The ability to freeze light makes optical computers closer to reality.

"Intense laser pulse focused on a solid target drives inhomogeneous plasma dynamics, affecting the spatio-temporal profile of the reflected light. Capturing these changes in spatio-temporal profiles provides deep insights into plasma dynamics. Credit: Ankit Dulat, edited" (ScitechDaily, How Scientists Froze a Trillion-Watt Laser Pulse in a Single Shot)

The ability to freeze light opens new paths for data security and sensor technology. Researchers trapped and froze a trillion-watt laser impulse into a chamber. That makes it possible to create inhomogeneous plasma. With a very high accuracy. And that is the new way to analyze plasma dynamics. But the same thing makes it possible to store data in photonic form. 

And that makes it possible to create ultra-secured USB sticks. 

In the same way, the system can store data in a photonic form that improves the power of the photonic computer. 

The ability to store laser light and its information as a light. Makes new paths to photonics in computing. Traditional laser systems transport data to photovoltaic cells. Those photovoltaic cells transform light into binary data and then the system stores it in electric form. 

When we think about things like photonic computers. The ability to store information is a very important thing. When light carries information there is a need to make sure that information isn't just destroyed. The photonic computer must have two speeds for data processing just like in human brains. 

There are three types of photonic computers.

1) Photonic system there the main electric wires on the microcircuit are replaced by the laser beams and optical wires. The information between microchips travels in laser beams.

However, the microchips use electricity in their internal architecture. When a laser impulse hits the photovoltaic cells that instrument turns the light signal into an electric impulse. 

2) System where data travels in the photonic form. The system uses electricity to control things like mirrors and other things like optical routers. 

3) The system where the entire system lays over photonic architecture. The system can use another laser ray to control mirrors and prisms in microchips. Or the data transporter laser ray can send the power transport signal before the data transport sequence. 

"An on-chip twisted moiré photonic crystal sensor that uses MEMS technology to actively control the twist and distance between layers in real time. Credit: Harvard SEAS" (ScitechDaily, Microchip Magic: Twisted Crystals Unleash a New Era in Light Control)

Theoretically, the shape of a photonic computer is not very strictly determined. There can be a light level for example let's say 10 candela that can be the border between zero and one. The 3 candela can mean that the system is shutting down and it will transport data to memory so there computer can store it for new use. The system can also use two different light frequencies or colors to transport data. For example, red can mean zero and blue can mean one. 

Or the system can transport data through two lines. Line 1 can mean zero and line 2 can mean one. The system can involve serial numbers to zeros and ones that help the receiving system to sort them into the right order. This kind of system can be one kind of quantum computer. The system handles data in binary form but the extra state can determine which is the serial number of those bits for sorting them to the right row. 

The first speed is fast. And the second speed is more analytic. The fast speed is for cases where the system must react fast. That thing can be that the system must warn its components if it shuts down. 

Or something very important is happening. The fast information channel tells that the system must store data that it handles. So the processed data will be transferred to the data storage or the terminal to wait until the system is ready again. In photonic computers flash memory, or terminal requires the ability to store optical data. 

In optical computers, mirrors, nano-crystals, and other optical systems control light beams. Those systems are not very old. The thing is that. The optical computers in the system can act as a medium between quantum- and binary computers. The optical computer transforms electric information impulses into an optical form. The optical computer is hard to make because electricity must be replaced using light. 

The last version of the photonic computers is the system where the light, or optical system replaced electricity. The problem is that the measurement systems require electricity. Maybe the answer to that problem is a technology where another laser ray delivers energy to the mirror-positioning system. In the most exotic version, the same laser beam that transports data can also send energy impulses ahead of the data carrier segment. 

 https://scitechdaily.com/how-scientists-froze-a-trillion-watt-laser-pulse-in-a-single-shot/

https://scitechdaily.com/microchip-magic-twisted-crystals-unleash-a-new-era-in-light-control/ 

Maybe Dark matter's shape can decoded. And that reshapes Einstein's spacetime.

"In a groundbreaking study, Professor Ginestra Bianconi proposes that gravity emerges from quantum relative entropy, offering a new framework that unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity. The theory also introduces the G-field, a novel concept that could provide a quantum-based explanation for dark matter. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter Decoded? New Quantum Gravity Theory Reimagines Einstein’s Spacetime)

Dark matter and dark energy are the most dominating events in the universe. There is the possibility that if gravity is only the quantum field that is the common effect for EM and other kinds of fields turn into kinetic energy.  When a particle spins it binds energy into itself. The spin speed of the particle rises until it cannot bind any more energy. And then the particle slows when it releases its energy. So that means. Dark matter can be particles that bind more energy inside them than they should. 

Or it can be something that puts energy into the gravity waves. The idea is that gravity waves are more powerful if the distance between the bottom of the energy ditch of the weave, and the top of the energy hill is high enough. That energy ditch is the thing that makes the wave move. 

The low-energy ditch forward of the wave is an important part of all waves. So gravitational waves are not exceptions. The model is that the energy ditch ahead of the energy wave is deeper than the height of the energy wave. That explains why gravity doesn't itself transport energy to particles and it gets all its kinetic energy from fields that it crosses. 

"Diagrammatic representation of the entropic quantum gravity action. The action for gravity is given by the quantum relative entropy between the metric of the manifold and the metric induced by the matter field and the geometry. Credit: Ginestra Bianconi" (ScitechDaily, Dark Matter Decoded? New Quantum Gravity Theory Reimagines Einstein’s Spacetime)

In g̃ the wave can be like a lying tornado or a cylinder-shaped structure of locked wave movement that hovers above the layer. 

But then we can think about the thing. That is known as the G̃-field model. 

Can there be something that can fill the gravity wave's energy ditch? That something doesn't make an impact on the energy wave that follows the gravity wave ditch. Or is there something that turns the energy ditch deeper? 

We can think of that model as the case. If this model would fit on earth we can say that above the ditch is some kind of force, that pushes energy ditch's bottom down. That deepens the ditch. So does the time dilation have something to do with that thing? Dark matter is the gravity effect. 

There is the possibility that if the smallest, highest energy particles detonate or vaporize in the energy ditches faster than outside them, that causes bubbles in the energy fields. Energy fields try to fill that bubble. That means the dark matter can be the whirl or pothole in the gravity wave's bottom.  

There are energy ditches on both sides of the gravity wave. Those things keep it in form. And deny that the energy wave between them collapses. If that collapse happens the energy ditches will fill immediately. 

The question is: Can there be some fields, where wave movement doesn't make or require the energy ditch at the front of them? The image shows the G̃ and g̃ field difference. And form the question about the g̃ wave's wave model. Can the wave be the whirl that travels or hovers above the layer? Then outcoming energy can move that lying wave to the forward. That cylinder-shaped energy field travels above the layer. 

The energy ditches in gravity wave make it move. But if that ditch is symmetrically around it that can lock the energy waves in their static position. There is the possibility that the wave moves forward without that energy ditch. That requires the energy impulses from the back of the waves. Theoretically is possible that the wave doesn't need that energy ditch to move. But if the wave is too high that means it will collapse. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-decoded-new-quantum-gravity-theory-reimagines-einsteins-spacetime/

The new explosives without nitrogen are remarkable chemical advancements.

"Skoltech researchers have identified over 220 carbon-oxygen compounds, many previously unknown, with some showing explosive energy close to that of TNT, despite lacking nitrogen. Their findings on oxocarbons open up new possibilities for space exploration, advanced batteries, and energetic materials, challenging conventional chemistry and expanding the understanding of molecular diversity. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Rivaling TNT: Scientists Discover Bizarre “Magic Molecules” With Explosive Potential)

The idea of the new explosives is that there are lots of carbon atoms that will combine with oxygen atoms. That releases 75% more energy than TNT. The RDX gives 50% more energy than TNT. The research published by Russian researchers and ScitechDaily, and the risk that this technology causes is that those new carbon-oxygen chains will pass the explosive detector. Those molecules are like "frozen, nano-size powder explosions". 

In normal, explosives, like TNT,  nitrogen acts as a catalysator. The nitrogen ion in potassium nitrate makes black powder explode. All known explosives involve nitrogen. And the bomb detectors smell nitrogen ions from the air. But when we think about explosions. We must realize that. Explosion is only fast-burning. Another way to make an explosion is to increase the layer's size, where the material combines with oxygen. In aerosol bombs and combustion engines, the fuel-aerosol and oxygen combine. 

"Image. Graphical abstract of the Skoltech study showing some of the possible carbon oxides in the range probed by the researchers: no more than 16 oxygen atoms, possibly zero atoms of either element. Credit: Elizaveta Vaneeva et al./Materials Today Energy" (ScitechDaily, Rivaling TNT: Scientists Discover Bizarre “Magic Molecules” With Explosive Potential)

The molecular structures of those new potential explosive molecules tell us that it's possible to create explosive graphene. There between those carbon atoms are oxygen atoms. So if every second of those atoms is carbon and every second is oxygen. That means that the maximum number of carbon atoms join to oxygen at the same time. It is also possible to make the explosive "hamburger" two graphene layers there is a 2D oxygen layer between those carbon layers. 

The reason why that burning turns into an explosion is that all droplets are surrounded by the air. Same way sometimes things like regular baking flour detonate. The baking flour dust takes fire. And then the air. That surrounds every single particle in that dust will start to burn them. The fast combination with air makes that normally harmless dust the explosive material. 

The long carbon chain where oxygen and carbon atoms in rows like oxygen and carbon are one after one can make a very strong explosion. The idea is that the carbon and oxygen alternating in the chain. The explosion happens when large numbers of carbon atoms make a connection with oxygen atoms. 

So what if we can make molecules like fullerene where there are oxygen atoms between carbon atoms? In that ball-shaped carbon-oxygen "fullerene" is carbon. And oxygen atoms side by side. When carbon and oxygen combine to make a chemical compound. 

They form carbon monoxide or dioxide. That reaction happens in a large area if we compare that reaction area to molecule size. So large numbers of carbon and oxygen combine with each other at the same time. That causes the same situation as in an aerosol bomb but in a solid structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/rivaling-tnt-scientists-discover-bizarre-magic-molecules-with-explosive-potential/

Chinese researchers created a 2D metal structure.

 

"Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a breakthrough technique called vdW squeezing to create large, stable, atomically thin 2D metals at angstrom-scale thickness. This method enables precise control over metal layer thickness and opens up new possibilities for advanced quantum, electronic, and photonic devices." (ScitechDaily, Beyond Graphene: Scientists Create Ultra-Thin 2D Metals for the First Time)

Researchers have theorized about 2000 materials that can form 2D atomic lattices. Hundreds of those compounds and monoatomic materials are made in laboratories. The most well-known 2D material is graphene, carbon's allotropic form. The graphene's strength base is in its monoatomic form.

When something hits its carbon net that point delivers its energy to other carbon atoms. The monoatomic structure denies the form of energy pockets in the structure. And because energy travels in that lattice easily. That makes graphene very strong. Sometimes is planned to use nano-diamonds. 

Carbon atom structures that look like diamond or fullerene nanotubes transport energy out from graphene. The multilayer graphene where fullerene or some other nanostructures like DNA bites keep those layers separate. That makes it possible to create a nano-armor. That can be very strong. 

However, these 2D carbon structures have their limits have limits. The new step in the route of the 2D materials is the ability to form 2D metal lattices. The problem with those lattices is been that those lattices must win the van der Waals force that turns those lattices into curves. The ability to make a 2D metal structure is one of the things. That opens new visions for electric, ion, and other kinds of technologies. 

Self-sufficient 2D metal structures are interesting structures. It's possible to put that metal layer over graphene. Making new types of layered nanomaterials possible. 

There are multiple futuristic things where those kinds of systems can be used. 

Those materials have a magnetic ability. That makes it possible to use them in ion technology. The metal-graphene stylus can inject those ions precisely into the wanted points. That makes the advancement in ion-based 3D printing technology. And it's possible to make things like plasma stealth systems to reality. The plasma stealth can be connected with the aerodynamic structures of aircraft. 

The 2D material pumps the ions or anions around the aircraft from between those layers. The ion accelerators can be in that 2D layered material. This kind of material can make it possible to create radar systems that see all directions from the air- or spacecraft. This system makes it possible to create a protective system that can shoot incoming asteroids or meteoroids with anti-electron bursts. 

Theoretically, if that kind of material can be created on a large scale that makes it possible to create the "UFO"- saucer-shaped aerial vehicle that uses electron-positron annihilation. The system can use anti-electrons to give a punch propellant. The annihilation can expand things like hydrogen in the chamber in the middle of the craft. And then. Ventilation controls the point where that vapor travels out from the structure. 

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-graphene-scientists-create-ultra-thin-2d-metals-for-the-first-time/

When material is hot and cold at the same time.

"Scientists discovered a strange new state of matter — “half ice, half fire” — where hot and cold electron spins coexist, potentially unlocking powerful tech for energy and quantum storage. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

"In a groundbreaking study, scientists at Brookhaven National Lab uncovered a new phase of matter dubbed “half ice, half fire” — a bizarre mix of cold, orderly electron spins and hot, chaotic ones." (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

"The “half-ice, half-fire” phase is the twin state of the “half-fire, half-ice” phase discovered by Yin, Tsvelik, and Christopher Roth, their 2015 undergraduate summer intern who is now a postdoc at the Flatiron Institute. They describe the discovery in a paper published in early 2024." (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

"But the full story goes back to 2012, when Yin and Tsvelik were part of a multi-institutional collaboration, led by Brookhaven physicist John Hill, that was studying Sr3CuIrO6, a magnetic compound of strontium, copper, iridium, and oxygen. This research led to two papers, an experiment-driven study in 2012 and a theory-driven study in 2013, both published in PRL." (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

"Yin and Tsvelik continued to look into the phase behaviors of Sr3CuIrO6 and, in 2016, found the “half-fire, half-ice” phase. In this state, which is induced by a critical external magnetic field, the “hot” spins on the copper sites are fully disordered on the atomic lattice and have smaller magnetic moments, while the “cold” spins on the iridium sites are fully ordered and have larger magnetic moments. The work was published in Physical Review B." (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

"This image shows a graphical interpretation of the “half-ice, half-fire” and “half-fire, half-ice” states (left). The plot (right) shows the magnetic entropy change in the magnetic field (h) versus temperature (T) plane. The black dot at zero temperature indicates where the half-fire, half-ice state appears. The dashed line indicates where the half-ice, half-fire state hides. Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily, Half Ice, Half Fire: A Bizarre New State of Matter That Could Reshape Physics)

The Schrödinger's cat state can mean that material is hot and cold at the same time. The universe is one of those interesting things hot and cold. At the same time. When the universe's expansion continues the chaos or entropy in the system grows. Electrons start to spin more chaotic if the quantum field pressure decreases. So when the universe expands. That gives electrons more space to travel and spin. 

That means: energy decrease causes an effect that looks like rising temperature. Decreasing energy pressure raises entropy in the system. When the size of the universe increases that causes an effect that looks like temperature rising. In the young universe energy and pressure caused an effect. That the system was in a very good order. But, decreasing density and pressure causes entropy in the system to rise.  So the universe behaves oppositely than it should. 

The decreasing energy level causes the effect. That the material behaves like it's hot. When pressure decreases that makes the system behave. Like it turns warmer. 

In the nanoscale, we can see that effect in the cases. Where the pressure decreases. If there is water in the chamber low pressure gives water molecules more space to move and oscillate That causes an effect that the boiling temperature decreases when pressure decreases. 

Schrödinger's cat in the material is something incredible. That means the small-scale Scrödinger's cat effect. 

Researchers created a material. That is cold and hot at the same time. That material is the same. 

Time well-ordered "cold" and chaotic "hot" spin states in the electron shell. 

That thing is one of the most interesting things in the world. 

The ability to turn electron shells more chaotic without transmitting energy into them is one of the most interesting things. In the history of research. 

When the material is hot and cold. At the same time. There is always space where material can transport energy. When we think about things like how temperature breaks the material the well-ordered structures are easy to break if there is no place where they can put energy. In chaotic systems is more space than in cold systems. 

That means energy has more space to go than in well-ordered systems and electrons are moving in larger areas. So they deliver energy more easily and standing waves between them don't break the system because electrons can jump away from that standing wave. 

That means the Schrödinger's cat state in the material can improve things like energy production and nano-and stealth technology. This new material is the thing that can make a revolution in nanotechnology. 

https://scitechdaily.com/half-ice-half-fire-a-bizarre-new-state-of-matter-that-could-reshape-physics/

Schrödinger's cat is hotter than ever.

"Quantum scientists have shown it’s possible to generate Schrödinger cat states in warmer conditions, challenging the assumption that cold is essential for quantum effects. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Alive, Dead, and Hot: Schrödinger’s Cat Defies the Rules of Quantum Physics)

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment about a cat. That is at the same time. Alive and dead. That means. The cat has two states. Things like qubits base are in Scrödinger's cat. And theoretical Majorana-fermion would be the Schrödinger's cat particle. 

The Majorana-fermion would be the physical particle that has a particle and antiparticle in the same particle. The Majorana Bound-state (Majorana Zero Mode) is the quasiparticle and a hypothetical Majorana fermion would be like a quark or electron that involves its antiparticle. 

In quantum computing, dead cat means qubit that doesn't carry information and alive cat means qubit that carries information. Or the dead cat means zero and the living cat means one. But the Schrödinger's state has many other interesting meanings. 

In physics Schrödinger's cat means superposition or quantum system that is simultaneously in the low and high energy minimum. A system that involves minimum. And maximum energy states at the same time. Is always interesting. 

The minimum energy states in the same system mean that if there is an energy impulse that hits the particle there is an energy pocket where that energy can go. In the same way, if Schrödinger's cat is the real cat we cannot destroy that cat, because there is an energy pocket where energy can go. 

The new observations tell us that Schrödinger's cat state is possible even if the system is adjusted into a "hot state". The temperature record in Scrödinger's cat state is 1,8K which is very hot in this case, that temperature limit has been 0,3K. That means Schrödinger's cat state is possible even if the system involves energy excitement. Before that researchers thought that they must remove energy excitement from the system. 

"In Erwin Schrödinger’s thought experiment, it is a cat that is alive and dead at the same time. Credit: University of Innsbruck/Harald Ritsch" (ScitechDaily, Alive, Dead, and Hot: Schrödinger’s Cat Defies the Rules of Quantum Physics)

Theoretically, teleportation is easy to make. The system must only make a quantum tunnel between particles. And if particles are superpositioned and entangled. An energy impulse will come behind the higher energy particle that pushes the particle to the lower energy state particle. The higher energy particle sends an energy string to the lower energy participant of the quantum entanglement. 

Information travels to lower energy particles. It's possible to teleport information. Theoretically, the same idea can be used to teleport more complex quantum systems. But the problem is this. For teleportation, the system must make a superposition end entanglement for every single particle. 

Then it must keep those particles in the right order. So the quantum channel. There that information travels must be tight. The universe's expansion causes the quantum channel to expand. That expansion forms space and that space increases entropy. Entropy is the thing that makes teleportation so difficult. 

Schrödinger's state is one of the things that makes, or it should make teleportation possible. The idea is that if there are two identical elementary particle clouds there another is in an extremely low energy state that causes an effect the lower energy particles just suck higher energy particles through the quantum channels or "shadows" to them. The problem with a complex system teleportation is that those systems must be perfectly superpositioned. 

That means that fermions and also bosons must all be put into superposition. Then they must travel to the right places. The thing that makes that very difficult is that the information must travel through the quantum fields. Those fields cause entropy that destroys the system. The problem is that successful teleportation requires. The system can transport particles, fermions, and bosons to the goal and keep them in their original places. 

https://scitechdaily.com/alive-dead-and-hot-schrodingers-cat-defies-the-rules-of-quantum-physics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger%27s_cat