The existence of the universe. And false vacuum decay.

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"A false vacuum is at a local minimum of the energy state (right). Its energy is higher than that of the true vacuum (left)." (Simple Wikipedia, False vacuum)

"A scalar field φ (which represents physical position) in a false vacuum. The energy E is higher in the false vacuum than that in the true vacuum or ground state, but there is a barrier preventing the field from classically rolling down to the true vacuum. Therefore, the transition to the true vacuum must be stimulated by the creation of high-energy particles or through quantum-mechanical tunneling." (Wikipedia,  False vacuum)

Some researchers say that 67% of the universe doesn't exist. That means dark energy would not exist. In the quantum world, the existence is not like we think. That it is. We can say that dark energy doesn't exist because we cannot feel it. We cannot use it. And we don't know more than it just pushes large entireties in the universe farther. Some researchers suggest that dark energy is the reflection that comes from some parts of atoms or quarks. So the idea of this thing is the same as when things like laser rays hit metal particles or water balloons or droplets. 

If the energy of the laser ray is high enough. It raises the target's energy level fast enough that thing causes a very high explosion. The water droplet will vaporize less than a millionth of a second and the shockwave of that expansion spread across the air. The same way happens when GRB or some other high-energy burst hits the planet or some other particle. The existence requires the ability to observe and interact with the thing. So maybe dark energy is one of the things that exist and do not exist at the same time. That is one version of the Schrödinger's cat, that lives and is dead, in the same time. 

So, what's that thing connection with the false vacuum decay? The false vacuum is an energy state that is higher than the real vacuum or energy minimum. But it's lower than another environment. The false vacuum is an energy pothole or energy ditch. It can decay if there is an energy wave in that structure. That shares those false vacuums into two parts. Those energy waves that can form very fast in the false vacuum can share those energy ditches into two parts. 

Above) "The sombrero model". The article is on the hilltop that the energy ditch surrounds. If that energy ditch turns too deep, that pulls particles below the edge of that energy ditch. 

That turns particles invisible to us. Energy or wave movement cannot come out from that energy ditch. 

The number of those sub-vacuums depends on the number of those energy waves. When some object drops into a false vacuum. It can go into a hole, that observers cannot see it. The particle must be upper than the edge of the false vacuum that we can see it. There are some cases in which large stars suddenly disappear. There is always a possibility that the star turns into a black hole so fast that the supernova remnants will go behind the event horizon and we cannot see them. The more exotic version is that the star falls into a false vacuum. The low energy level means that the energy cannot go out from the star or the energy pothole that surrounds the star. That means the star will simply disappear. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_vacuum

Researchers uncover the reason for cosmic bubbles near the Milky Way.

Image 1) The cosmic bubbles at both sides of the Milky Way

The reason for cosmic bubbles near Milky Way galaxy is in the radiation of the Sagittarius A the supermassive black hole in the center of our galaxy. When that radiation impacts the gas atoms above and below the Milky Way galaxy that thing causes the emission radiation. The effect is similar to the thing that happens in neutron bombs. 

The radiation effect will push the quantum fields of neutrons inside and load them with energy. When that energy transfer ends neutrons are sending radiation whose wavelength is the same as the diameter of the neutron. 

When radiation hits atoms or their quantum fields they are sending wave movement. Which is similar to neutron radiation. When that reflection radiation hits other atoms. That radiation pushes them away from each other. And this thing forms the cosmic bubble, where are fewer atoms than in other places universe.

https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-bubbles-expanding-from-the-milky-way-could-be-explained-by-a-single-event

Image) https://www.sciencealert.com/giant-bubbles-expanding-from-the-milky-way-could-be-explained-by-a-single-event

Image: Pinterest

What makes this thing interesting. 

If we think the ability to make the electromagnetic field in the air that pushes atoms away from each other we could make the "Jedi effect". The lower pressure that can be made to the wanted direction from the object can be used to move the object. 

Making that kind of low-pressure bubble requires radio- or other electromagnetic radiation. The bubble can create by pointing electromagnetic radiation to the air molecules. And the reflection will push those molecules away from each other. 

If the exhaust gas of the jet engine is driven through the vacuum bubble the speed of exhaust gas increases. And that thing makes it possible to increase the aircraft's speed without using an afterburner.  

The electromagnetic bubble can also use to increase the thrust of jet engines. The idea is that the electromagnetic bubble is made just after the nozzle of the jet or plasma jet engine. And the engine will drive exhaust gas through that vacuum. 

The vacuum behind the jet engine increases the speed of exhaust gas. Because the exhaust gas must travel through a vacuum before they impact with air. That thing can make more speed to the exhaust gas without an afterburner. The vacuum bubble behind the jet engine can form by using microwave or laser systems. And the similar bubble can work with electric- and regular jet engines. 

The thing that makes the electric jet or pulsed plasma turbine (PPT) very suitable for jet fighters is that another aircraft cannot fly behind that engine. The ionized gas protects at least partially the aircraft. Against the missiles that are shot from the back. 

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Could the Muon G-2 anomaly be caused by the impact between muon and dark matter?

Could the gravitational waves be the wave that travels in dark matter?

There just came one interesting thing in my mind about Muon G-2 experiments in Brookhaven, CERN, and Fermilab. Could the anomaly in the trajectory of muons cause the particles that travel in the particle accelerator to impact dark matter particles? 

The gravitational waves can be the key to dark matter. But the thing is that we always believe that gravitation is force or interaction. The idea of Great Unified Theory or GUT is that the gravitation as well as all other fundamental interactions are the same force. The origin of that force is in the middle of the quarks. And it travels through the quantum fields of the nucleus of the atoms and electron cores. 

But there is the possibility that the gravitational waves are the waves that are traveling in the dark matter. That means the gravitational wave would be similar like waves are in the water or some other visible material. But in that case, the waves are moving in the dark matter. Or they are energy that travels between particles of dark matter. 

The dark matter is not similar material with the visible material. There is the possibility that dark matter is some kind of wave movement or bites of superstrings. It is always possible. That dark matter is the medium between wave movement and particles. Or the size of the particles of dark matter is different as I sometimes suggest. 

There is the possibility that the form of axions would be roll or stick. And during the Big Bang, something affected the rotation of the axions and turned them into visible material. That means slowing the rotation would turn those particles ball-shaped. 

But there is a theory about the mysterious axion particles. Those theoretical particles could also form dark matter. But why we cannot see them. So what could be an axion? There is the possibility that the form of those hypothetical particles is elongated. That thing makes those particles invisible. 

There is a better version of the axion theory. That theory goes like this: axions are extremely fast-rotating particles. That have extremely large quantum fields. The extremely high rotation speed causes this phenomenon. 

And that thing means that the axions would be in the middle of their WARP-bubbles. That means the axion can rotate faster than other particles because there is no quantum friction. Without that friction, the axion would not send or receive electromagnetic wave movement itself. Quantum friction means the interaction between particle and electromagnetic wave movement. 

And this thing means that the axion would not interact itself. The interaction between hypothetical axions will happen through an oscillating quantum field of the WARP bubble. The electromagnetic vacuum bubble around those particles would just whip the wave moves away from axion. So the radiation that should stress axion would pass it like happens in the stealth fighters. That means there is no reflection of those particles. 

Axions, gravitons and dark matter

The gravitational waves can be the key to dark matter. And if the hypothetical axions are confirmed and they are forming dark matter. That thing makes it possible to create models of dark matter. The only known interaction between dark and visible material is gravitation. Dark matter is not the same thing as dark energy. Dark energy is a mysterious invisible wave movement that dominates the universe. 

But dark energy can have a connection with dark matter. Could the dark energy be the "dark version" of the cosmic background? That means the source of dark energy could be dark matter. So are the hypothetical axion particles the thing that forms the dark matter. 

When we are thinking about the origin of the gravitational waves they are the extreme particles and phenomena like neutron stars that are orbiting each other and black holes. But also things like supernovas are sending those gravitational waves. 

The reason why black holes and neutron stars that are orbiting each other send the gravitational waves is that those objects are extremely dense. So when the neutron stars are moving around each other those things could hit dark matter and send the wave of dark matter around the universe. 

When the supernova explodes or black hole will oscillate. That thing causes the extremely powerful electromagnetic wave that will act like an extremely powerful Doppler Effect. So that electromagnetic waves will push the dark matter. 

Same way when neutron stars are rotating the neutrons could push the hypothetical axions through the universe. When we are thinking about the direction of the gravitation we might think that thing can be the whirl in the dark matter. That means dark matter would push particles together like in regular vacuums. 

So that means the gravitation would be the case where dark matter is pushing the material to the point of the gravitational center. Or maybe that thing is the electromagnetic vacuum that makes objects move together. The gravitation can also be the particle-based thing that has also the wave movement form. 

In the theory of hypothetical graviton, the transporter particle of gravitation would follow wave-particle duality. The wave-particle duality means that the material has the forms of wave movement and particle. So the material would be like a yarn ball that can open to superstrings. The idea is that when graviton travels between objects they create the tunnels of electromagnetic vacuum, and that vacuum would be the gravitation. 

So could the source of the hypothetical gravitons be in the hypothetical axions? If we think that axions are fast-rotating particles that are elongated. That could mean that axions are the source of the gravitons. 

But confirming that thing requires confirmation of the existence of both of those particles. And that thing is not made yet. There is the possibility that the fast-rotating axions would be in the middle of their quantum bubbles. And that WARP bubble makes the interaction of those hypothetical particles impossible.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_g-2

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Could the Schwinger effect explain the Big Bang?

The Schwinger effect is the effect that turns wave movement into particles. The Schwinger effect always forms particle-antiparticle pair.  As you see from the GIF above this text the wave movement is splitting into two parts when it faces the vacuum bubble. 

Then those waves movements that are coming from different directions are hitting together. When two wave movement flows are hitting together at a straight angle that thing forms the particles. 

The origin of the neutrinos can also be in the Schwinger effect. In that model, the electromagnetic wave movement would turn to particle form. When it hits the magnetic field of the star. 

Somebody is an introduced theory.  Maybe, someday researchers can foom particles form in the laboratory by using the Schwinger effect. If the light or some other electromagnetic wave movement is jumping between two mirrors that thing can form particles. 

But as you see from the GIF a similar effect is seen in the black holes. So is it possible that black holes also turn wave movement into particles? The light or some other electromagnetic wave movement would travel to both poles of the black hole. There they face extremely powerful X- or gamma-ray pike. And that pike can turn wave movement to yarn ball. 

In that case, the Schwinger effect always forms particles. And their antiparticle pair. So if we are thinking that the Big Bang was some kind of Schwinger effect that means there could be two wave movement beams. Those wave movement beams would go around the quantum vacuum. And then two particle groups formed. That particle groups were particles and their antiparticles. 

If the size of that quantum vacuum was high enough. That thing makes it possible that there are formed two universes. Or universe and the antimatter universe. But if those impacts of wave movement happened close enough the electromagnetic pulling effect will pull particles and their antiparticles together. Causing an annihilation reaction. 

The Dark Big Bang (or Two-staged Big Bang) theory goes like this:

1) At the first formed groups of particles. The particles and their anti- or mirror particles.

2)  After that began the annihilation that formed the proto-material like quarks and other fermions. Those particles formed in the scattering where crossing wave movements turned to yarn balls that are called fermions. 

Theoretically, the reason why wave movement is not traveling across the quantum bubble. Is that it needs a quantum layer where it travels. The material can cross the quantum vacuum only in the particle form. The reason for that is that. Wave movement requires some kind of layer that carries that thing. We can call that layer a brane layer. If there is not that kind of brane layer. That means the wave movement would curve to yarn ball or simple particle form. 

Or otherwise, it's possible that. If the wave movement crosses the quantum vacuum it faces the quantum wall and turns to particles. That thing can be the origin of the universe. But where do those wave movements come from? Who knows? Maybe there are other universes.  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

Physics breakthrough the material particles created from the vacuum.

The researchers of the University of Manchester proved the Schwinger effect. The electromagnetic fields can turn to particles in a vacuum. That thing is a remarkable thing. 

When we are trying to understand the form and origin of the material and possibly dark matter in the universe. There is the possibility that the Schwinger effect caused the formation of the particles from the electromagnetic field. In that reaction, the Schwinger effect forms the particle-antiparticle pair. 

The question is where that electromagnetic field came from. So the answer for the origin of material in the universe could be that some kind of Schwinger effect turned the magnetic field into particles. But electromagnetic fields are not forming from emptiness. There must be something that makes the electromagnetic field. So is the origin of the material in the universe some kind of magnetic skyrmion? In this text term "skyrmion" means magnetic skyrmion. 

Skyrmion is an electromagnetic whirl. And that kind of phenomenon is made in the laboratory. Normally skyrmion can be formed around protons or electrons and ions. Stable skyrmions surround black holes. 

Sometimes is introduced the possibility to use skyrmions to uncover wormholes. Those wormholes or Einstein-Rose bridges can form skyrmions around them. So the idea to use skyrmions to uncover wormholes is interesting. The researchers must just find skyrmion that is not forming around the protons, neutrons, or electrons. And that thing is a little bit difficult. 

The term anti-universe means a simple hypothetical universe that is formed of antimatter. Time and all other things might seem similar in that hypothetical universe as they are in our universe. But the objects in that universe are formed antimatter. The thing that supports this conclusion is that magnetic fields are turning particles- and their antiparticle pair to opposite directions. Or the electromagnetic force pulls the particles together. And that thing causes annihilation. 

The thing is that something turned wave movement to the material during the Big Bang. And the question is where did that wave movement come? Wave movement doesn't form from the vacuum. There must be some kind of source for that wave movement. But where that source could be? Was the source of that wave movement in some other universe? Or was it in some kind of wormhole? 

When we try to find the answer to that question, where does the material come from? We can answer that the material is the result when the wave movement turns to particle and antiparticle. That causes the question. Is it possible that there is another universe or so-called anti-universe? The term anti-universe means simply the universe formed of antimatter. In that antimaterial universe, time moves like in our universe. 

But the material that forms that universe would be antimatter. The idea of the anti-universe is bringing that the antimatter particles would turn different direction than material particles when wave movement turns to particles. So maybe somewhere outside the universe is another universe formed by antimatter. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-physics-breakthrough-scientists-produce-particle-antiparticle-pairs-from-a-vacuum/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_skyrmion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

Image)https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-physics-breakthrough-scientists-produce-particle-antiparticle-pairs-from-a-vacuum/

Information that travels in a vacuum travels faster than information in the medium.

Information cannot travel faster than light. This is one thing where the terminology is causing misunderstanding. We should rather say that the information cannot travel faster than photons than information cannot travel faster than the speed of light. 

So if we would want to transmit data between two places and we want that another data packet is at goal before the other we should just send the other data package in the vacuum. In that kind of light cable might be two routes. One is for regular data where data is traveling in optic fibers. 

And the second one is where the data is traveling in nanotubes which are in a vacuum. Of course, we might have the third line. The laser communication line through the air could be useful. That allows passing the light cable when the mark for begin of the secured data transmission is given. 

And if we are sending two laser rays between those houses by using two routes. The one route is the vacuum tube and another is through the air (or optic fiber) the laser ray that travels in the vacuum tube would be at the goal before the laser ray that travels in the air. The problem with a vacuum tube is that it must be straight. 

The system requires two clocks. The sending system is connecting the time mark for the transmitting. And the receiving system would calculate how long the data traveled in the channel. There are two values for the data transmitting. Theoretical and practical (or real-life value). 

For theoretical value, the value that the system uses is the speed of light in a vacuum. But of course, the system would measure the time before it starts to send the data. 

In the test, there is taken the time what the information is taken to travel the vacuum tube. And that is making the value where the time marks are compared in real data transmitting. 

So how to explain this thing by using everyday examples. The idea is that when two persons are taking the speed of the car without seeing each other and able to yell at each other. They can start the clocks at the same moment. Then another person would go to the endpoint. When the cat passes the first person he stops the clock. 

And the second person would stop the clock when the car is passing that second position. Then those persons would bring clocks to the same point without nulling them. And the difference of time is easy to calculate by subtraction. Where the time of clock A is reduced from the time of clack B. (B-A).

If something damages the vacuum that slows the speed of photons. The reason for that is the medium is slowing the speed of photons. So by using nanotubes we could make a secured laser-based information channel. The idea is is that the system would send the time moment, where the data transmitting begins by using a regular laser. Then the secure data would send by using the nanotubes and vacuum. 

The idea is that if somebody is trying to get the data from the vacuum channel that thing affects the time what the data uses when it travels in the tube. If the vacuum is filled with gas that thing slows the light. The thing is that the system can also use a spectroscope. For observing the gases or atoms that are in the nanotube channel. If the nano-channel is painted black and something damages that layer it would cause the changes in the laser ray that will send data. 

And that would be noticed by the receiver. The thing is that the system uses a very advanced clock. For measuring the differences between the time the data packages use. While they are traveling in the information channel. The data will travel between time marks. If the time mark would not match with the calculated time that would mean that something has been damaged the information channel. 

https://scitechdaily.com/securing-data-transfers-with-relativity-information-cannot-travel-faster-than-the-speed-of-light/

Image:https://www.techprevue.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/fiber-optic-internet-slow.jpg

https://networkedinternet.blogspot.com/