There are many other things. Then just gravity that affects the universe.

“Dark energy may be changing with time—reshaping the story of the Universe itself. Credit: SciTechDaily.com. New research suggests that dark energy, the mysterious force driving the Universe’s accelerating expansion, might not be constant after all.” (ScitechDaily, Supercomputer Simulations Reveal a Shifting Dark Energy)

Dark energy is shifting. And the reason for that can be in the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands, particles release more energy. At the same time. When that energy is released. The distance. Between objects grows. And that weakens the gravitational effect. This is one thing that can explain why the universe seems to expand faster and sometimes slower than it should. But the problem is this. Things like redshift depend on gravitation. This means the distant supermassive black holes stretch light. And that turns the light. Wavelength longer. This is one of the reasons why distant “little red dots” seem red. But another thing is that. Also, things like our galaxy itself stretch the light. 

But how much gravity stretches light and time? Time moves faster on Mars than on Earth. Earth's gravity can cause measurable time dilation. Mars is heavier than the Moon. The time moves 56 microseconds faster on the Moon than on Mars. Clock is ticking 447 microseconds faster on Mars. 

The clock should be ticking faster. On the moon than it ticks now. But the Moon has a large mass near it. That means Earth’s gravity, along with a closer distance to the Sun. It can cause a stronger time dilation on the Moon. Than. Time dilation is on Mars. Things like energy level. Radiation and other things. In the environment. It can also have an effect. On. Time dilation. But gravitation, counter radiation. And other things can affect the redshift.

Does that gravity affect the measurements? In the same way, galaxies and stars contribute to redshift. Maybe those measurements don’t mean much in short distances. But when distances are billions of light-years, even a small anomaly has a big effect. 

That turns the virtual redshift stronger. And this is the thing. That. We should understand.  Because all gravity centers. Stretch light. That moves the spectrum to red. The redshift is stronger near Earth than it is on Mars. 

Things like gravitational lenses also focus energy. Or wave movement into certain points. And maybe those points have a stronger effect on the universe. Another thing that modern observations have uncovered. The thing is that. The quasar's radiation has changed. The 50-year observations prove that thing. 

The expansion of the universe can explain that thing. While. The universe is expanding. There is less material, and quantum fields are weaker. And that causes. The change in the quasars and their radiation. When quantum fields are turning weaker. The material level. The universe decreases. Which. Causes a change in quasars’ radiation. This is one way to think about the black hole’s roles in the universe. When the universe expands, black holes also release energy that they bind from their environment. There is a possibility that supermassive black holes are not as universal as people thought. There are supermassive black holes. Those that are surrounded by more dark matter than others. 

“An artist’s impression of a bright quasar almost outshining its host galaxy. Credit: Dimitrios Sakkas (tomakti), Antonis Georgakakis, Angel Ruiz, Maria Chira (NOA). New observations suggest that the relationship between light emitted by quasars has changed over cosmic time, hinting that the structure around supermassive black holes may not be as universal as once thought. Astronomers from around the world have uncovered strong evidence suggesting that the material surrounding supermassive black holes has not remained the same throughout the history of the universe.” (ScitechDaily, Breaking a 50-Year Law: New Evidence Challenges Fundamental Black Hole Physics)

“Most of the universe is made of unseen components that reveal themselves only through subtle effects on galaxies and cosmic structure. Using an expanded set of observations from the Dark Energy Camera, researchers analyzed distortions in the shapes of hundreds of millions of galaxies to test the leading cosmological model. Credit: SciTechDaily.com”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

“By studying faint distortions in galaxy shapes across a vast region of sky, scientists probed the hidden structure of the universe.In the standard picture of the universe, nearly everything is hidden from view. About 95 percent of the cosmos consists of dark matter and dark energy, substances that cannot be seen directly and are still not fully understood”. (ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

"Even so, they play a major role in shaping the universe, with dark matter influencing how galaxies form through gravity and dark energy causing the expansion of space to speed up. Scientists learn about these unseen components by tracking how they affect visible objects, and researchers at the University of Chicago have now studied these effects across a newly analyzed region of the sky.”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

There is new information. Dark energy and dark matter are connected. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) can send radiation. Or an invisible wave movement. If. Those WIMP particles are things. That forms dark matter. Their nature can explain dark energy. If. Dark matter particles exist. It's possible that. Those particles spin so fast. That quantum fields. Cannot touch them all the time. When those particles spin, they roll quantum fields onto them. That means they form a gravity effect. 

When. The quantum field separates from those particles. They. Send a wave movement. If. A quantum field slides over a particle. That means the wave movement can take that energy with it. This causes the idea. That may be. Some other gravitational centers form the dark matter. Or, maybe energy flow that slides over particles is enough. To transform a particle into an invisible one. The thing is that. Those particles might have some effect that makes quantum fields slide over them. 

The gravitational center causes quantum fields to travel over those particles. This means the energy flow interacts with particles, as they interact with stealth bombers. They slide over the particle. And because there is. Some gravitational center. That puts energy in motion; we cannot get a reflection from that matter. The reason for that could be that the gravitational center causes energy flow that denies straight reflection. This thing will not need any of the gravity centers. The moving energy is enough. 

https://eos.org/articles/the-relatively-messy-problem-with-lunar-clocks

https://scitechdaily.com/breaking-a-50-year-law-new-evidence-challenges-fundamental-black-hole-physics/

https://sciencenotes.org/dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-map-the-invisible-universe-revealing-new-clues-about-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/supercomputer-simulations-reveal-a-shifting-dark-energy/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/mars/time-travels-faster-on-mars-than-on-earth-and-heres-why

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_red_dot_(astronomical_object)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift

Does time exist only in matter, or does it exist also in space?

Time is a complex thing. 

Is it possible that time doesn’t exist? The fact is that time exists, but its form is not certain. The time can be only a matter: Or particles. Or it can be in space. When. We think. About. Time is a form of particles, or an effect that transforms particles into wave movement. When the universe expands, it. Makes quantum fields weaker. And that can turn particles into wave movement. When the universe expands, particles release energy. And that increases entropy into the system. 

Also, vaporization is an event. These particles turn into energy. And that means that free energy in the system destroys it. Particles are condensed energy fields. To stay in the form of a particle, those fields require another field. That presses against them. Without that field, the material will be vaporized immediately. 

When we think about the multiverse theory and the ability to observe other universes. The quantum fields. That means four interactions: gravity and electromagnetism. And strong. And weak nuclear interactions. Once, Albert Einstein said that everything is relative. If wave movement travels from another universe, that wave has no resistance at all. This means those waves may turn straight. And then it’s possible that they cannot reach other universes. 

Because of radiation from, for example, our universe. It doesn’t let that radiation in. The quantum field outside the universe also forms a shockwave. That doesn’t let radiation from other universes into our universe. This quantum field is a requirement for other universes. The thing that supports that model. About a quantum field. Outside the universe. It is that. Without an outside quantum field, the universe loses its energy like a balloon. Without that resistance, the universe. Ends its existence. 

Time can exist in materia. Or, it can exist in space. 

In Einstein’s model, the universe has four dimensions. Three is in space, and one is in time. Or if the time. The dimension that travels backward is independent; the universe has five dimensions. The idea is that time can travel backwards in objects. If. The escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. This event is called time dilation. Time slows in an object. When its speed approaches. The speed of light. This event doesn’t require time as a dimension. When an object travels through the universe, quantum fields touch it like a spider web. 

When a particle accelerates. Quantum fields. Act like water. It touches the particle. The particle can bind that field more effectively when it travels fast. 

When a particle’s speed decreases. It. It cannot bind as much energy as a fast-moving particle. And time moves faster. When. A particle binds more energy than it releases. Time travels in a certain direction because the past is at a higher energy level. But if the universe’s expansion can stop. And the universe starts to shrink. Does time start? To move backward? That requires that the universe has the same amount of energy. That it got from the Big Bang. 

This requires that. There is no energy flowing from the universe. Or the universe presses its fields denser. That pushes energy into the universe’s particles. The thing is that the universe leaks. There is energy that travels out from the universe, faster than matter. That means the universe’s temperature decreases. And that makes the gravitational effect stronger. 

So, if the universe starts to shrink, it might leave energy out from its edge. 

It turns younger. And when a particle releases energy, it turns older. We can say that space is an energy field. If. The energy field’s level rises. Particle’s vaporization turns slower. The energy field can affect particles by slowing or accelerating time. If we say that time means evaporation, or turning into wave motion. 

The idea of quantum gravitation is that spinning particles roll energy fields into them. That makes energy travel to the gravity center. The thing that makes quantum gravity problematic is this. Every single elementary particle in the system is the gravitational center. When those elementary particles, like quarks, roll the energy fields into them. That means those particles roll the energy field also between them. And that can destroy the material structures. 

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/the-closer-we-look-at-time-the-stranger-it-gets

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

Gravitational lensing and twist in the universe’s expansion.

“Timing delays in quasar light bent by massive galaxies offer a fresh way to measure the universe’s expansion, and the results deepen the rift between early- and late-universe estimates. This growing tension may be a clue that something fundamental about cosmic physics is still undiscovered. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

When there is a difference between observations and theoretical models, it means. Something is missing from the model. The missing thing. It might be the fifth force or some other large-scale effect. Like a spinning megastructure. Because the material is not homogeneously spread. Through the universe. That means its effects are not homogeneous. The just-found megastructures are like strings throughout the universe, and they should cause interactions. That slows large areas in the universe. 

Things like previously unknown high-energy reactions can also cause unpredictable effects in the universe. When GRB or CRB injects energy into particles, they will not deliver that energy straight away. They glow or. Deliver energy for a while. 

Those megastructures can also form a maser effect inside them. That means. They will collect energy into those massive structures. Like. Metal tubes do. When a magnetic field forms inside it by rolling an electric wire around that tube. Those megastructures act like all other tubes. But they are far larger. So, they might have a stronger electromagnetic effect than previously thought. 

The previously unknown megastructures can cause a need. To re-estimate cosmological principles. An extremely. A large megastructure. It can have a gravitational effect on large parts. Of the universe. Those spinning megastructures that can close chains of galactic superclusters. Inside them can cause previously unknown interactions in some areas of the universe.  That means the universe’s expansion speed might not be the same everywhere

The universe’s expansion is slowing. Or, is it? The question is about the Hubble constant, which is thought to be 73 km/s per megaparsec (km/s/mpc). But in some new measurements, the Hubble constant is slowing down to 67 km/s/mpc. But there is also a possibility. The expansion of the universe. It is not the same everywhere. This means that. There are masses. That. We don’t know in the universe. If something slows the expansion of the remarkable part of the universe, that thing must be very massive. The thing that slows the expansion can be in the universe. Or, outside the universe. Or something else. The expansion of the universe depends on many things. Like, cosmic voids. 

And the differences between quantum field energy levels. Those things cause energy flows. That can have. An unexpected, powerful effect on the universe’s expansion. If. The effect’s area is large enough. It can have. An effect. On the entire universe. There are observations. The universe’s expansion. This is not in line with a young universe. The reason. For It. It can be that the radiation and temperature in the young universe. It was higher than in the modern universe. But that universe caused a stronger redshift in space around it. 

Nobody expected that. Objects were close to each other, and they caused redshift between each other. We can think. About things. Like merging black holes. Those black holes stretch radiation also between them. In the young universe, the scattering effect was stronger. And this caused the idea that the young universe needed. To have components. That is unknown. Some quite common particles. In the young universe. Exist in the modern universe. In very high-energy areas. Also, those exotic particles existed longer in the young universe. This can cause measurement mistakes. If. We use models. Those were made for the modern universe.

“A montage of eight time-delay gravitational lens systems. There’s an entire galaxy at the center of each image, and the bright points in rings around them are gravitationally lensed images of quasars behind the galaxy. These images are false-color and are composites of data from different telescopes and instruments. Credit: ©2025 TDCOSMO Collaboration et al. CC-BY-ND” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

It’s possible that the hypothetical fifth force is not a new force. It might be some previously unknown interaction between known natural forces. And, maybe EM-fields. If the model doesn’t fit the system, it means something is missing. 

Gravity and light interact. In the same way, new observations show. Electromagnetic fields can also have. A stronger interaction with light. Than predicted. This means the fifth force might not be some new force. It might be a previously unknown interaction. “Scientists have recently discovered an interaction between an electromagnetic wave and its own magnetic component as it passes through a material, updating a 180-year-old assumption that only accounted for the interaction between light and its electric field.” (Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“This phenomenon, the Faraday effect (FE), was first described in 1845 by Michael Faraday, providing some of the earliest evidence of interaction between magnetism and light waves.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“It describes how a beam of light passing through a transparent material is affected when that material is subjected to a magnetic field. Specifically, this changes the direction of polarization of that light beam.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

For a simplified perspective, light can be unpolarized or polarized. When light is unpolarized, its electromagnetic oscillations occur in various directions (perpendicular to its plane of travel).”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

So can some other interaction. Between photons and light remains unknown. Another thing is that. If some particles travel out from the universe faster than the main material. That means those particles can decay or vaporize throughout the universe. This means that those particles release energy, which pushes the universe or even large megastructures back. 

The light and its interaction with gravity mean that the light. Will not necessarily travel on straight routes. Gravitational lenses bend light. Also, things like string gravitational fields can stretch light. This causes an unexpected redshift. Things like cosmic voids can also cause an effect. The wave movement that travels into those voids can jump back from its center. The universe is full of cosmic voids. That means. Those voids can collect and reflect energy. In the same way. Spinning megastructures.  It can bind energy into them. When those megastructures spin, that spin binds energy. And those megastructures can have a large-scale effect on the universe. The previously unknown structures and interactions can affect things. Like, the Hubble constant. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-180-year-assumption-about-light-was-just-proven-wrong

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-one-of-the-largest-rotating-structures-ever-seen-in-the-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitational-lensing-reveals-a-twist-in-the-universes-expansion/

Gravitation and beyond.

“A 1977 theory known as quadratic gravity was long left to languish because of its negative-energy “ghost” particle. But the ghost might not be a deal-breaker after all.” (Quanta, Old ‘Ghost’ Theory of Quantum Gravity Makes a Comeback)

Is it possible that gravitation is not one single force? Or is it possible that dark energy forms dark matter when that energy string travels through the particle? The gravity wave is like an energy ditch that travels through the universe. And that pulls objects into them. 

The gravitation model goes like this. The fast-spinning particle binds energy. From around it. And transforms that energy into kinetic energy. If that energy field is lost, that forms a situation. Where the particle or object starts to send energy. Out of it. If we think that there are hypothetical tachyons, faster-than-light particles, those particles will be invisible until they slow their speed. At a speed. That is slower than the speed of light. So are photons the codensation fields? But there is another gravitational model. That could support the existence of tachyons. The tachyon would be a particle. 

That can tunnel through other particles. This phenomenon behaves as a thermal pump. That takes energy. Out of the particle. When energy travels. From a particle, outside energy tries to fill that space. So, are Hawking radiation and gravity the same thing? And are tachyons and gravitons the same thing? The fact is that. The evaporation of particles. It can also occur. Energy fields into it. 

So we have four forms of gravitation. 

1) Quantum evaporation makes that bind energy. That means when the universe expands. Quantum fields in the universe. Turn weaker. That causes an effect. The particle acts like an ice bite that melts in the room. Same way. As ice. A particle that turns into a wave movement. Requires energy for that process. That binds energy from the room. 

2) When the particle spins very fast, it binds energy from its environment. That makes energy fields travel to the particle. That binds energy from its environment. And when the energy field travels to a particle, or gravitational center. That traveling field transports particles with it. 

3) Fast-moving particles like hypothetical tachyons travel through a particle. That makes those particles act like a thermal pump. When those particles. That tunnel itself goes through another particle. They transport energy out of it. The particle acts like a thermal pump. 

That causes an induction thought. 

4) Can dark matter form when dark energy, or an extremely short-wave energy string, travels through a particle? In that model, dark energy is a wave movement that acts like a thermal pump. It takes energy with it. And if it can bind enough energy, it denies the reflection. 

5) The string model. So, can there be a string model of gravity? There is also a possibility. That gravitational effect forms in quantum entanglement. Between two quarks or some other particles, or even between entire atoms, which makes quantum entanglement between them. If that kind of quantum channel forms between two atoms. That effect forms the quantum tornado, or quantum channel, between those atoms. And then outside energy fields push those particles or structures toward each other. 

Cherenkov radiation glowing in the core of the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory.

"Cherenkov radiation is an electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of propagation of a wavefront in a medium) of light in that medium.[2] A classic example of Cherenkov radiation is the characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor. Its cause is similar to the cause of a sonic boom, the sharp sound heard when faster-than-sound movement occurs. The phenomenon is named after Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov."(Wikipedia, Cherenkov radiation)

If somewhere is a sound barrier, could there be a light barrier? The blue-light shockwave or Cherenkov radiation supports that model. Cherenkov radiation forms when a particle travels faster than light travels in water. The particle cannot travel faster than the speed of light. So it must release its energy. So that its speed can decrease. And we see that thing as the blue light shockwave around nuclear reactors. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen. Researchers have developed a new quantum theory that for the first time defines the precise shape of a photon, showing its interaction with atoms and its environment."

Photon. The photon is like a wheel. And that can explain why it has energy stability. There it gets as much energy. As it releases. Energy transfers into a photon from inside and outside. Or, the photon has. A little bit higher energy level. Than the environment.  This can explain why a photon has no mass either. Because a photon cannot release or bind energy. Or the photon has a slightly higher energy level than its environment. Which means energy cannot travel to the photon. Because a photon transmits energy to its environment. That means the photon pushes other particles away. Because a photon conducts energy from its environment. It makes the photon hover above the environment. We can think. If there could be some kind of string. That transmits energy to a photon. That energy pushes fields and particles out from the photon. That explains why a photon has no mass, and that model also works if the photon is stopped. 

Sonic boom. 

Subsonic Mach 1 Supersonic Shock wave. If tachyon exists. It should behave like this. 

Wave movement or an extremely fast particle that tunnels through other particles and systems can take energy with it. That acts like a thermal pump, which can take so much energy with it, that there is no other reflection from the particle. 

The wave movement that tunnels through the particle also acts like a thermal pump. If wave movement travels through a particle, it can make that particle invisible. In that case, the wave, or energy string, can pull energy through the particle so fast that it cannot send a reflection. The thing that makes a particle invisible is the reflection. If there is some kind of quantum flow through the particle. That takes enough energy with it, that denies the reflection. 

In models. A particle is like a whisk. The superstring forms a structure. There is a model. There can be a quantum-sized black hole in every particle. The relativistic jet can transport energy in two directions. And that is one thing that could keep particles in their form. 

There is a small. Quantum low-pressure inside it. Superstrings are extremely thin waves. The spin of a particle forms a small quantum whirl around it. And we see that thing as a particle. When one extremely thin superstring travels through the particle. That thing can transport all the energy. Out of the particle. With it. And that thing makes the particle invisible. Or, the particle is invisible to an observer who doesn’t stand in the line of the superstring that carries energy out from the particle. This makes energy fall. To the particle. And the speed of the energy flow determines. How strongly quantum fields travel to the particle.

There is another thing that can make material invisible. That is the quantum entanglement between two photons. If two photons make some kind of electromagnetic tornado, or channel between them. That thing makes the quantum tube, and if that tube goes through the quantum fields. Energy that travels through that channel can make particles around it invisible. And this can make the ultimate stealth system possible. 

So if we someday could make a tachyon engine. That engine should be the system that sends tachyons forward rather than backward. Those tachyons can make a channel through the space, and that channel pulls craft into it. The confirmation of tachyons is not. A very easy thing. Tachyons are tachyons only if they travel faster than the speed of light. And that means tachyon remains for a very short time. When a tachyon escapes from a black hole. That particle releases its extra energy. 

The gravitational model is hard to make. Gravitation makes particles and fields behave like low-energy particles. Gravitation puts energy. To travel to the gravitational center. And that forms the “shadow” to the side of gravitational centers. That energy shadow causes a situation. Where the field. At the opposite side of the particle that travels to the gravitational center. Pushes the particle into it. The season for why nothing can escape from inside the black hole’s event horizon is this. There is no field or particle that can travel faster than the speed of light. Because particles ride on the field, the effect is similar. As we try to make a boat to travel against the river flow. We must put the propeller spin so fast. It can push water flow backward faster than the river flows. 

The engine should make the electromagnetic wave. Into the energy, or quantum field flow, that it can push against it. If the flow takes that wave away, the object cannot move forward. The problem is: how to make a quantum shadow. To the front of the object. The system should fire particles against the flowing field. That it can turn the field to move past it. The idea of the tachyon engine is that there can be a particle that travels faster than light. 

In modern models.

A hypothetical tachyon. It can be the carrier particle. That carries the Hawking radiation. The thing that supports this model is that. When a tachyon travels through space. It leaves a quantum boom.  That is similar to a sonic boom. Behind it. That quantum sonic boom, or “crossing the light wall,”. Causes a situation.  Where there is a higher-energy wave behind  the hypothetical tachyon that denies other energy, and quantum fields travel to that cone. The photon. It would form when a tachyon slows its speed below the speed of light. So in this model. The photon is the condensation ring of the quantum field. That forms when a hypothetical tachyon releases its kinetic energy to the quantum field around it. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/old-ghost-theory-of-quantum-gravity-makes-a-comeback-20251117/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_barrier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

Quantum systems are the border between reality and imagination.

"Researchers have unveiled a method for passing fragile quantum states between separate photon sources, a key function for future quantum networks. The result suggests that scalable, tamper-proof communication may be closer than expected. Credit: Shutterstock," (ScitechDaily,  Scientists Teleport Information Between Distant Photons for the First Time)

Researchers made the first long-distance quantum teleportation between two photons. In that type of communication, the system transmits wave movement between two photons. The system creates a channel between those photons, and then the wave movement transports information between them. This type of system provides a secure data transmission method between photons that oscillate at the same frequency. When the wave movement travels through that channel, it puts another photon into resonance. This is called superposition. And quantum entanglement. 

Before data transmission is possible, the system must synchronize those photons. Or, they must be put into superposition. And then. The system starts to transmit data. The biggest problem with long-distance quantum entanglement. And a long-distance quantum  data transmission. It is to keep the quantum channel between those photons open. If that quantum channel is closing. That causes resistance. That destroys data. The system transmits through that channel. This is the thing. That makes quantum networks safer.

One of the reasons that makes quantum teleportation and quantum systems hard to create is the error correlation. For successful error correlation, the system must find the error. And. Check the quantum computers' calculation can take thousands of years. Another thing. That makes quantum networks and quantum computers hard to make. It is: how to calculate quantum states. The quantum computer requires a quantum simulation. So that the system can prepare itself for quantum data transmission and quantum computing. 

When we think about complicated quantum algorithms and calculations. We must realize one thing. The problem can be effective. Or it can be non-effective or virtual. Even if we think that all quantum fields have an effect on quantum computers and quantum networks. The reality is that the field must have an energy level that is high enough. Or, the field’s state must be strong enough that it has an effect. All fields. It does not have a strong enough force. that they can affect the quantum networks. So the system must select only fields that have an effect. Another thing is that the form of the field must be right, so that it can resonate with the system. 

The simulator must know all values. That has an effect on the system. So that it can create a simulation.  The system uses those simulations to adjust the quantum system’s particle energy levels and interactions. Data can travel in quantum entanglement. Only from a higher-energy particle. To a lower energy particle. When those particles reach the same energy level that forms the quantum soliton, that destroys the quantum entanglement. The quantum soliton or standing wave causes energy reflection in the quantum wire, which transports information. 

"Researchers at Swinburne have developed a fast new way to check whether certain quantum computers, specifically Gaussian Boson Samplers, are actually producing the results they claim, without waiting millennia for a supercomputer to verify them. Their method can flag errors in minutes on an ordinary laptop, revealing unexpected noise in a recent experiment that would otherwise take 9,000 years to validate. Credit: Shutterstock." (ScitechDaily, If Quantum Computing Is Solving “Impossible” Questions, How Do We Know They’re Right?)

Quantum versions of derivative and integral calculus will be the holy grail for quantum technology. 

The ability to calculate quantum field interactions with particles. And backward, particle interactions with the quantum field would make it possible to create those quantum systems. The reason why. That is very hard to make. Is the energy lost in that interaction? The particle is not absolutely smooth. There are small hills and valleys. So, the field will be separated from the particle. And that means the oscillation will not transmit perfectly between fields and particles. 

We could compare those calculations.  A little bit with the derivative. And integral calculus functions. The integral function is the mathematical model. That is used to check integrals. The integral function is the formula that is the opposite of the derivative function. Or the way to calculate derivatives is backward. The problem with quantum calculations is that they are not basically mathematical or physical formulas. The physics formula describes particles as stable or static objects, or it describes objects as fields. 

The quantum formula introduces objects as the oscillating entireties called “quantum”. Sometimes the quantum calculations are described as systems that must introduce some kind of foam, which changes its state and form indefinitely. The system must take into account. Things like. The energy level and energy type of the system. The position and direction of the particle in the quantum field make the effect. The system must handle multiple variables, like the internal and external interactions. 

And this makes those algorithms very complicated. The biggest difference between quantum and regular systems is this: in regular systems, Data travels in wave movement. Wave motion can be described as a traveling field. In quantum systems, data is connected to physical particles. 

So, the quantum versions of derivative and integral formulas would be the holy grail for quantum technology. The system must calculate the interface between particles and fields around them. The system must notice things. Like natural. Or artifact quantum field interaction with the data transporters and receivers. Things like changes in quantum fields that things. Like, maybe gravitational waves and cosmic rays can affect quantum systems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/if-quantum-computing-is-solving-impossible-questions-how-do-we-know-theyre-right/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-teleport-information-between-distant-photons-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton

The new results of Muon g-2 experiments still cause discussions.

“The final (world average) result for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment after a series of experiments at major laboratories. Credit: Physics magazine, American Physical Society” (Phys.org, Final experimental result for the muon still challenges theorists)

The final experiment of the muon experiment. Still challenges physics. The muon g-2 experiment. Still causes discussions. Those anomalies in the Muon trajectory exist. Those anomalies fit into the predicted limit. But they simultaneously continue. And that causes work for theorists. The Muon is a high-energy. And a smaller version of an electron. The anomaly is curvature in the muon trajectory means. That something. That researchers cannot detect. affect the muon itself. Or the magnetic field that controls muons in particle accelerators. This means that there should be something that we cannot predict. 

There is a possibility that: 

1)There is some kind of unknown force that affects muons' trajectory. Maybe that thing is the mythic fifth force. 

2) It’s possible that the particle accelerator that is the low-energy synchrotron creates some kind of mass effect in the middle of it. When a particle runs in the low-energy synchrotron, or ring-shaped accelerator, that thing packs energy in the middle of the ring. That energy can impact the particle. That is in the middle of the synchrotron, and that can form a similar form as some kind of neutron star form. 

The image above. Introduces how plasma field injects energy into black holes. The ring-shaped structures can always inject energy into particles or other objects. In the same way. We can imagine that the synchrotron is in the place of that dark belt. And it transfers energy into an object. That is in the middle of the synchrotron. 

But the energy level in those other reactions is lower. And the energy object, or mass effect, in the middle of the ring-shaped synchrotron could behave in a way that this thing supports the muon g-2 anomaly model. The object in the field doesn’t deliver its energy all the time. The energy level in the particle must rise so high. That. It's higher than in the environment. When the energy level in a particle turns high enough. It can deliver its energy from the equator. Normally, it will deliver energy only from the spin axle. 

“The g − 2 storage-ring magnet at Fermilab, which was originally designed for the Brookhaven g − 2 experiment. The geometry allows for a very uniform magnetic field to be established in the ring.” (Wikipedia, Muon g-2)

This means the energy that this particle delivers must break the magnetic fields in the accelerator. And that requires that the particle or object can store enough energy in it. In that model, the object delivers its energy from the equator. That which affects the muons' route in pulses. And those pulses can explain the curvature in the muon’s trajectory. 

The particle in the middle of the synchrotron can have more mass when it gets symmetrical energy loads. And then that particle, whose energy level rises. Can change the muon trajectory. When energy impulses hit that particle, it sends it from its poles. That effect is similar to relativistic jets. But it's on a much lower energy level.. That can cause an anomaly in the magnetic field. 

3) The muon can collide with dark matter. Those things are one of the things. That causes grey hair for researchers. 

The remarkable thing is that the muon g-2 anomaly happens in the low-energy synchrotrons. This means that it's possible that the accelerator form. Some kind of mass center in the middle of it. These kinds of mass centers can be seen. Only in the low-energy accelerators. In high-energy systems, the kinetic energy is in those particles. And their speed will be too high, and those mass centers will not be detected. Or, they cannot affect those particles in the way that those sensors can detect them. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-11-experimental-result-muon-theorists.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon_g-2

The existence of tachyons explains the nature of gravity.

Can tachyon be the same as graviton? Tachyon is a hypothetical faster-than-light particle.  That particle cannot exist in the 3rd dimension because nothing can travel faster than light. The graviton is a hypothetical. Transporter boson of gravity. If we think of a possibility. That we could find tachyon in our universe. That point is near black holes. There are models that we cannot observe tachyons. Because. When they interact with 3D particles or space and time. Tachyons release their energy immediately. That means a photon can form when a tachyon releases its kinetic energy. And the ring shape of the photon supports that model. 

The idea is this. When a black hole binds energy, or quantum fields from around it. And turns those fields into kinetic energy. That energy turns some particles into tachyons. If tachyon exists. It can escape from a black hole. So, that means tachyons can be a source of so-called Hawking radiation. If a tachyon travels in the universe, it can leave a similar energy cone behind it. 

As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. If a tachyon can form a quantum version of a sonic boom, that means the quantum low pressure follows that hypothetical particle. That thing makes. Quantum fields fall into those cones. And that explains why gravity can only pull things. The tachyon can also make the Hawking radiation possible. 

"A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always travels faster than light. Physicists posit that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are inconsistent with the known laws of physics. If such particles did exist they perhaps could be used to send signals faster than light and into the past. "(Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"According to the theory of relativity this would violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes such as the grandfather paradox. Tachyons would exhibit the unusual property of increasing in speed as their energy decreases, and would require infinite energy to slow to the speed of light. No verifiable experimental evidence for the existence of such particles has been found." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"The term "tachyon" derives from a 1967 paper by Gerald Feinberg about excitations of a quantum field with imaginary mass. Subsequent work has shown the excitations are not faster than light particles but particle physicists still discuss "tachyons", e.g. in tachyon condensation, when they are referring to tachyonic fields." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

When tachyon arrives. Into the 3rd dimension, it would release its extra energy as a ring-shaped energy wave. So the photon, or at least some of the photons, are the remnants of the tachyons that slow their speed immediately when they arrive in the 3rd dimension. Here, they slow their speed and leave the sockwave behind them. That means a photon could be a similar shockwave to what an aircraft causes. When it crosses the speed of sound. And maybe those shockwaves are photons. 

But near black holes, the massive gravity pulls quantum fields into the black hole. There, the hypothetical tachyon can travel against the quantum fields. That travels into the black hole, the tachyon that can escape from the black hole can exist because the quantum field that travels against the tachyon allows it to cross the speed of light virtually. When a quantum field travels to a particle. And impacts it, the impact speed can be faster than the speed of light. If a particle travels 60% of the speed of light, and a quantum field travels against it with 70 % of the speed of light. 

The impact speed is 130% of the speed of light. That thing is called border crossing. The neutrino telescope benefits from a similar effect. When a neutrino travels into Earth's atmosphere and water, it travels faster than the speed of light in a medium. The neutrino must slow its speed, and during that process, it sends a blue light shockwave. That shockwave is like a quantum version of a sonic boom. 

When we think of a possibility. That a hypothetical graviton is the same thing as a tachyon. When a hypothetical tachyon travels out from the black hole. It can leave a similar cone behind it. As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. That cone is called a sonic boom. If a tachyon leaves that kind of cone after it. If there is. Some kind of lower energy area. Energy around it starts to fill that area immediately. If a black hole sends those hypothetical tachyons, they could form the lower-energy area around it. If those hypothetical tachyons. Come out of a black hole. As pulses. That explains black hole quakes. And that explains why gravity has only one way effect. The cone that tachyon forms after it pulls particles into it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon