Does dark energy exist?

"The universe’s accelerating expansion is usually attributed to an unseen force called dark energy. New research proposes that a deeper understanding of gravity and spacetime geometry might explain this behavior without invoking such a mystery. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

There are two types of energy, or quantum fields, in the universe. The local fields that surround galaxies and other gravity centers. And the global fields. These are sometimes called Higgs fields. Those fields are the base energy fields in the universe. Global fields exist in space between galaxy clusters. And they determine the minimum energy level in the universe. The expansion of the universe affects the global field more strongly than the local fields. The local field is like a bubble. That form is when energy and matter are. Pack around gravity centers. 

Like. Galaxies and black holes. Because those gravitational centers pull energy around them, the particle evaporation, or quantum evaporation, is slower around those gravity centers. When particles outside those local fields turn energy. Or wave movement faster than particles in the local fields. It can cause an effect that we cannot see. That evaporation form. When quantum fields turn weaker. Energy. 

That comes from the global field pushing local fields and turning their geometry. That quantum wind forms energy shadows that move objects inside those fields. So. When that energy hits the quantum field around the galaxy clusters. It. Forms a similar halo. The sun forms near Earth. The energy of those objects with the minimum energy level. It is not very strong, but there are lots of those objects. Far more. Than in the galaxy clusters. This means that the local fields around galaxies don’t let that energy come through them. 

The local fields are complex internal bubbles that surround stars, star clusters, galaxies, local galaxy clusters, and galaxy superclusters. Those fields make it hard to detect radiation that comes from the space between galaxy superclusters. So that energy can push the galaxy's halo. The halo around galaxies is far heavier. Than. A galaxy. When that halo moves, the galaxy in it moves. The problem is that. The galaxy is the dominant object. But the galaxy is not alone. Along. With the surrounding halos, dwarf galaxies, and star clusters, it forms the local system. The local system. It is very complex. Each dwarf galaxy has its own halo inside the main halo. Those halos are formed of dark matter and visible matter. 

That means other objects around the galaxy move in the same way relatively to the galaxy. So the virtual position of the dwarf galaxies around the massive or full-size galaxies remains the same. Or it's the same relatively to the central galaxy. Because. The local system. Remains in the same form. That means the local system moves as an entirety. The movement is hard to detect. If. The observer is that system. 

This halo is one of the things that makes it hard to detect low-energy objects. Outside. That halo. In the same way as local quantum fields, those halos are multi-layer bubbles that surround single galaxies. Local clusters. And super clusters. 

So if dark energy is the movement in the Higgs field. The next. Question is: What pushes that field into motion? The Higgs field. The base energy field is all around the universe. That field determines the base energy level in the universe. And the expansion of the universe. Causes the effect. The Higgs field turns weaker. This effect pulls energy out of particles. 

"AI-generated picture of the expansion of the universe. Credit: ZARM, Universität Bremen (AI generated)" (ScitechDaily, What if Dark Energy Doesn’t Exist? New Theory Could Rewrite Cosmic Expansion)

Again, does dark energy exist? That depends on how we determine dark energy. Is it energy? That just cannot. Travel through the galaxy's halo? Or, is it so weak energy or energy that the source is in such a small particle that we cannot separate it? The halo around the galaxy is so bright. That. We simply. Cannot see the radiation that is between galaxies. The problem is that the halo around the galaxy is so high-energy that it covers the energy. That is the particle at almost the minimum energy level. Transmits. In the case of dark energy, we should ask: What pushes energy in motion? Things like stars in the galaxy. And high energy. Shining nebulae cover that weak background radiation. Under. Radiation that comes from stars and other objects. 

The fact is that nobody knows. Dark energy can be a virtual situation that forms when the universe expands. Universe’s expansion. Causes a situation where quantum fields. Around particles turn weaker. That means material, or rather, particles, evaporate faster. This means particles turn into a wave movement. A particle is actually a pack of dense wave movement. The quantum field outside it. Keeps it in form. So when the energy level in the quantum field decreases. 

The energy level. Around the particle decreases. Particle releases wave movement. This increases energy in the universe. At the same time. When. The universe expands. The distance between objects rises. This causes the gravity effect between objects turn weaker. 

Quantum Evaporation. Along. With. A weaker gravitational effect. It can explain dark energy. Then the key problem is this: why is that thing so hard to detect? We should rather say why we cannot see that effect in small-scale systems. Things like galaxies and black holes are gravity centers. They pack energy fields around them. This means that. 

The large-scale quantum evaporation or particle evaporation. It cannot happen near galaxies. This means that the universe’s expansion doesn’t have a direct effect on the field around galaxies. Massive gravitation, along with energy that comes from stars, keeps that local quantum field, at least, more stable than the global field. The global field is the quantum field. Or the Higgs field, which is between galaxy clusters. The universe's expansion affects the global field more strongly than it affects the local field. 

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-dark-energy-doesnt-exist-new-theory-could-rewrite-cosmic-expansion/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_field

Can antigravity be real?

"The gravitational behavior of the Earth around the Sun is not due to an invisible gravitational pull, but is better described by the Earth falling freely through curved space dominated by the Sun. The shortest distance between two points isn’t a straight line, but rather a geodesic: a curved line that’s defined by the gravitational deformation of spacetime. The notion of “distance” and “time” is unique for every observer, but under Einstein’s description, all frames of reference are equally valid, and the “spacetime interval” remains an invariant quantity." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

Theoretically, it is possible to create antigravity by putting particles into spin very fast. That spin binds energy from quantum fields around those particles. But then. If those particles spin, stop. They release energy that they bind during the spin. If. Those particles are things. That. Forms a gravity field, which makes the antigravity possible. 

Can antigravity be real? The answer is no. But theoretically, we can try to explain the theoretical model of antigravity. There is no such thing as negative mass or negative energy. But why is that thing? The model of gravity suggests that spinning particles. Form energy pothole that we see as gravity. This model suggests. That gravity forms when particles spin and bind energy from their environment. And then the other fields will fall to fill the hole that the spinning particle makes in the quantum field. This means that those fields pull. Particles. And other things with them. That thing makes the pothole, or causes the curvature in the spacetime. That. We know it as the gravity field. 

"An animated look at how spacetime responds as a mass moves through it helps showcase exactly how, qualitatively, it isn’t merely a sheet of fabric. Instead, all of 3D space itself gets curved by the presence and properties of the matter and energy within the Universe. Space doesn’t “change shape” instantaneously, everywhere, but is rather limited by the speed at which gravity can propagate through it: at the speed of light. The theory of general relativity is relativistically invariant, as are quantum field theories, which means that even though different observers don’t agree on what they measure, all of their measurements are consistent when transformed correctly." (Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

The antigravity can be the situation. Where. Those spinning particles stop spinning. That makes them release energy. That energy can be the antigravity, because gravity forms when spinning particles bind energy into them. And that means the antigravity is the opposite effect of those particles. In that case, the same particles that bind energy and form the gravity pothole while they spin. Simply. Release that energy. But can something like a black hole completely stop or change its direction? Normally, particles are spinning 1/2 rounds. 

When those particles are spun 1/2 round, they start to change their direction. That causes an effect. Those particles must release their energy at the point. That. They slow down. And. Start to turn. A particle releases photons or energy waves. 

"The way to make a realistic warp drive involves manipulating the energy field and the spacetime curvature of the region around a spacecraft. By compressing the space in front of you at the expense of rarifying the space behind you, it’s possible to shorten the distance between the point of origin and your destination. This requires some form of negative mass/energy to work, however."(Big Think, Ask Ethan: Why is there no such thing as antigravity?)

Like. Other wave movement types. The gravitational waves form in cases where the center of gravity releases or binds energy. When a particle’s spin changes or slows, it must release energy. So, when the gravity center, like a black hole, changes its spin speed, that forms interference in the fields around it. So the antigravity would be the effect that the spin of all particles in the gravity center stops. And sends the wave movement that the wavelength is as long as gravity waves. This kind of effect could theoretically fill that pothole. 

The thing is that if the particle has spin that is higher than one, that particle would turn invisible. So, we can think that the particles. That spin has no limit will be invisible. Because. Only cases. That. The particle sends a wave movement. Or photons make it visible. But a particle is invisible when it binds energy.  The thing that makes a black hole visible is the halo and transition disk.  That is when a black hole absorbs energy from around it. This means the energy level of those areas is extremely high. Sometimes the radiation level from those halos and material disks rises so high that those things push material away from the black hole.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

Meissner effect: the electromagnetic levitation.

“A long-standing mystery surrounding an unusual superconductor has taken a decisive turn. By carefully applying shear strain to ultrathin crystals of strontium ruthenate, researchers found that its superconducting transition temperature remains almost completely unchanged. Credit: Stock” (ScitechDaily, A 30-Year Superconductivity Mystery Just Took a Sharp Turn)

The Meissner effect is the key. Into. Ultimate stealth. And low noise flying. In the second image, you can see how the energy field or quantum field travels past the object, causing the lifting effect. The Meissner effect causes ideas. If researchers can create the material that avoids the situation where electron shells fall closer to the atom's core, it would make it possible. To create room-temperature superconductors. 

In superconductors, the material is in the Bose-Einstein state. That means their energy level is very low. The distance of electrons to the atom’s core is very long. When. Outside energy pushes atoms. It pushes. An atom’s electrons. To the atom’s core. When the outside quantum field transports energy into an atom. That effect. Pushes electrons. Close to each other. And the atom’s core. That raises energy density in the atom. That pushes atoms away from each other. And that destroys the superconducting.  

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“Diagram of the Meissner effect. Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature.” (Wikipedia, Meissner effect)

T= Real temperature

TC=Temperature critical. Critical temperature is the point. At which the object can form the surrounding quantum field. Which closes its particles inside one quantum field. The idea of the Meissner effect is that every particle is inside the quantum field. The particle that can be an elementary particle or atom is in the middle of its quantum field. When. 

The quantum field moves. The position of the particle in relation to the field changes. Because particles attempt to position themselves in the middle of their quantum fields. Moving that field. Moves particles. Theoretically, it is possible to create a quantum system that moves the craft in a way that seems to break natural laws. The system can hover using the Meissner effect. 

This requires that the entire craft’s shell turn into a superconductor. Then the system must only adjust the position of the quantum bubble that surrounds the superconducting craft. This means that the object attempts to position itself in the middle of the bubble. This thing moves the craft. 

The idea is a “stolen” or adjusted version of the idea that there is a dark matter halo that moves a galaxy. The dark energy will not affect matter. But if the source of dark energy is in dark matter. The dark matter. That sends dark energy, that is the wave movement. 

Dark energy. With. The source is in. Dark matter particles can affect. To Other. Dark matter particles. Dark energy moves. The dark matter halo around the galaxy. And because the galaxy attempts to position itself. Into the middle of the dark matter halo, moving that halo moves the galaxy. 

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The Meissner effect in the superconductor is possible because particles in the superconducting material are in an extremely low-energy condition. There is no oscillation between particles. This means energy from outside travels to the superconductors. 

And then that energy pushes particles closer together. Those particles are inside one. A very large. Quantum field. When energy starts to travel from below to that object, those particles act. As. One entirety. This thing forms. An. An electromagnetic low-pressure or lower-energy area above the superconductor. The energy that comes from below pushes a superconducting object above the ground. The reason why the same effect cannot push other objects up is simple. 

The quantum field that pushes objects upward cannot travel between particles at higher temperatures. In the case of superconducting objects, the quantum field around objects doesn’t allow the pushing field travel in the objects. Those are in the superconducting condition. Because. There is no oscillation in the object, and that doesn’t allow the outside radiation to travel between particles. For making levitation, the lifting field must have a pushing effect. 

Into. A so large area that it can affect as many particles, that the electromagnetic shadow pushes the entirety up. The energy must not also travel in the object. When. We think of the possibility. Of using the Meissner effect. As levitation. It's possible to cover the surface with. Large number. Of superconducting particles. Those superconducting points can lift even large objects from the ground. Or they can decrease the weight of the object. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-30-year-superconductivity-mystery-just-took-a-sharp-turn/

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-crack-a-new-code-to-explore-dark-matters-hidden-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect

Einstein’s light cone and five-dimensional spacetime.

“Light cone in 2D space plus a time dimension, more commonly referred to as ‘space time’” (Wikipedia)

The light cone introduces the model. That time focuses information on the hypersurface of the present. But why can't we see into the past or future? Entropy is introduced as the reason for. Why can't we see the future? Or to the past. This means that entropy scatters information into such a small mosaic and twists it. That information exists. But. We cannot collect it into a form. That. We can use it. 

Term spacetime, or. Space time. Means the space and time. “In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime diagrams are useful in visualizing and understanding relativistic effects, such as how different observers perceive where and when events occur.” (Wikipedia, spacetime)

There is a connection between time and space, and Einstein explained that connection by describing time as the fourth dimension. And maybe we should say that the time that travels forward or to the future is the fourth dimension. The arrow of time, as Eddington explains, states that when time moves forward, the arrow of time moves time backward. 

The arrow of time introduces black holes as a place where time appears to travel backward. That means that black holes can be seen as things. That pushes time forward. Time dilation causes that. When. The escape velocity turns higher. Than. The speed of light, time starts to travel backward. 

Above the gravitational pothole is the model of spacetime near the gravitational center. The black hole should turn the walls of the pothole. Through. Each other. That means its gravity field turns information around like a magnifying glass. 

Three versions of our point in relation to the light cone and the metasurface of the present. Each of those models is based on the model that there are five dimensions. Three of those dimensions are in space. And two are in time. 

1) If information focuses on the hypersurface of the present, it can act like an electromagnetic field. If information forms. Some kind. Of “electric arc”. We can be in a bubble. That denies us. From. Seeing the future or the past. That information focus that is behind or in front of us is so “bright” that we cannot see through it. 

2) Another model is that. We aren’t exactly on the information focus. If. We are in a place. Where. The information focus is behind. Or forward to us. That means we cannot see through that point. But the interesting model is that information should. Turn around. When. It travels through the metasurface of the present. 

3) The entropic model is that. Every single particle, or object in the universe. Are on. Its own metasurface of the present. Or, maybe we should say that the metasuface. The present is a complex entirety of structures. This means it's full of information focus points. And those focuses cause very high entropy.  

But. Then we can. Start. To. Think. About. Light cone. This model. Explains that the information focus is at the point of the hypersurface of the present. But are we on the hypersurface of the present? That is an interesting question. The idea is that information focus happens on that hypersurface. When time arrows touch each other, that event forms a structure. That is like when a magnifying glass focuses sunlight. Sometimes it is suggested that the material and the Big Bang formed when the light cone touched the hypersurface of the present. But why can't we see the future? The answer can be in entropy. And another thing is this: Materia is like a frozen electric arc. 

When we think about time dilation. And the hypersurface of the present. Time moves faster. At 30 cm above sea level. We can think. That. If the focus that forms when the light cone focuses information on the hypersurface of the present, the geometrical model of time in our universe is a ball. We are like in the middle of a giant electric arc, which could describe the geometrical model of time in the hypersurface of the present. There are actually three models of time, or how information focuses on the hypersurface. In those models, we are in the middle of a giant bubble, or we are not precise in the metasurface of the present. 

That means there is. Some kind. Of. Time focuses information behind. Or/and forward of us, if we think. That we travel in space from the past to the future. That focus. Denies us. To see the future. Another model is that the hypersurface of the present is not sharp. That means the universe is full of focuses that focus information from the future. And from the past. This is one of the attempts.  To introduce the nature of time or the geometry of time. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

There are many other things. Then just gravity that affects the universe.

“Dark energy may be changing with time—reshaping the story of the Universe itself. Credit: SciTechDaily.com. New research suggests that dark energy, the mysterious force driving the Universe’s accelerating expansion, might not be constant after all.” (ScitechDaily, Supercomputer Simulations Reveal a Shifting Dark Energy)

Dark energy is shifting. And the reason for that can be in the universe’s expansion. When the universe expands, particles release more energy. At the same time. When that energy is released. The distance. Between objects grows. And that weakens the gravitational effect. This is one thing that can explain why the universe seems to expand faster and sometimes slower than it should. But the problem is this. Things like redshift depend on gravitation. This means the distant supermassive black holes stretch light. And that turns the light. Wavelength longer. This is one of the reasons why distant “little red dots” seem red. But another thing is that. Also, things like our galaxy itself stretch the light. 

But how much gravity stretches light and time? Time moves faster on Mars than on Earth. Earth's gravity can cause measurable time dilation. Mars is heavier than the Moon. The time moves 56 microseconds faster on the Moon than on Mars. Clock is ticking 447 microseconds faster on Mars. 

The clock should be ticking faster. On the moon than it ticks now. But the Moon has a large mass near it. That means Earth’s gravity, along with a closer distance to the Sun. It can cause a stronger time dilation on the Moon. Than. Time dilation is on Mars. Things like energy level. Radiation and other things. In the environment. It can also have an effect. On. Time dilation. But gravitation, counter radiation. And other things can affect the redshift.

Does that gravity affect the measurements? In the same way, galaxies and stars contribute to redshift. Maybe those measurements don’t mean much in short distances. But when distances are billions of light-years, even a small anomaly has a big effect. 

That turns the virtual redshift stronger. And this is the thing. That. We should understand.  Because all gravity centers. Stretch light. That moves the spectrum to red. The redshift is stronger near Earth than it is on Mars. 

Things like gravitational lenses also focus energy. Or wave movement into certain points. And maybe those points have a stronger effect on the universe. Another thing that modern observations have uncovered. The thing is that. The quasar's radiation has changed. The 50-year observations prove that thing. 

The expansion of the universe can explain that thing. While. The universe is expanding. There is less material, and quantum fields are weaker. And that causes. The change in the quasars and their radiation. When quantum fields are turning weaker. The material level. The universe decreases. Which. Causes a change in quasars’ radiation. This is one way to think about the black hole’s roles in the universe. When the universe expands, black holes also release energy that they bind from their environment. There is a possibility that supermassive black holes are not as universal as people thought. There are supermassive black holes. Those that are surrounded by more dark matter than others. 

“An artist’s impression of a bright quasar almost outshining its host galaxy. Credit: Dimitrios Sakkas (tomakti), Antonis Georgakakis, Angel Ruiz, Maria Chira (NOA). New observations suggest that the relationship between light emitted by quasars has changed over cosmic time, hinting that the structure around supermassive black holes may not be as universal as once thought. Astronomers from around the world have uncovered strong evidence suggesting that the material surrounding supermassive black holes has not remained the same throughout the history of the universe.” (ScitechDaily, Breaking a 50-Year Law: New Evidence Challenges Fundamental Black Hole Physics)

“Most of the universe is made of unseen components that reveal themselves only through subtle effects on galaxies and cosmic structure. Using an expanded set of observations from the Dark Energy Camera, researchers analyzed distortions in the shapes of hundreds of millions of galaxies to test the leading cosmological model. Credit: SciTechDaily.com”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

“By studying faint distortions in galaxy shapes across a vast region of sky, scientists probed the hidden structure of the universe.In the standard picture of the universe, nearly everything is hidden from view. About 95 percent of the cosmos consists of dark matter and dark energy, substances that cannot be seen directly and are still not fully understood”. (ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

"Even so, they play a major role in shaping the universe, with dark matter influencing how galaxies form through gravity and dark energy causing the expansion of space to speed up. Scientists learn about these unseen components by tracking how they affect visible objects, and researchers at the University of Chicago have now studied these effects across a newly analyzed region of the sky.”(ScitechDaily, Scientists Map the Invisible Universe, Revealing New Clues About Dark Matter and Dark Energy)

There is new information. Dark energy and dark matter are connected. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) can send radiation. Or an invisible wave movement. If. Those WIMP particles are things. That forms dark matter. Their nature can explain dark energy. If. Dark matter particles exist. It's possible that. Those particles spin so fast. That quantum fields. Cannot touch them all the time. When those particles spin, they roll quantum fields onto them. That means they form a gravity effect. 

When. The quantum field separates from those particles. They. Send a wave movement. If. A quantum field slides over a particle. That means the wave movement can take that energy with it. This causes the idea. That may be. Some other gravitational centers form the dark matter. Or, maybe energy flow that slides over particles is enough. To transform a particle into an invisible one. The thing is that. Those particles might have some effect that makes quantum fields slide over them. 

The gravitational center causes quantum fields to travel over those particles. This means the energy flow interacts with particles, as they interact with stealth bombers. They slide over the particle. And because there is. Some gravitational center. That puts energy in motion; we cannot get a reflection from that matter. The reason for that could be that the gravitational center causes energy flow that denies straight reflection. This thing will not need any of the gravity centers. The moving energy is enough. 

https://eos.org/articles/the-relatively-messy-problem-with-lunar-clocks

https://scitechdaily.com/breaking-a-50-year-law-new-evidence-challenges-fundamental-black-hole-physics/

https://sciencenotes.org/dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-map-the-invisible-universe-revealing-new-clues-about-dark-matter-and-dark-energy/

https://scitechdaily.com/supercomputer-simulations-reveal-a-shifting-dark-energy/

https://www.space.com/astronomy/mars/time-travels-faster-on-mars-than-on-earth-and-heres-why

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_red_dot_(astronomical_object)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift

Does time exist only in matter, or does it exist also in space?

Time is a complex thing. 

Is it possible that time doesn’t exist? The fact is that time exists, but its form is not certain. The time can be only a matter: Or particles. Or it can be in space. When. We think. About. Time is a form of particles, or an effect that transforms particles into wave movement. When the universe expands, it. Makes quantum fields weaker. And that can turn particles into wave movement. When the universe expands, particles release energy. And that increases entropy into the system. 

Also, vaporization is an event. These particles turn into energy. And that means that free energy in the system destroys it. Particles are condensed energy fields. To stay in the form of a particle, those fields require another field. That presses against them. Without that field, the material will be vaporized immediately. 

When we think about the multiverse theory and the ability to observe other universes. The quantum fields. That means four interactions: gravity and electromagnetism. And strong. And weak nuclear interactions. Once, Albert Einstein said that everything is relative. If wave movement travels from another universe, that wave has no resistance at all. This means those waves may turn straight. And then it’s possible that they cannot reach other universes. 

Because of radiation from, for example, our universe. It doesn’t let that radiation in. The quantum field outside the universe also forms a shockwave. That doesn’t let radiation from other universes into our universe. This quantum field is a requirement for other universes. The thing that supports that model. About a quantum field. Outside the universe. It is that. Without an outside quantum field, the universe loses its energy like a balloon. Without that resistance, the universe. Ends its existence. 

Time can exist in materia. Or, it can exist in space. 

In Einstein’s model, the universe has four dimensions. Three is in space, and one is in time. Or if the time. The dimension that travels backward is independent; the universe has five dimensions. The idea is that time can travel backwards in objects. If. The escape velocity is higher than the speed of light. This event is called time dilation. Time slows in an object. When its speed approaches. The speed of light. This event doesn’t require time as a dimension. When an object travels through the universe, quantum fields touch it like a spider web. 

When a particle accelerates. Quantum fields. Act like water. It touches the particle. The particle can bind that field more effectively when it travels fast. 

When a particle’s speed decreases. It. It cannot bind as much energy as a fast-moving particle. And time moves faster. When. A particle binds more energy than it releases. Time travels in a certain direction because the past is at a higher energy level. But if the universe’s expansion can stop. And the universe starts to shrink. Does time start? To move backward? That requires that the universe has the same amount of energy. That it got from the Big Bang. 

This requires that. There is no energy flowing from the universe. Or the universe presses its fields denser. That pushes energy into the universe’s particles. The thing is that the universe leaks. There is energy that travels out from the universe, faster than matter. That means the universe’s temperature decreases. And that makes the gravitational effect stronger. 

So, if the universe starts to shrink, it might leave energy out from its edge. 

It turns younger. And when a particle releases energy, it turns older. We can say that space is an energy field. If. The energy field’s level rises. Particle’s vaporization turns slower. The energy field can affect particles by slowing or accelerating time. If we say that time means evaporation, or turning into wave motion. 

The idea of quantum gravitation is that spinning particles roll energy fields into them. That makes energy travel to the gravity center. The thing that makes quantum gravity problematic is this. Every single elementary particle in the system is the gravitational center. When those elementary particles, like quarks, roll the energy fields into them. That means those particles roll the energy field also between them. And that can destroy the material structures. 

https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/the-closer-we-look-at-time-the-stranger-it-gets

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

Gravitational lensing and twist in the universe’s expansion.

“Timing delays in quasar light bent by massive galaxies offer a fresh way to measure the universe’s expansion, and the results deepen the rift between early- and late-universe estimates. This growing tension may be a clue that something fundamental about cosmic physics is still undiscovered. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

When there is a difference between observations and theoretical models, it means. Something is missing from the model. The missing thing. It might be the fifth force or some other large-scale effect. Like a spinning megastructure. Because the material is not homogeneously spread. Through the universe. That means its effects are not homogeneous. The just-found megastructures are like strings throughout the universe, and they should cause interactions. That slows large areas in the universe. 

Things like previously unknown high-energy reactions can also cause unpredictable effects in the universe. When GRB or CRB injects energy into particles, they will not deliver that energy straight away. They glow or. Deliver energy for a while. 

Those megastructures can also form a maser effect inside them. That means. They will collect energy into those massive structures. Like. Metal tubes do. When a magnetic field forms inside it by rolling an electric wire around that tube. Those megastructures act like all other tubes. But they are far larger. So, they might have a stronger electromagnetic effect than previously thought. 

The previously unknown megastructures can cause a need. To re-estimate cosmological principles. An extremely. A large megastructure. It can have a gravitational effect on large parts. Of the universe. Those spinning megastructures that can close chains of galactic superclusters. Inside them can cause previously unknown interactions in some areas of the universe.  That means the universe’s expansion speed might not be the same everywhere

The universe’s expansion is slowing. Or, is it? The question is about the Hubble constant, which is thought to be 73 km/s per megaparsec (km/s/mpc). But in some new measurements, the Hubble constant is slowing down to 67 km/s/mpc. But there is also a possibility. The expansion of the universe. It is not the same everywhere. This means that. There are masses. That. We don’t know in the universe. If something slows the expansion of the remarkable part of the universe, that thing must be very massive. The thing that slows the expansion can be in the universe. Or, outside the universe. Or something else. The expansion of the universe depends on many things. Like, cosmic voids. 

And the differences between quantum field energy levels. Those things cause energy flows. That can have. An unexpected, powerful effect on the universe’s expansion. If. The effect’s area is large enough. It can have. An effect. On the entire universe. There are observations. The universe’s expansion. This is not in line with a young universe. The reason. For It. It can be that the radiation and temperature in the young universe. It was higher than in the modern universe. But that universe caused a stronger redshift in space around it. 

Nobody expected that. Objects were close to each other, and they caused redshift between each other. We can think. About things. Like merging black holes. Those black holes stretch radiation also between them. In the young universe, the scattering effect was stronger. And this caused the idea that the young universe needed. To have components. That is unknown. Some quite common particles. In the young universe. Exist in the modern universe. In very high-energy areas. Also, those exotic particles existed longer in the young universe. This can cause measurement mistakes. If. We use models. Those were made for the modern universe.

“A montage of eight time-delay gravitational lens systems. There’s an entire galaxy at the center of each image, and the bright points in rings around them are gravitationally lensed images of quasars behind the galaxy. These images are false-color and are composites of data from different telescopes and instruments. Credit: ©2025 TDCOSMO Collaboration et al. CC-BY-ND” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

It’s possible that the hypothetical fifth force is not a new force. It might be some previously unknown interaction between known natural forces. And, maybe EM-fields. If the model doesn’t fit the system, it means something is missing. 

Gravity and light interact. In the same way, new observations show. Electromagnetic fields can also have. A stronger interaction with light. Than predicted. This means the fifth force might not be some new force. It might be a previously unknown interaction. “Scientists have recently discovered an interaction between an electromagnetic wave and its own magnetic component as it passes through a material, updating a 180-year-old assumption that only accounted for the interaction between light and its electric field.” (Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“This phenomenon, the Faraday effect (FE), was first described in 1845 by Michael Faraday, providing some of the earliest evidence of interaction between magnetism and light waves.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“It describes how a beam of light passing through a transparent material is affected when that material is subjected to a magnetic field. Specifically, this changes the direction of polarization of that light beam.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

For a simplified perspective, light can be unpolarized or polarized. When light is unpolarized, its electromagnetic oscillations occur in various directions (perpendicular to its plane of travel).”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

So can some other interaction. Between photons and light remains unknown. Another thing is that. If some particles travel out from the universe faster than the main material. That means those particles can decay or vaporize throughout the universe. This means that those particles release energy, which pushes the universe or even large megastructures back. 

The light and its interaction with gravity mean that the light. Will not necessarily travel on straight routes. Gravitational lenses bend light. Also, things like string gravitational fields can stretch light. This causes an unexpected redshift. Things like cosmic voids can also cause an effect. The wave movement that travels into those voids can jump back from its center. The universe is full of cosmic voids. That means. Those voids can collect and reflect energy. In the same way. Spinning megastructures.  It can bind energy into them. When those megastructures spin, that spin binds energy. And those megastructures can have a large-scale effect on the universe. The previously unknown structures and interactions can affect things. Like, the Hubble constant. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-180-year-assumption-about-light-was-just-proven-wrong

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-one-of-the-largest-rotating-structures-ever-seen-in-the-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitational-lensing-reveals-a-twist-in-the-universes-expansion/