Gamma-ray observations shock researchers.

 Gamma-ray observations shock researchers. 

NASA analyzed 13 years of Fermi satellite data about the cosmic gamma-ray background. The data is compiled with the cosmic microwave background. That thing shocked scientists. The power of some gamma-ray objects was far more high energy than expected. There is also a mystic circular gamma-ray area near the gamma-ray "equator". 

That circular gamma-ray can be one of the reasons why there are so-called holes in the microwave background. Those holes are seen in darker areas. When high-energy gamma rays or coherent gamma rays travel through the universe, they harvest energy into themselves. 

"This artist’s concept shows the entire sky in gamma rays with magenta circles illustrating the uncertainty in the direction from which more high-energy gamma rays than average seem to be arriving. In this view, the plane of our galaxy runs across the middle of the map. The circles enclose regions with a 68% (inner) and a 95% chance of containing the origin of these gamma rays. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center" (ScitechDaily.com/Unidentified Cosmic Phenomena: Fermi’s Gamma-Ray Discovery Shocks Astronomers) 

That circle shows that high-energy radiation impacts with material at that point. That impact creates a gamma ray field. So at that point, gamma rays are emission radiation that comes from particles that are adjusted in higher energy levels for some unknown reasons. 

 

"The scientists combined 13 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope observations of gamma rays above about 3 billion electron volts (GeV), removed all discrete sources and stripped out the central plane of our Milky Way galaxy in order to analyze the extragalactic gamma-ray background. Analysis of the resulting data revealed a part of the sky where more high-energy gamma rays are arriving than average. The direction is not precisely known. The circles show regions where there is a 68% and a 95% chance of containing the origin of these gamma rays for one analysis approach. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center". (ScitechDaily.com/Unidentified Cosmic Phenomena: Fermi’s Gamma-Ray Discovery Shocks Astronomers) 

"The team was searching for a gamma-ray signal related to our solar system’s motion of about 230 miles (370 kilometers) per second relative to the CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background) , which is widely regarded as being responsible for the dipole emission it displays. What they found instead was a gamma-ray signal 10 times stronger than expected from our galaxy’s motion and located far from the CMB dipole. Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center" (ScitechDaily.com/Unidentified Cosmic Phenomena: Fermi’s Gamma-Ray Discovery Shocks Astronomers) 

"Top: An all-sky map of extragalactic gamma rays in which the central plane of our galaxy, shown in dark blue where data has been removed, runs across the middle. The red dot and circles indicate the approximate direction from which more gamma rays than average seem to be arriving. Bottom: A similar all-sky map showing the distribution of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. Red indicates directions from which greater than average numbers of particles arrive, blue indicates directions with fewer than average. This video superposes the Fermi map onto the cosmic ray map, illustrating the similarity of the dipole directions. Credit: Kashlinsky et al. 2024 and the Pierre Auger Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Unidentified Cosmic Phenomena: Fermi’s Gamma-Ray Discovery Shocks Astronomers) 

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Light transistor. 

The idea of the light transistor is simple. Higher energy radiation pulls lower energy radiation with it. The light transistor is two crossing laser rays. The base is lower lower-energy laser ray than the collector-emitter laser ray. The base pumps information to the collector-emitter laser ray. Otherwise, information can travel in collector-emitter laser ray, and the base just increases its power. 

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When those gamma rays travel in the universe, they will pull gas and energy fields with them. Gamma rays are the most high-energy radiation in the universe. The particle that transmits that wave movement is very small, and it sends gamma rays very often. That makes the gamma rays very short-wave. When they travel through the gas clouds gamma rays are making holes into those things. 

When a gamma ray hits an object object it will tunnel through it. But when it hits elementary particles it transfers a little bit of energy to them. The short wavelength causes the situation. That particle has no time to release the extra energy that gamma-ray brings it. When the energy level in a particle rises higher than the environment, the particle sends energy as wave movement and photons. That wave movement pushes them away from each other. 

When gamma rays remove all particles from their route, there is nothing that can reflect radiation. Then there are no particles in the radiation way. There is nothing that can transfer energy into the interstellar nebulars. And in that case, radiation starts to act like a thermal pump that pulls energy with it. That means radiation pulls other quantum fields with it. 

Gamma rays are radiation like all other wave movements. When higher energy radiation travels through lower energy radiation the higher energy radiation pulls that lower energy radiation with it. That means higher energy radiation transfers the energy of the lower energy radiation into itself. And that increases its energy level. 

Same way. When particles travel across the quantum fields they harvest part of them into themselves. That thing is called kinetic energy. That energy transfer continues. Until the particle reaches the point. Where it reaches energy stability. Energy stability means that the particle harvests as much energy as it releases. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unidentified-cosmic-phenomena-fermis-gamma-ray-discovery-shocks-astronomers/

The neutrino interaction.

The term right-handed particle means that the particle spins clockwise relative to the direction axis. The left-handed particle spins anticlockwise relative to its direction axis. The particles and their antiparticle pairs have opposite spin directions. When a particle and its antiparticle-pair impact, that thing causes annihilation or both particles turn into energy. 

The only known particle that has no spin is Higgs Boson. The lifetime for that particle is so short that it has no time for spin. So Higgs Boson's spin is 0. 

Neutrinos are left-handed particles. And that causes their weak interaction with other particles. The right-handed and left-handed particles are turning their south poles against each other. And that thing causes very weak interactions between those particles. That thing means that the neutrinos repel other particles like magnets repel the same poles.

So that thing makes neutrinos able to travel through planets without reactions. When neutrino impacts the planets or other walls it pushes other particles away from its route. The thing that causes interaction is the quark, which is straight in the neutrino's route. 

Without that impact, neutrinos don't react. The particle that slows the neutrino must be at the transversely to the neutrino's axis. Or the interaction is not strong enough that it can make blue light flash. The neutrino's left-handed spin is a remarkable thing. There is the possibility that neutrinos are remnants of antimatter that annihilated with material in the young universe. 

When annihilation happened, neutrinos remained because they had no existing antiparticles. Or there were more left-handed neutrinos than right-handed neutrinos. That asymmetry formed one of the most unusual and fascinating particles that exists in the universe. Sometimes the neutrino's name turns into a "grey photon" because it's like a particle between a photon and other particles. 

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Photon has many similar abilities to neutrinos. But there is one different thing. The photon's spin is 1. And its spin states are  -1 or +1. That means photons can be right- or left-handed. That ability to change the spin direction causes a situation. That the photon can turn into the N/S position to other particles. That two-handed ability makes energy flow through photons. 

Because energy travels from another side to another it causes energy stability to photons. Energy stability means that a photon is the only thing that can travel with the speed of light. The reason why photons cannot travel through walls or planets is that. The other particles come too close to the photon. The energy flow would impact photons into both sides and press it to tape-looking wave movement. 

In the standard model photon is the only stable particle in the universe. The electron is virtually stable because its lifetime is very long. Other long-lived particles are virtually stable, but the only known stable particle is photon. The problem is that the energy flow that travels through photons makes it stable. And nobody knows what happens when photons will go outside the universe. 

It's possible. That photons can annihilate. If a photon, with a spin state is 1 impacts with a photon with that spin state of -1. But that thing could happen only when there is no radiation. In a normal universe, the higher energy photon turns the spin state of the lower energy photon to the same as it has. The requirement for hypothetical photonic annihilation would be that those photons have the absolute same energy level. 

Another thing is that a photon cannot slow its speed because it releases as much energy as it gets. The neutrino's spin is 1/2. That means its spin is locked. The ability to travel even through planets is the reason for that slow spin. 

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In some models, other elementary particles can turn into photons. The thing that could make that thing is the curvature in spacetime. In gravitational models, gravitation is like a funnel around the gravitational center. Curvature in spacetime means that energy turns denser. When a particle travels in that 3D- or ball-shaped funnel energy presses it smaller and smaller. So in that model, the electron turns into a photon when its energy level rises high enough and that funnel presses it into a photon. 

When a particle travels across space, information or energy touches it like plaque. That thing forms the kinetic energy. Particles spin around its axle transporting a little part of that energy out from it. When a particle spins it forms an energy pike to its rotation axle. That energy pike pushes the quantum field out from its poles. 

And that causes a situation where there is a small electromagnetic or quantum low pressure near that thing. That bubble pulls energy away from the particle's poles or rotation axle. The interaction between neutrino and other particles is weak because neutrino's spin is so weak and that causes a situation where neutrino is almost in the energy balance between it and its environment. 

The energy balance between a photon and its environment causes a situation. That photon is the only particle that can reach the speed of light. When a photon gets energy it releases it immediately. The photon's spin is -1 which means that the photon can be left- or right-handed. That causes a situation in which photons can channel energy through it. And that can cause the special form of that particle. 

https://atlas.cern/glossary/handedness

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

Researchers found the first evidence of sterile neutrino.

 Researchers found the first evidence of sterile neutrino. 

"Scientists from the BEST (Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions) experiment have detected a shortfall in germanium 71 production from neutrino interactions, suggesting the possible existence of the sterile neutrino. This anomaly, consistent with previous findings, challenges existing theories and may indicate new physics or unresolved experimental errors. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/The Gallium Anomaly: Uncovering a New Particle in Physics)

Could sterile neutrino and WIMP be the same thing? A sterile neutrino is a hypothetical particle that interacts only through gravity. In some visions, the sterile neutrino is the WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle), the particle that forms dark matter. 

Researchers found the first evidence of sterile neutrino in gallium. The evidence of sterile neutrino could be the breakthrough in physics. Until now the only main type of neutrinos that were found are "dirty neutrinos". When neutrino or any other particle travels in the universe quantum fields or information touches that particle. That quantum field is like plaque on the particle. 

The difference between sterile neutrinos and "dirty" neutrinos is that sterile neutrinos interact only through gravity. In some models, the gravitational interaction between those sterile neutrinos and other materials could explained by a superstring that is around the sterile neutrino.  In that model the sterile neutrino would look a little bit like planet Saturn or maybe, those superstrings are forming a whisk-looking structure around it. That structure would reflect wave movement from neutrino to it. 

In that model, superstring could cause gravitational interaction between material and neutrino. The energy level of a sterile neutrino would be so close to the environment that when it sends radiation or wave movement, the superstring will catch the radiation. And it will shine or reflect it to that hypothetical particle. So there is the electromagnetic shadow at some structure that causes energy flow to that particle. That is one way to explain, why that hypothetical particle will not interact in any other ways than gravity. 

Could a hypothetical sterile neutrino be a right-handed neutrino without a left-handed pair? That means it's like an antineutrino without a neutrino pair. 

All known neutrino types are: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. Those neutrinos are all left-handed, and they have right-handed antineutrino pairs. As I wrote before. All known neutrinos are left-handed. And antineutrinos are right-handed. 

In the early universe, wave-particle duality formed neutrino-antineutrino pairs.  Then some asymmetry in those particle-antiparticle pairs caused the situation that all known neutrinos are left-handed. But there is the possibility that in the young universe also the fourth neutrino group. In that hypothetical group formed more right-handed than left-handed neutrinos. So in that model, the sterile neutrino could be an antineutrino without a neutrino pair. 

The reason for that is this: Annihilation is possible only between particles and antiparticles. So electron and positron or electron neutrino-anti electron neutrino pair can annihilate. But the "pairless antineutrino" or right-handed neutrino cannot annihilate, because that right-handed "sterile" neutrino has no antiparticle-pair. 

But if the sterile neutrino is right-handed. That causes an interesting question: Can researchers find that particle from the group of antineutrinos? Is there "antineutrino" that has no neutrino pair? When neutrinos formed in the young universe Schwinger-effect or wave-particle duality formed neutrino-antineutrino pairs. And then there formed more left-handed neutrinos than right-handed neutrinos. Then those neutrino-antineutrino-pairs destroyed each other in annihilation. 

Because there were more left-handed neutrinos than right-handed neutrinos. The only known natural neutrino-main type is left-handed. But it's possible. That the young universe formed a neutrino-antineutrino pair group, there were more right-handed neutrinos than left-handed neutrinos. That means the sterile neutrino could be "antineutrino" without a neutrino pair. 

https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1905764

https://scitechdaily.com/the-gallium-anomaly-uncovering-a-new-particle-in-physics/

https://neutrino-science.com/is-it-true-that-all-neutrinos-are-left-handed

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_neutrino

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Dark energy: dark interaction that dominates the universe.

Dark energy: dark interaction that dominates the universe. 

The most dominating effect in the universe is dark energy, an unknown interaction. That rips the universe into pieces. We can say that dark energy is some kind of radiation if we mean that radiation is wave movement. The problem is that all models. Those made of dark energy are purely theoretical. 

But we can say that because all other energy forms are wave movement. That means that dark energy should be wave movement. It's possible. That black holes' extremely powerful gravity field can interact with dark energy. 

Astronomer Dr.Timothy Davis says: that black holes have a mysterious non-gravitational influence over material tens of thousands of light years away from them. This is something we have puzzled over as astronomers for many years. Could that thing mean that a black hole can transform dark energy into gravity waves? (ScitechDaily.com/Black Holes’ Glowing Secrets: New Findings Challenge Existing Theories)

Black holes are an important thing. If astronomers want to estimate the universe's ultimate faith. Black holes are an important things. Because lots of material and energy is stored in them. 

"Astronomers have discovered a new way to analyze active black holes, revealing that their microwave and X-ray emissions are similar across different consumption rates. This insight, which challenges previous theories, could significantly advance our understanding of black hole influence on galaxy evolution." (ScitechDaily.com/Black Holes’ Glowing Secrets: New Findings Challenge Existing Theories)

"Astronomers have traced the most powerful and distant fast radio burst (FRB) to a rare cluster of interacting galaxies, challenging existing models of FRB origins and suggesting a connection to dense galactic environments. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/Unprecedented Discovery: Strange “Blob-Like” Origin of Mysterious Record-Breaking Radio Bursts)

"At the start of the hot Big Bang, the Universe was rapidly expanding and filled with high-energy, very densely packed, ultra-relativistic quanta. An early stage of radiation domination gave way to several later stages where radiation was sub-dominant, but never went away completely." BigThink.com/Ask Ethan: Why doesn’t radiation dominate the Universe?)

In some models, the dark energy source is the hypothetical graviton. The idea is that the graviton is a quantum-size black hole between gluon and quark. When that thing rotates. 

It interacts similar way as larger black holes. So when radiation hits the gluon, it travels through the entire atom. And every quantum field from proton's and neutron's shells to electrons and electron shells transforms that radiation wavelength.  

That thing explains why gravity is so a weak force. When radiation travels through a quantum field it makes resonance to that field that transmits radiation forward in a wavelength that is the same as the quantum field's size. The particle or quantum field also absorbs part of that radiation or wave movement. 

The next dominating force is gravity. Gravity is the thing. That pulls the universe into the same point, where the Big Bang happened. That model is too simple, and gravitation is a complicated interaction between particles and radiation. Then we can say that gravitation is only one force in the universe. 

Gravitation is wave movement and that means its energy. Then we can say that in some place near a black hole's event horizon that can transform gravitational waves into X- or gamma-rays. Proving that thing means, that we could get a new energy source. Humans use gravitational energy every day. When the river flows into the hydro plant's turbine and rotates it. That process turns kinetic energy into electromagnetism. 

But theoretically, is possible to make a laser ray. That travels between 100% reflecting mirrors. Then gravitational waves interact with those laser rays, and that thing causes changes in those laser rays' brightness. Then the system can conduct the extra brightness or radiation when the energy level is higher than the base level. The photovoltaic cell transforms that extra energy that the laser ray harvests into electricity. 

The universe is full of complicated interactions like FRBs. The source of some FRBs is a blob-like object. In some theories, the FRBs formed when some black holes vaporized. The FRB could form when gravity waves hit the atoms near vaporizing black holes. 

That thing could unveil the secret of how gravity waves turn to the FRBs. Does that thing happen through kinetic energy when particles that interact with gravity waves hit each other? Or do gravity waves interact with things, like gamma- or X-rays forming radio bursts? 

The new observations are challenging information that we have about black holes. In ScitechDaily.com, an astronomer Dr. Timothy Davis says: “Galaxies care very much about the black holes that exist within their cores. And they probably shouldn’t because, while we always think of black holes as these supermassive beasts consuming everything around them, they are very small and lightweight in the context of an entire galaxy." (ScitechDaily.com/Black Holes’ Glowing Secrets: New Findings Challenge Existing Theories)

 “And yet they have a mysterious non-gravitational influence over material tens of thousands of light years away from them. This is something we have puzzled over as astronomers for many years." (ScitechDaily.com/Black Holes’ Glowing Secrets: New Findings Challenge Existing Theories)

The question about no-gravitational influence is: could that thing be the mythical dark energy? Dark energy is dark interaction. And we can think about the possibility that an extremely powerful gravity field turns dark energy into gravitational waves or some other well-known radiation. In that model, an extremely dense gravity field would make an interaction with dark energy. And that thing could turn dark energy into gravitational waves. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/radiation-dominate-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/black-holes-glowing-secrets-new-findings-challenge-existing-theories/

https://scitechdaily.com/unprecedented-discovery-strange-blob-like-origin-of-mysterious-record-breaking-radio-bursts/

A huge galaxy ring challenges cosmology.

In the  Big Ring (in blue) and Giant Arc (in red) galaxies form a ring-shaped structure. There is the possibility that those megastructures look like corkscrews. If we would see that structure from another angle. Those megastructures formed around some kind of explosion or material eruption. And that model causes an idea that maybe the Big Bang was not a unique case in the Universe's history. 

If those galactic megastructure rings are forming shapes like corkscrews. That thing means that those structures are formed around the cosmic whirls. And maybe that thing can explain the Big Bang. Or that thing explains that there were some kind of whirls or internal anomalies in the shockwave that left from the Big Bang. But what formed those whirls? 

The Big Bang Theory formed a model where material started to escape from the Big Bang point symmetrically. The problem with symmetrically escaping material and energy is that. There will not form whirls. The quantum whirls are the things that formed the first particles. When the Big Bang happened, that thing caused a shockwave. Then some kind of effect caused turbulence in that shockwave. And that turbulence formed the wave-particle duality or Schwinger effect that turned wave movement into particles. 

The model is called wave-particle duality. Requires that there is some kind of impact or particle in the traveling quantum field. The Schwinger effect turns wave movement to particles when two wave fields are crossing. But that thing requires that something forms a whirl in the quantum field. Carefully thinking Schwinger effect turned wave movement into particle-antiparticle pairs. And then those particles impacted and formed annihilation. 

That kind of annihilation reaction or series of annihilations formed impacting waves, that could form material in the form as we know it. But in that model, there were a series of annihilations, that pulled energy levels down. The question is where the first disturbance came from. That formed those first primordial particles. Annihilation is a good model, but that requires that some particles can annihilate. And that requires the particle's existence. 

That means the Big Bang was a series of events. And maybe there was some material in the young universe. That is not possible in our universe. If we think of baryons that include one top and two bottom quarks, that particle is very short-living. But in the young and high-energy universe that material might exist in a very short time. 

And could the "primordial hydrogen" form of baryon that had two bottom and one top quark, and maybe muons could act as electrons for that material? The existence of that hypothetical material remained for a very short time. When the energy level in the universe decreased that primordial material vanished. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67950749

https://news.sky.com/story/amp/scientists-make-huge-discovery-that-challenges-our-understanding-of-the-universe-13046272

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

The Cheshire cat effect debunked.

"Recent studies challenge the quantum Cheshire cat effect’s initial interpretation, highlighting the role of contextuality in quantum mechanics. This research suggests that the perceived separation of particles and their properties is a result of how quantum systems are measured, not an actual physical phenomenon. Understanding this could unlock new insights into quantum mechanics and its applications. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily.com/Dissecting the Quantum Illusion: Debunking the Cheshire Cat Effect)

The next part of the text means that the particle cannot leave or separate itself from its properties. But the particle can multiply its properties into another particle. And if the particle transfers its quantum field and quantum field's oscillation to another particle. The receiving particle's energy level rises so high level that it covers the original particle below its shine. 

The particle and its properties cannot separated from each other. And that means the Cheshire cat effect is not possible. 

The Cheshire cat-effect in quantum mechanics was a hypothesis that the particle can separated from its properties. But that thing was not possible. And the particle is always connected to its properties. 

In some models, superposition makes two identical particles. And if the energy level on the other side of the superposition steps to a far higher energy level than the other. In that model, the "shine" of the other particle covers the original particle. 

The model goes like this. First particle 1 makes superposition and entanglement with particle 2. The energy level of particle 2 turns higher than particle 1. That means the shine of particle 2 covers the particle 1. The reason why this superposition and entanglement must go like this is that explains why researchers cannot see differences in an "empty" quantum field. 

But when we think about the situation in which a particle seems to leave its properties behind it, we can think that the particle's quantum field is the thing, that we call properties. So the case should look like this. The particle disappears or changes its position. And then that particle leaves an "empty quantum field behind it". And the question is how this thing happens? 

Some other particles like quark or gluon may reach the same energy level as electrons. Quarks and gluons are far smaller than electrons. 

And if they get the same energy level or mass as electrons the electron's quantum field can make a superposition with that quantum field. The energy flow from the quark or gluon would be very strong. And that makes it very hard to detect and recognize the particle. If there is some kind of particle. The virtual particle can also have a quantum field. 

So how could researchers think during some tests particles separated from their properties? That is an interesting question. The particle leaves its position and leaves the quantum field behind it. That field acts like the particle's or particle-pairs original quantum field act. 

That thing might be some kind of virtual effect, where some particle made a superposition with some other, different types of particle, like an electron-quark pair.  Could that thing be possible? 

Theoretically electron can make a superposition with, as an example, the quark's quantum field in the case that the quark reaches the same energy level (mass) as an electron. 

So in this case, some particle that gets the same mass as the first particle can get superposition into its quantum field. The fascinating model is that theoretically is possible. That hypothetical graviton particle will reach the same energy level or mass as an electron. And that thing can form the "empty quantum field". 

https://phys.org/news/2015-06-quantum-cheshire-cat-effect-standard.html

https://scitechdaily.com/dissecting-the-quantum-illusion-debunking-the-cheshire-cat-effect/

Hunting of dark photons.

 Hunting of dark photons. 

The reason why a photon is forever could be that it recycles energy through it. In that model, the photon gets as much energy as it delivers. And that energy stability makes the photon the only known particle, that reaches the speed of light. Also, still, hypothetical gravitons can reach the speed of light. 

But in some models, a graviton is a static particle that sends only wave movement. So in this model, graviton will not move like photons. It is the static point, and the only thing that is gravitation that moves is the wave movement. In electromagnetism, photons can move as in particle or wave movement forms. 

 In some models, the dark photon is a particle that travels in quantum fields like stealth aircraft. In that model, there should be a double-layer quantum field around the dark photon. The outer layer will make other quantum fields slide over dark photons. In that model, the hypothetical dark photon can be a chameleon particle. The quantum field around the particle looks like a red giant star. Those giant stars have no clear impact point where their atmosphere is turned into space.  

If we want to use that model taken from stars to explain why we cannot see dark photons we can say that there is the point is the dark photons quantum field where its energy level is the same as its environment. That means there is no information change between a dark photon and its environment. The most out layer of that particle would merge with its environment. 

 "Illustration of two types of long-lived particles decaying into a pair of muons, showing how the signals of the muons can be traced back to the long-lived particle decay point using data from the tracker and muon detectors. Credit: CMS/CERN" (ScitechDaily.com/The Mysterious World of Dark Photons: Trailblazing Particle Hunt With the Large Hadron Collider)

Researchers believe that dark photon exists. In modern hypothetical models, the dark photon is a particle. That is as fast as a photon but unseen. The idea is that the dark photon would somehow avoid interaction with quantum fields in their environment. 

In some models, the dark photon is a photon the energy level is very high. That thing causes a situation where wave movement escapes from that particle. Then the Schwinger effect turns the dark photon into a photon and maybe a muon. The problem is that because the dark photon is invisible, researchers have a problem determining the point where the decay results form. 

The model of how a hypothetical dark photon decays is taken from Higgs Boson. Many decay productions form when Higgs Boson decays very soon. Things like W and anti-W boson pairs are confirmed. The W and anti-W boson pairs give a hint that the Schwinger effect forms those particles. Schwinger effect always from particle-antiparticle pair, and that thing means that there is a model, that most of the decay produced from Higgs Boson forms in the shockwave interaction between decaying Higgs Boson and its environment. 

There is predicted a muon-antimuon pair that decay of Higgs Boson forms. The idea is that when Higgs Boson splits there forms a quantum tunnel between those splitting halfs. The decay of Higgs Boson may form more than two primary particles. Primary particles are particles, that form just in the decay process. 

Most of those decay particles that source are particles in the top energy levels. Are short-living. Their energy level is very high. And that means that those primary particles themselves form particles that are secondary particles. If we take the timeline from the Higgs Boson. But some of those decay productions are photons. 

Every decay process forms photons. The sensor must recognize if the photon forming in the primary decay of Higgs Boson or is annihilation production or the secondary particle's decay production. The problem is that the W and anti-W bosons annihilating. And that annihilation reaction forms flashes that can cover particles that the primary particle's decay produces. 

The dark photon can decay like Higgs Boson. Or it simply blows its energy away. That energy flow would turn it into a "regular" photon. And the same time it corms the Schwinger effect that forms short-living particles. Dark photons may form in the middle of the Higgs Boson's decay produces. 

When those produces travel outside the decay point, they form a small, short-term electromagnetic- or quantum vacuum. That vacuum pushes superstrings, or extremely thin quantum fields together. And that thing forms the dark photon. And maybe we can someday see dark photons and measure their interactions. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-mysterious-world-of-dark-photons-trailblazing-particle-hunt-with-the-large-hadron-collider/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_photon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon