superstring. When the energy that comes out starts to push that string in that point, that makes energy move in and on that string. Superstring can be thinner than quark. But it can be as long as the diameter of the universe. So, when the energy level in that point starts to rise it puts energy to move out from that point. The rising energy level at that point puts energy moving faster at that superstring. 

That thing starts to pull energy out from that point so fast that all wave movement goes with that thing. In this model, the photon is the impact field around the superstring that cannot take all energy away from that point. The photon is the energy field that outcomes energy locks around the energy hill that makes energy move in the superstring. This means the black holes are like extremely powerful thermal pumps that make energy flow away from the point where they are so fast that quantum fields around them start to travel to that point with such high speed that light or any other wave movement cannot escape from that point. 

When we think that a photon is the ring-shaped energy field around some kind of superstring, the next question is how that superstring turns into a supermassive black hole. That happens when those superstrings are starting to tie around each other like a rope. That kind of thing can form extremely large black holes. But the requirement is that those structures must not let energy away from them. So maybe at least large-size Kugelblitz black holes cannot form in the modern universe. There is so much free space or surrounding quantum fields are so weak that the rope-shaped structure of superstrings will be broken. 

The black hole is in the interaction between it and its environment. Outcoming energy or quantum fields press that structure together. And in the young universe, those quantum fields were much stronger than in our universe. They pressed those superstrings together. And that means it's possible that in the very young universe the Kugelblitz black holes formed before material. That is one way to think about the most interesting phenomenon in the universe. Proving that thing requires proving string theory. And that is not an easy thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

The eternal question is: which came first, material or black holes?

"An illustration (not to scale) of a primordial black hole growing to supermassive size. (Image credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, Tiny ‘primordial’ black holes created in the Big Bang may have rapidly grown to supermassive sizes)

If Kugelblitz- or black holes formed of radiation could be possible that explains how black holes could form before materia. In a very young universe, there was only radiation and energy. The thing that causes discussions is the question of which came first, black holes or regular material. 

And did those primordial black holes form even before photons? Theoretically, it is possible to press a photon into a black hole by surrounding it with a thin energy string. If that energy string or energy lasso pumps enough energy to the photon it can turn into a small black hole. There is another possibility that allows that black hole to form straight from radiation. 

That thing is that it’s possible that the radiation forms the energy pool. That large low-energy space can cause a situation where energy falls into the middle of it. That fallen energy impacts in the middle of that point. And there, the energy level rises so high, that there is a black hole. Theoretically, those Kugelblitz black holes are possible but they need lots of energy. And maybe those things could form in the young universe where the energy level was higher. But they cannot form in the modern universe, except in special situations where two black holes explode near each other. That can cause so high energy radiation that it can from the Kugelblitz.  

In models, photons are wheel-shaped energy fields. There is a possibility that photons can form from “emptiness”. Or if two quantum fields impact each other they can form photons. And it's possible that some systems can press photons into the small, quantum-sized black hole. The photon itself is like some donut, so that causes the theorem that the graviton, the hypothetical gravitation transmitter particle, could be a quantum-size black hole that is in the middle of the photon. So if the graviton is in the middle of the photon, we can make an induction model, where dark matter could be gravitons or quantum black holes without that halo. 

The cosmic vacuum can also form light. The idea is that the vacuum makes energy travel into that bubble. When that energy field impacts the vacuum’s wall, it turns those fields into light. So the light is the wave movement that forms in the impacts of those quantum fields. It’s like noise that forms when water flow impacts the water surface. 

Primordial black holes could form straight from radiation that escaped from the Big Bang. 

In this case, the event called Big Bang means the event or series of events that formed the universe as we know it. That even could be some kind of black hole explosion or something else that made energy move. When that event happened it sent radiation across the space. Then a little bit of that radiation or superstrings that formed the radiation turned around. That caused the superstring to turn around some other radiation packages. And that caused the energy level to rise at that point. 

If photons existed in that time, the radiation string that surrounded the photon could start to pump energy into it. And that could form the first black hole. There was more radiation and the energy level in the young universe was far higher than in the modern universe. So if something formed the primordial black hole that thing will get more energy than black hole that exists in the modern universe. And that means even the primordial black holes could grow into enormous size faster than in the modern universe. 

Researchers are really interested in things like Kugelblitz black holes. Those things can offer a new way to transport information. They can form the other side in the superpositioned and entangled particle pairs. But those may be microscopic black holes that offer new types of energy sources. They can also offer the possibility to see details of the subatomic particles by benefiting those black hole jets. The fact is that those black holes can be very stable if outside energy cannot let energy flow away from that point. 

https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a65046120/light-from-nothing/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/black-holes/tiny-primordial-black-holes-created-in-the-big-bang-may-have-rapidly-grown-to-supermassive-sizes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

Singularities don’t die.

"An illustration of a black hole with its mysterious singularity indicated by a glowing white light (Image credit: Robert Lea (created with Canva))" (Space.com, Laws of physics are still broken: Attempt to explain away black holes' central singularity falls short, scientist says)

Since 1915 singularities have been a key element in the black hole models. The singularity is an extremely dense material where quantum fields and subatomic particles are melted into one entirety. In those models, singularities form when a star collapses and the outcoming energy or wave movement smashes those electrons and quarks along with the quantum fields into a state where all of them are one. 

The entire star’s mass is in its entirety that is smaller than atoms. And that means material density determines its weight. The Schwarzschild radius means the distance of the event horizon from the singularity. The singularity spins very fast and that causes the gravity effect. The singularity rolls quantum fields from around it into the center of the black hole. And then the problem with this model is this. The black hole should grow endlessly. 

The question is always where that material and energy that a black hole pulls inside it goes. There is a possibility that the black hole’s structure makes the gravitational channel through the universe. But in that case, the black hole doesn’t need singularity. The problem with the black hole models is that the black hole must put the energy that it creates somewhere. If string theory is true, that explains that a black hole puts energy and material into extra dimensions. And in string theory, there are at least 11 extra dimensions. 

The model means that every dimension is the energy state. Dimensions are like floors in the house. When the energy level difference between two particles is high enough that thing means that those two particles lose their ability to exchange information. The reason why anything cannot cross the speed of light in the normal universe is that the particle cannot get enough energy to jump over that wall or roof. When a particle tries to jump to a higher dimension it makes a hole in the energy roof of the 3rd. Dimension. And then the energy that comes from higher dimensions pushes it back. 

The particle loses its ability to bind energy because the quantum field around it jumps away, and the particle starts to deliver energy. Or when a particle closes the speed of light energy that comes from a higher dimension, or energy level pushes it flat. And that increases the power of the electromagnetic shadow behind the particle. That shadow acts like a vacuum behind an object that flies in the atmosphere. That electromagnetic shadow pulls the particle backward and denies its acceleration. The particle goes to the state where it delivers more energy than it can get. And that stops the acceleration. 

But that thing doesn’t happen in black holes. The black hole rolls quantum fields inside it. And that means the field around the particle moves very fast. The field doesn’t let particles send radiation. When gravity turns so strong that it will not let even light escape to the point called event horizon, the particle rides in the field. The situation is similar as the river takes something in it. When that field or space travels faster than the speed of light, but the particle is in that field the relative speed between field and particle is zero. The outcoming field pushes particles and fields from the back. 

And then there are two ways to close things that happen next. If the extra dimensions exist, the black hole sends those particles and energy into those extra dimensions. Or rather saying to the fourth dimension. Dimensions are like floors in the house. The dimensional model, or string theory requires that a particle or object must travel through all dimensions. The other way is that the particle goes into a wormhole or energy bridge and travels across space and time. The reason why the black hole can press particles into higher dimensions is that it packs so much energy into it that it can reach those higher dimensions. 

The black hole pulls energy and material from such a large area that the energy and material of the outcome push everything on the event horizon. All black holes lose their mass all the time. The wormhole model explains that thing as the channel that travels through the black hole. That channel or superstring transports energy out from the black hole. That energy bridge acts like a thermal pump that transports mass and energy out from that monster. 

Or the expansion of the universe causes the black hole to get less energy all the time. That causes black hole evaporation. Black holes are the most powerful effects in the universe. Its existence requires the outcoming quantum fields and material. If that flow into the black hole ends, energy from the black hole breaks out. And that detonates that thing immediately. 

Maybe all black holes are not similar. That means that maybe, some of them have singularity, and maybe some of them don't have that object. It’s possible that it takes hundreds of years to make models of what happens inside black holes. Maybe, stellar mass black holes are different from supermassive black holes. But those things are speculation. Proving some of those models requires proof of string theory and wormholes. And that requires complete quantum and gravity models. So, there is lots of work to do if we want to fit black holes into the universe. 

https://www.space.com/astronomy/laws-of-physics-are-still-broken-attempt-to-explain-away-black-holes-central-singularity-falls-short-scientist-says

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_radius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Do we live in a black hole?

Maybe, the Big Bang was not the beginning of everything. The black hole cosmology claims. The universe came from a black hole that detonated or separated from some larger entirety. 

This is one of the most interesting questions in the history of cosmology. The idea about the black hole universe that separated from the bigger universe. And exploding is not new. German scientist Karl Schwarzschild made that original model in the early 20th. Century. The thing that makes that theorem where the universe is in the black hole a big thing is that it can give answers to questions about where material and radiation that formed the Universe where we live came from. That theorem is the base of the Phoenix universe, and metaverse-type theories there the universe where we live is only one of the universes. 

This gives the answer to the question of where material and wave movement came from, as I just wrote. But it doesn’t give an answer to the question of where the ultimate beginning is. The thing that will make the black hole cosmology a little bit hard to understand is the time. When we think about the time dilation in the black hole, the logical thing is that time travels in the opposite direction in the black hole. The logical conclusion begins with the time dilation model. When escape velocity reaches the speed of light time will stop. And when escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light time starts to travel backward. 

So that is the evidence against black hole cosmology? Should time travel backward in the universe? The question seems to have a simple answer, but then the black hole is more complicated than we even imagine. There are models that when we go into the black hole the escape velocity would rise. That means the time would turn around multiple times before it reaches the center of the black hole. But then we can think about the observations that are made about gas giants like Uranus. When an object closes that gas giant first the entire mass pulls that object to it. When an object falls through the atmosphere there is less mass before it. 

And that means there is lower gravity on the Uranus rocky shell. The gravity at the edge of Uranus’s clouds is about 21 g. But on its “surface,” it's lower than Earth. The surface means the point where the Uranus’s rocky core is. And there the gravity is about 8 g. The same effect should happen in black holes. Those objects are the most extreme in the universe. But there are the same principles as in the gas giants. When an object travels in a black hole, there is less gravity left in front of it. When an object falls in the black hole it rides with the field that falls in it. So there is a small point where there is no gravity at all. 

That means time turns around in the middle of a black hole. In a black hole’s absolute center time travels in the same direction as it travels outside the event horizon. In a black hole, everything travels in the same direction. This means that the cosmic flow there, all galactic superclusters seeming to travel in the same direction, can prove that the entire universe orbits around the same mass center. 

Outside of the black hole it seems to spin extremely fast. But inside its event horizon, the movement seems to be slower. The fact is that the structure must not be just below, or behind the event horizon. That thing can be far deeper in the black hole. Black holes press particles into smaller forms. 

So it is theoretically possible that just in the middle of that strange object, inside its complicated and mysterious structures are the complicated systems. If black hole cosmology is the reality that explains dark energy as the black hole vaporization. The thing is that black hole cosmology is one of the most interesting visions that have ever been made in the rocky path of cosmology. And that means the Big Bang was not the beginning of the entirety. 

https://www.independent.co.uk/space/universe-start-big-bang-black-hole-b2763415.html

https://www.sciencealert.com/the-entire-universe-could-exist-inside-a-black-hole-heres-why

https://theconversation.com/what-if-the-big-bang-wasnt-the-beginning-our-research-suggests-it-may-have-taken-place-inside-a-black-hole-258010 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_cosmology

The Wikipedia describes the black hole cosmology like this: 

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“A black hole cosmology (also called Schwarzschild cosmology or black hole cosmological model) is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole. Such models were originally proposed by theoretical physicist Raj Kumar Pathria, and concurrently by mathematician I. J. Good. In the version as originally proposed by Pathria and Good, and studied more recently by, among others, Nikodem Popławski, the observable universe is the interior of a black hole existing as one of possibly many inside a larger parent universe, or multiverse.”

“Any such model requires that the Hubble radius of the observable universe be equal to its Schwarzschild radius, that is, the product of its mass and the Schwarzschild proportionality constant. This is indeed known to be nearly the case; at least one cosmologist, however, considers this close match to be a coincidence.”

A paper, published in March 2025 claims that, of a sample of over 200 early galaxies, around two thirds spin clockwise, whereas only half would be expected to do so. One possible explanation for this anomaly is that we might be inside a black hole; as all known black holes spin and this spin would influence any galaxies inside one. Alternatively it might be that the cosmos spins slowly for some other reason, or there may be some issue with the data.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole_cosmology

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Time crystals and quantum hyperentanglement are new holy grails in quantum technology.

"The latest time crystal innovation may expand the known boundaries of quantum mechanics. (Image credit: WashU)" (LiveScience, Scientists unveil new type of 'time crystal' that defies our traditional understanding of time and motion)

"In condensed matter physics, a time crystal is a quantum system of particles whose lowest-energy state is one in which the particles are in repetitive motion. The system cannot lose energy to the environment and come to rest because it is already in its quantum ground state." (Wikipedia, Time crystal)

The new time crystals where atoms wobble back and forth. Can make it possible to create a reversible computing model for quantum computers. 

The idea is that when quantum entanglements transport information forward on the other side of the time crystals another line of those atoms transports information back. And that helps the quantum computer handle and detect errors in quantum data flow. 

As we know quantum entanglement can remain only if another particle is in a lower energy level. If those particles turn into the same energy level they form a standing wave between them. That destroys the entanglement. The answer to that problem can be to put those particles in the wheel that rotates around its axle. 

"An illustration of two atoms entangled across a great distance. (Image credit: VICTOR de SCHWANBERG/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY via Getty Images) LiveScience, Physicists force atoms into state of quantum 'hyper-entanglement' using tweezers made of laser light)

When the laser system sends radiation to the dominant particle, that energy transports information into a recessive particle, causing the recessive particle's energy level to rise. The wheel allows the switching of roles between those particles and helps to keep the system's energy under control. 

If the quantum entanglement is made in two stages, first the system puts atoms in the quantum hyperentanglement. Then two particles will be put in quantum entanglement between those atoms. That allows the use of the atom of the recessive side of the superposition and quantum entanglement. As the thermal pump. 

That pulls energy out from the recessive particle in the quantum entanglement. The system can use laser beams or electron rows that transport energy out from the recessive side's atom. And that atom pulls energy out from the receiving, or recessive side of the quantum entanglement. 

Quantum hyperentanglement between atoms is the new "holy grail" for quantum research. There are two ways to put atoms in quantum hyperentanglement. The first is to split the atom into two parts. And then put those parts to oscillate at the same frequency. That synchronization can happen before the system splits the atom. 

The other, and maybe. Easier way is introduced in the Live Science web magazine. Researchers used optical tweezers to put those atoms into superposition and entanglement.  Those superpositioned and entangled atoms can form the quantum channel where they can send information. 

Or that the quantum channel can also protect another quantum entanglement that is made between those atoms. This kind of quantum hyperentanglement is the thing that can revolutionize quantum technology. It can be used to make the channel where the qubits can travel. The quantum teleportation requires that the qubit can travel in the channel without touching its wall. If that qubit touches something, it destroys information inside it. 

The quantum channel can also turn antimatter rockets and antimatter weapon systems into reality. The system's idea is that the antimatter beam hits the material, and that can release lots of energy. But the problem is how to control antimatter. And technology. That is made to transmit qubits over distances and can solve that problem. 

The same thing is needed in weaponized antimatter systems and in antimatter engine applications. Antimatter is the most powerful thing in the universe. Quantum channels make it possible to transport antimatter particles like positrons and antiprotons over a long distance. When those particles hit the target they form the annihilation that turns both particles into energy. That releases a lot of energy. And it turns the antimatter weapons one step into reality. The antimatter ion cannon can destroy entire planets. And it can also make the antimatter rockets closer to reality. 

https://www.livescience.com/physics-mathematics/particle-physics/physicists-force-atoms-into-state-of-quantum-hyper-entanglement-using-tweezers-made-of-laser-light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal