Image 1) "A perspective of future gravity cartography being used with 0.5 m spatial resolution over a region, at an uncertainty level of 20 E. Expected signal sizes for a range of applications are shown. Credit: Stray et al. 2022 Nature DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04315-3"
(ScitechDaily/Quantum Gravity Sensor Breakthrough Paves Way for Groundbreaking Map of World Under Earth’s Surface)
When researchers are proven that the gravitation waves exist they can make systems that benefit that kind of phenomenon. We can think that gravitation is like light or any other wave movement. The source of the gravitational waves is in the material. That means if there are thicker points in the ground that allows benefiting gravitational waves. For making maps of underground structures.
The idea is that the thick points are sends more powerful gravitational waves than thin points. So the differences between the thickness of the ground are the thing that allows making maps of underground structures. The fact is that the knowledge of the gravitational waves and microgravitational interaction is making it possible to create new and accurate sensors. That is basing the gravitational interaction.
When we say that gravitation is the weak force we forget that gravitation is the interaction. It's the most dominating interaction that we can see without powerful systems. So we can say that all gravitational interaction is some kind of gravitational wave movement.
When the high accurate gravitational measurement sensor will travel over the ground. The system detects the position of those particles. And when the sensor goes over the thicker point of the Earth that causes stronger gravitational interaction.
Image 2) The crystal structure and emergent fractional corner charges of table salt. Credit: HKUST (ScitechDaily/Unusual Topology of Sodium Chloride – Table Salt – Revealed by Researchers)
One of the most promising sensor elements can be salt. The cube-form chrystals can observe by using laser systems. When the sensor travels over the ground the changes in a gravitational field move the position of the molecules. That thing makes it possible to observe the changes in the gravitational field.
The microgravitational effect can use to detect underground structures. In archaeology, researchers can find buried cities and other structures. By using gravitational sensors.
And the military can use that ability to detect underground command bunkers. But it can also detect things like submarines under the sea. The submarine that hovers over the ocean floor causes changes in the gravitational field. And that thing makes the detector able to sense the existence of the submarine.
The B-2 Spirit was a fundamental design. Its plans are made by using computers. The limits of that time computers were very big when that aircraft first flew in 1987. So we can think about what kind of structures modern quantum computers can make with those systems.
The successor of the B-2 the B-21 "Raider" is coming into service. There is made only two B-21 Raiders. The B-2 was made in the time of regular computers.
The B-21 Raider is made in the time of quantum computers. And artificial intelligence. That allows designing every single point of the core of the aircraft by using extreme accuracy. And the AI makes it possible to keep its entirety in its hands and simulate the wave movement that hits the aircraft.
But those bombers might enter service sooner than nobody expects. There are always questions about what kind of systems the modern stealth aircraft uses?
Nanotechnology with intelligent artificial intelligence makes it possible to create solutions. That has zero reflection. And graphene is one of the most promising materials for stealth systems. The graphene that can reflect backward can deny the reflection of the light. And the abnormal ability to absorb light in graphene can also make the new ultimate stealth systems possible.
Image 2: Three-layer graphene
Things like quantum stealth and zero-point stealth are the most promising stealth systems.
If the aircraft uses the zero-point stealth system the core of the aircraft captures the energy and then that energy can conduct to the PPT (Pulsed Plasma Thrusters)-systems. That means. When the aircraft is under the radar surveillance it can use that energy in its engines.
The zero-point system means that there is the minimum energy level material in the aircraft's structure. That means electromagnetic radiation can travel only in one direction. That material can be the Einstein-Bose condensate.
Modern artificial intelligence can make counter-wave systems that can fall incoming wave movement. That means when the reflection has the same wavelength and force as incoming radiation that thing eliminates the wave movement. But that artificial intelligence can make it possible to create the active waving material.
Shaped memory in hierarchical networks are allowing to make new materials. And that thing makes the new type of things like stealth technology possible. The new graphene-based materials can be waved when they are facing electromagnetic radiation.
That means the structure of those materials is not solid. The active waving material can be the new answer for stealth technology. Artificial intelligence can control the system that makes the graphene-based structures create waving movement that would suppress the reflection to a minimum.
In some cases, there has introduced a possibility that if the system uses opposite-rotating graphene layers those layers can capture the photons and electrons between them. But for making that thing in real life requires that the movement of the graphene layers would be extremely high speed.
There is also possible to connect the graphene structures with photon crystals. The speed of light will decrease to zero in those crystals. And that thing means that there is no reflection. But as you know there are many other ways to make craft invisible for radar, infrared and human eye.
The new graphene-based material reflects light backward. And it is a big step for the next-generation photonic circuits. But the new nano-materials are also possible to use in the next-generation stealth technology. There is introduced an idea to conduct the radar impulses to the accumulator. That means that the radiation's reflection is denied by conducting that radiation to energy storage.
The thing is that if the energy and wave movement travels only to the object without reflection. There is no way to see that object. But the problem is that the system must sometimes remove the extra energy by conducting it to the ground.
And there are suspicions. That some UFO:s that are hovering above the water is removing their energy storage. In that case, those aviation systems use technology that absorbs all radiation in the craft. So when the energy level rises too high the craft must remove extra energy to somewhere.
Graphene-based materials have an abnormally strong absorption ability. The problem is that if the object would not reflect. It will turn very hot if it cannot remove that heat somewhere. The new graphene based-material allows conducting the light to the point where the researchers want. And that ability is useful in photon circuits. But it can also turn the aircraft or ship into shadow. The light can conduct to a laser that sends it in the wanted direction.
Image 2)
And the problem with this type of material is that they must remove their energy somewhere. The overload of energy causes the problem. The answer to that problem could be to load the extra energy to capacitors or the energy can conduct to air by using saltwater where the extra energy is loaded.
And that thing can make it possible to make the objects that are not giving a reflection at all. There is the possibility that the graphene-based materials are conducting light and all other electromagnetic wave movements to the middle of the object like aircraft. And then that light and wave movement can conduct in the wanted direction by using laser technology.
One version of how to deny reflection is simple. The system must just make the object that has as low an energy level as possible. That thing makes it possible that the energy travels only to the object. And that makes the object invisible for radar, infrared, and even for the human eye.
The image above this text portrays an advanced quantum computing system. Some of the quantum computers of tomorrow can use simply multi-channel radios. For their internal communication. In that system certain channel is a certain state of the qubit. And also the strength of the radio signal can determine the state of the qubit. That means a certain energy level is a certain state or level of the qubit.
The thing that quantum computers are more effective tools to simulate and test quantum mechanics than binary computers is no surprise. The power of quantum computers is so superior that they can make the same calculations that take months by using binary computers in seconds. Quantum computers are the ultimate tools for creating new types of materials and enzymes, and they can map the DNA.
And quantum computers can also use to control plasma at the fusion reactors. The thing is that quantum computers can also control nanomachines. The AI that is used to move nanomachines can run on the quantum server. That allows operating billions of nanomachines at the same time. Quantum computers can also control the data on the internet. And they can search and detect malicious code.
The new solutions in nanotechnology require complicated AI software. And the power of quantum computers makes it possible to drive hard and complicated code and connect the data that is collected from sensors.
The bright future of quantum computer-based AI means that when the number of the quantum computer increases their prices will get lower. The error detection in quantum computers is a similar process to binary computers. The system uses two or more data handling lines. And if those lines get the same result there are no errors.
Image 2) Bacteriophage
Quantum computers operate with nanomachines by using similar WLAN systems with regular computers. The communication with WLAN systems will happen through binary computers that transform qubits to radio impulses. The thing is that by using the multi-channel radios. Is possible to send data in the form of qubits. In that case, every channel is a certain state of the qubit. And that makes the WLAN more effective.
The nanomachine can be the genetically engineered bacteria that are controlled with microchips. The system can use bioelectricity or nano-size batteries for creating energy for those microchips. The nano battery can be a virus where is small gold bites in the feet. When that gold hits with lead or some other base metal that gives electricity. That means the nanobatteries can create electricity also from hemoglobin.
Image 3) Microchip on graphene.
The small-size or nanotechnical microchips require a new type of power source. The problem with nano-size microchips is that they need an extremely well-calculated energy level. If the electricity level is too high. That means the electric flow will jump over the switches.
The newest microchips can create energy from graphene. That system captures the energy of the thermal movement of graphene. And that thing allows using that system also in the dark places. The IR radiation is one way to make the energy for that system. But there is the possibility to connect that graphene with miniature resistors.
Or it can connect with living cells. When those cells will get nutrients their temperature will rise. And the thermal movement of graphene can cause by all possible thermal sources. That thing can use to control the nanomachines. If some medical nanomachine operates inside the human body it requires the WLAN system to communicate with computers.
The "shot spotter" system is very effective for locating the place of gunshots happens. The "shot spotter" cannot track people after gunshots are fired. It can make two circles around the location of gunshots.
Triangular metering determines the place where gunshots are located. Those circles are the possible distance of the shooter to the point where gunshots are located. Those distances are basing the average speed of a walking or running person or person who uses some vehicles.
The "shot spotter" came into service in the 1990s. And there are more effective ways to locate the gunshot point. There is the possibility that when the shot spotter locates a suspected gunshot the system can send the drone to see what is going on. Or the system would aim the nearest surveillance camera to the point of suspected shooting.
The new systems might base the networked systems like surveillance cameras and automatic drones that send to the point where shots are located. The system can base on the quadcopters that are around the city. And when that system locates suspected gunshot. It can send the quadcopter to see what is going on automatically. And that helps the field control to make sure about the situation before the patrol is sent.
The acoustic system bases the microphones that are taking triangular metering. The reason why people are resists this system is that it makes the police more sensitive to use guns. The shot spotter sends information to the police HQ. And then the field leader will make a decision. Was the thing that is heard a gunshot or not?
The shot spotter is a suitable system for the battlefield. But is it the same way suitable for city area? When the acoustic system detects a suspected gunshot. The field leader gets information about a gunshot that person has 80 seconds to decide to send or not to send the patrol. And then the reputation of the area has always an influence to decision.
But the reputation and tales about the area. Always affect the actions of the law enforcers who go to that mission. If some area has a violent reputation. And the police are searching for an armed suspect. That thing causes the finger of the trigger to become too sensitive. And that causes deadly gunshots. If the attitude of a law enforcer is that the minorities are criminals. That will turn the risk of use of the gun even lower.
If the decision is that the heard thing was a gunshot. The leader will send the patrol to the area. That will lower the limit to using the gun. Because the policemen will search the armed suspect. The thing is that the system is claimed to be unfair to ethnic minorities. When the suspected gunshot is heard in the neighborhood where the main population is a minority.
This causes the patrol will send to the area more often than to the area, where the main population is white. But when we are thinking of the systems the weak ring in all chains is human. The thing is that the acoustic system heard the bang. That sound is not necessarily gunshot. Artificial intelligence can tell does some sound the serial fire of assault rifle. But the problem is that this thing needs artificial intelligence.
The problem is not in the system that tracks possible gunshots. The problem is in people who are reacting to the cases. If the leader would not send patrols. That thing means humans made that decision. So the problem is not in the system itself. The problem is in the attitudes of people who use the system.
Is there any kind of statistics that are telling how many phone calls to the emergency center cause that police to come to place? Or how many times police will not send because the on-call decides that the patron will not need to come? And how many of those decisions have been wrong? And how many of those 911-calls caused no reaction or where the patrol not sent was made because of gunshots?
The thing is that in the system where the decision of the reaction makes the human is vulnerable. If the leader will have racist opinions that are not the problem of computers. So why the system will not be allowed to send patrols to position automatically? The problem is that if the attitudes of police are racist. That thing always causes problems. The acoustic gunshot location system was the plan for making easier to find shooters. But the problem is the human who executes orders. When police will get information about the gunshot. Law enforcement must take those things seriously. They must prepare for the gunfight.
And those situations are always stressful. Then somebody says "gun" and then there is a victim who had no gun. So after that, the internal affairs starts the investigation that takes as long as they want. The investigators were not in the dark street, where is the suspected armed criminal. Or the shooter claims that somebody saw a gun. Of course, there might be attitudes that some area is more violent. And that thing will cause the level to shoot people is lower than it should be.
"This figure shows the magnetic field orientation (streamlines) and direction (animated streamlines) in the central 1 kpc starburst ring of the spiral galaxy NGC 1097 using data from the radio polarimetric observations. Credit: Lopez-Rodriguez et al". (ScitechDaily, SOFIA Reveals How Magnetic Fields Help Feed a Supermassive Black Hole)
String theory determines material as the ball of 2D strings. Those strings form the yarn ball-type structure called particles. The wave-particle duality means that material can turn to string or wave movement. And the counter-reaction should also be possible. The string can turn into a particle. Only elementary particles like quarks can form from that thing.
So if we want to compare string with yarn ball we should only take the string that has the right length for creating dark matter. The idea is simple we should only determine the length of the string that forms dark matter. And then we could build dark matter quite easily. But as you know making that thing into practice requires a little bit of work.
So string theory means that. The strings that are forming material are like quantum-size lightning. And the wave-particle duality means that the material is one form of energy. Wave-particle duality means that particles have mass. And because wave movement can turn to particles. Also, the wave movement must have a mass.
Annihilation has shown that material can turn to energy. So there should be the mirror-reaction ("anti-annihilation") where wave movement turns to particles. In laboratories wave movement has turned to subatomic particle-antiparticle pairs.
Black holes are the things that are pulling wave movement in them. The point where photons are dropping in the black hole. Is called the event horizon. And behind that point, every object travels at the same speed. This thing happens with normal and supermassive black holes. When that outcoming wave movement hits the halo of the black hole.
That thing increases their energy level. And black holes will pull that energy inside it. Whenever a particle of wave movement drops in a black hole. That raises the energy level of the black hole.
The black hole is an extreme version of the zero-point energy system. When the black hole pulls energy inside it. That energy will turn it stronger. So when wave movement drops in the black hole. A similar situation is visible in laboratories where electrons or atoms are stressed with radiation their weight increases.
Dark matter is a mystery. There are some suspected impacts with material and dark matter in particle accelerators. But otherwise, that thing is a mystery. Dark matter could be the source of dark energy.
There is the possibility. That dark energy is similar to neutron radiation. When radiation hits dark matter. It would release extra energy in the form of radiation or wave movement.
Dark matter is the gravitational effect. That dominates the universe. There is the possibility that the imperfect annihilation caused the part of the material to turn to the thing that we are calling visible material. There is about 15% of material in the universe. That is visible to us. Last of it is the mysterious thing that interacts only by gravitation with visible material.
But when we are thinking about its form there is one thing that might explain why dark matter is not visible. If we think about the string theory the material is like a yarn ball. And annihilation reaction is the case where the strings of those yarn balls are opening.
The string theory describes the material as the ball that is formed of wave movement. There is the possibility that if the energy level of the impacting particles is not the same the annihilation would not be perfect.
So could the dark matter be the result of the imperfect annihilation? That means that material turns to energy when a particle and its anti-particle pair will impact. The case where two particles are turning to energy is true when the particles have the same mass.
But if the other yarn ball is bigger the annihilation is imperfect. The case is that if the energy level of the participants of annihilation is not symmetrical. And another participant is higher energetic than others the annihilation would not turn the entire material into energy.
When the material is turning to energy in the material-antimatter impact means the impact of particles releases only the same number of strings as the lighter particle has. If we think of those particles as the yarn balls. The particle is at a higher energy level than the other is a bigger yarn ball.
The idea is that when a particle hits its mirror particle it can turn only its mass of material to energy. So if the electron and positron are impacting and the energy level of the other participant of the annihilation is higher. That causes that there are remainings of the higher energetic particle.
So, at the beginning of the universe. There was the Big Bang. The event, that released all material and energy to the universe. Or there is a theory that at the first released wave movement. Then that wave movement turned to particle-antiparticle pairs. And after that happened the big annihilation that formed the elementary particles.
But if we are thinking about the Big Bang. And particle wave-movement duality we are facing one interesting thing. When crossing wave movements form material. They are forming the antimatter-material pairs. So that thing means that there is the possibility that the energy levels of those particle pairs were different.
And that means the annihilation between them would be imperfect. So if we think like that. There is the possibility that the asymmetry in annihilation caused the visible material and dark matter to form.
The energy asymmetry causes an effect. The particles of dark matter and visible material are not the same sizes. So we cannot see the radiation that comes from the dark matter. So could that radiation be dark energy? There is the possibility that dark energy is similar to neutron radiation. That thing would form.
When the particles of dark matter will stress with radiation. And after energy stress, those invisible particles will release their extra energy as a radiation burst. The fact is that dark matter is dominating. And should we ask like this? Is the visible material result of imperfect annihilation?
There are two ways how the planet can reach consciousness.
1) The natural way.
There would form the neural network that covers the entire planet. There is some kind of vision or hypothesis. That another planet can have intelligence. The intelligence would be the vegetables that are hybridized with neurons.
The question is what this type of intelligence would do? The fact is that this type of creature can make spaceflights if there are some species like monkeys. This means that the neural network of the planet will control those animals. And that kind of entirety can make many things.
But without those monkey creatures, the neural network would do nothing. It just stays. The reason why evolution has created the ability to think for people. Is that people need that skill. The ability to think is formed from the need to answer. For the challenges that nature is giving. And humans needed thinking the challenge the predators.
If our hypothetical neural network has no enemies or problems it would not think. Thinking requires some kind of information. And need to handle that information is making thinking. But without the need to develop things our hypothetical neural network is like The Little Prince from the novel. Its entire world is the planet. And that thing means it would not make anything. And the destiny of that species is its sun. Sooner or later that star turns into a red giant and destroys its planets.
2) The artificial way. In this version, controlled evolution will connect networks and animals to one entirety.
In this version, the planet will turn to the singularity of technology. And biological components. Theoretically is the possibility that all organisms on the planet would equip with a microchip. That microchip would control the behavior of insects and all other species. The BCI systems allow controlling computers by using EEG. And that thing means that people would start to live in augmented reality.
In that reality, the sensors or robots are starting to interact with people. But augmented reality can benefit also things like insects. That thing requires that the signals of nervous systems can code and decode. But maybe the control of the insects is possible quite soon by using the EEG-control neural port and microchipped insects.
Also, those microchips will turn the nervous systems of the entire fauna into the entirety. The thing is that this kind of civilization can control every single organism on its planet by using microchips and computer networks. And maybe we someday face that kind of level. The fact is that the ability to interconnect species would create interesting visions about the augmented reality where everybody can share their thoughts and senses. Or they can take things like ants in their command. Those ants would send their senses to the person who controls them.
Image 2: (ScitechDaily/Planetary Intelligence: Can a Planet Have a Mind of Its Own?)
But where do we humans are going?
In the article below this text is described the route from the immature biosphere to the mature technosphere. You might read the description of those stages from the article that is linked below this text. But mainly the steps of intelligence and singularity are in the next list.
1) Immature biosphere
2) Mature biosphere
3) Immature technosphere
4) Mature technosphere
(ScitechDaily/ Planetary Intelligence: Can a Planet Have a Mind of Its Own?)
Stage 1 was the caveman step. Even the intelligent species would be under force of the nature. The animals are dangerous for all species and that is the beginning of all civilizations.
Stage 2 Was the level of Romans. They lived in cities, and big animals were not the problem in those cities. Outside city areas things like wolves caused dangers. And things like epidemics caused very big risks.
Stage 3 is the most dangerous part of the civilization route to Kardashev-Scale. The immature technosphere benefits the pollutive energy production. And also things like a non-controlled environment are causing wars and crises.
If we think that the Kardashev-scale civilization must pass some test that stage of the immature technosphere is the point where the civilization would destroy itself or turn to planetary and interstellar-scale. But if the civilization reaches the level of mature technosphere it will face a bright future.
Kardashev-scale
1) The civilization will control one solar system.
For reaching Kardashev-scale the civilization must unite. And start to act for the goal that is to conquer the entire solar system. For reaching stages 2 and 3 the civilization must reach stage 1. And that thing is possible only if the civilization will forget its problems. Reaching the Kardashev-scale is necessary because otherwise, civilization will annihilate itself.
Stage 4 is the mature technosphere. The AI-driven world is where energy will be produced only when people need it. That world base is the information technology that is making it possible to control robots and make discussions over the internet. That thing means the ability to make almost the entire world well-controlled. Where even the animals are interconnected with the internet.
Fusion energy is one of the most interesting versions of energy production. The problem is that this reactor requires deuterium and tritium for the fusion. The term "heavy water" means that the hydrogen is turned to its heavier isotopes deuterium and tritium. But there is so small number of those isotopes in the water.
In hydrogen bombs, lithium deuteride creates, deuterium and tritium when it's shot with neutrons. But deuterium and tritium can produce from water by stressing it with radiation. In nature, 0,015% of hydrogen is in deuterium form.
So vaporized lithium deuteride can use in fusion reactors the same way. The radiation stress would turn lithium 6 deuteride into deuterium and tritium. The vacuum allows vaporizing the lithium deuteride. And then that vaporized lithium deuteride can be driven to a tokamak-type donut-shaped reactor.
When a fusion reaction is started. The reactor's radiation can use to produce deuterium and tritium. The bottle of water will take near the fusion reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor should turn the hydrogen in that water to deuterium and tritium. In laboratories, deuterium and tritium are formed by stressing water by using X-ray machines.
In the universe, the deuterium is forming in the nuclear fusion of stars. But there is no chemical reaction that can form the deuterium or tritium. There is the possibility to create tritium by using neutron radiation. In that case, the neutron flow would impact deuterium. And the deuterium traps neutron and turns to tritium.
In the production of those heavier isotopes of hydrogen, the neutron or two neutrons in the case of tritium must connect to the proton. Producing tritium by using Helium 3 is impossible because there are two protons and one neutron in Helium 3. The tritium involves two neutrons and one proton.
But in nature heavy water is forming when cosmic radiation hits the water. In that reaction, the hydrogen turns to deuterium and tritium. This reaction is extremely slow. But when we are thinking possibility to take the water tanks to the edge of the atmosphere. There is the possibility to stress the water by using cosmic radiation.
Researchers can make it by using balloons or high-flying aircraft. The high-flying stratospheric aircraft can take water bottles to the upper atmosphere.
There is the possibility to use the fission reactor to create deuterium and tritium. In that case, the water bottle will be put in the nuclear reactor. And then the neutron radiation can turn the water into heavy water. So the nuclear reactor will turn the hydrogen atoms in water be deuterium and tritium. But the most economical version is to benefit the fusion reactor's radiation for making those hydrogen isotopes.
Image 1) "Project Starshot, an initiative sponsored by the Breakthrough Foundation, is intended to be humanity’s first interstellar voyage. Credit: breakthroughinitiatives.org "(SciTechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)
The solar sails are effective systems for researching our solar system. The high-power laser system can send the swarm of probes outside the solar system and even to other solar systems. In that, the most extreme version of that project. There would be made a chain of ultra-powerful lasers in the solar system.
And then those lasers would give a punch for the solar sail when it travels through that point. The lasers can be fusion-powered systems that are basing Tokamak-reactor. The laser would install in the middle of the donut-shaped reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor would conduct to the laser element. There is the possibility to increase the power of the lasers by shooting electrons. Or some ions inside the laser rays. Those particles will increase the energy of the laser rays.
The solar sail that is sent to the journey would not be one craft. That system might be a swarm of miniaturized probes that are connected with the membrane. Those probes can be separated at the right distance. The thing is that this kind of system must be very large.
Image 2) "A swarm of laser-sail spacecraft leaving the Solar System. Credit: Adrian Mann" (ScitechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)
Because the energy load that those lasers are given is very high. In the missions to the outer side of the solar system or even to other solar systems the solar sail would use the outcoming energy as long as possible. The energy can transmit to that solar sail by using coherent radio waves. Or the system can use laser rays that are targeted to the large membrane. That is covered by using a thin silicon layer. That layer can use to create electricity for the solar sail.
That thing minimizes the energy load that hits the solar sail. So the solar sail would be a group of probes that are acting as an entirety. The solar sails are one of the versions of the interstellar and interplanetary probes. The thing is that there are many variants to this construction that benefits the solar wind for traveling in the solar system.
The solar sail could be a multipurpose tool. The sail is a very large structure. And there is the possibility to use that kind of thing as a spaceborne radio telescope. The large lightweight structure can be used also as a large-size radar. And the components that are installed in that thing can use also CCD cameras. The thing is that the same kind of structures that are suitable for the solar sails are also suitable for large-size orbital radars. The ultra-thin membrane acts as the radio telescope or radar. Can use as a communication antenna in the solar sails. But it can also use as a recon system that is orbiting Earth.
Image 1:) Artist’s rendering of a SpaceX Starship leaving a lunar colony. Credit: SpaceX (ScitechDaily/Space Missions To Watch: A Lunar Return, a Jupiter Moon, and the Most Powerful Rocket Ever Built)
The Starship is a new type of large-scale vertical take-off and landing shuttle that can operate almost everywhere. That system can be the tool for the next space programs. When we are thinking possibility to send that craft to the Moon. There is the possibility that the Starship is connected with some other rocket. The Starship can launch to the orbiter and the auxiliary stage can dock to the back of Starship. By using that kind of modular system is the possibility to make journeys to the Moon or even to other planets.
There is the possibility to connect the NERVA system or ion rocket stage at the back of the Starship. In the plans, the reactors that nuclear thermal propulsion requires. Would load at the Lunar orbiter. Those lightweight but extremely powerful reactors would use high-enriched plutonium or some synthetic elements like neptunium, californium, or einsteinium as nuclear fuel. Those reactors can use as the NERVA system. Or they can use in ion engines.
The Starship can use also as a platform for the orbital weapon systems. Those systems require high-power laser systems. And those lasers and ion systems can install in large-scale space shuttles. Those kinds of lasers can use to destroy recon, location, or communication satellites. And the ion systems can also use to create plasma over the hostile communication centers.
By the way, the Ingenuity-helicopter still runs on Mars.
Image 2) Ingenuity helicopter. (Space.com/1 year later, Ingenuity helicopter still going strong on Mars)
Those kinds of small helicopters are pathfinders in many ways. Those helicopters can search for water and interesting samples from large areas. And those systems can have multiple sensors like lasers and radars. Those systems can connect with spectrometers that are telling what kind of elements some areas involve.
Also, the feet of those helicopters might have seismic sensors. So that kind of helicopter can operate with rovers. The thing is that the small helicopters can use advanced AI even they are small-size.
The AI can be at the rover. Or there is the possibility that another planet would send the computer unit to assist those rovers and helicopters. Those small helicopters can use for simulating high-flying helicopters that can observe areas by using infrared cameras and small radars. Those helicopters are suitable to observe the strength of the ice. And they can search for pollution from water and air.
The miniature helicopters can get their energy supply by laser rays. The laser or radio system that is targeted to their solar panels or radio receivers can give an energy supply for those systems. The small-size helicopter can land on the roof of the bunker. And then it can listen to things that people are talking about in it. It can aim laser or radar systems to windows for observing people.
The system can use its seismic sensors to record noise through the wall. Or it can try to use radar. Or a sonar system for searching things that are inside the houses.
In the fusion reactor, the intensive heat causes The temperature of the plasma to be higher than the nucleus of the sun. And there is too hot for light. The dominating infrared light will turn all other radiation to infrared. And the temperature in those systems is higher than the sun's nucleus.
Deuterium and tritium plasma that is traveling in the donut-shaped Tokamak-accelerator-reactor. And then the magnets will create intensive pressure in that plasma. The magnets keep the plasma away from the core of the fusion reactor.
Ignition of a fusion reactor will make by stressing plasma with lasers and microwaves. The microwaves are better because that radiation will make it possible to stress plasma in the entire area of an accelerator.
The intensive heat of the reactor needs extreme tools for making the best solutions. And one of those systems that can help researchers is deep-learning AI. That AI can use to collect data of the highest reached temperature, the longest fusion time. And the best energy production. From those cases, the AI will also store the relations of deuterium and tritium in each case. And that data can use for re-adjusting the fuel mixture.
The deep learning AI can control the magnetic fields inside the reactor. And that thing makes it possible to drive plasma with extremely high accuracy. Most civilian fusion systems use deuterium and tritium are for making fusion. In hydrogen bombs, lithium or lithium-deuteride is acting as the fusion stage. The mainly used mixture is Lithium-6-deuteride. That material is impacted by neutrons that are forming deuterium and lithium.
There has sometimes introduced an idea to use vaporized lithium (or lithium-deuteride) in the fusion reactor. The vaporization of lithium can happen in the fuel line, and then the vaporized and ionized lithium will conduct to Tokamak-reactor. That system requires an absolute vacuum because lithium explodes very easily if it contacts with oxygen. The deuterium and tritium production can make by stressing that lithium or lithium-deuteride with x-rays.
The absolute vacuum makes it possible to vaporize lithium by using microwaves or lasers. In the Teller-Ulam construction of thermonuclear weapons, Lithium 6-deuteride is bombarded with neutrons. That reaction produces tritium. The problem is how to make neutrons?
The problem with heavier hydrogen isotopes, deuterium, and tritium is that those isotopes are not very common. There is the possibility to produce those isotopes by using cosmic radiation. The water tank will rise to high mountain areas or the high atmosphere and then the cosmic radiation turns the hydrogen of water to deuterium and tritium.
That thing makes it possible to create more deuterium and tritium atoms than in normal water. But the fusion is waiting for its breakthrough. And when that thing happens we have a new and powerful energy source.
What if an annihilation reaction replaces the laser in that high-power ion-accelerator? The annihilation from the brightest light in the world. And that thing can use for making the next-generation aerial vehicles that are using plasma-ion thrusters for making them to flight.
The graphene-laser-based high-energy ion accelerator can use to make the aerial vehicle act like the legendary "Area-51" sports model UFO. The idea is that the entire craft can be covered by using the graphene layer and the laser ray would replace by using the annihilation.
That thing makes it possible to create the craft. Which the entire surface can cover by the ion thrusters. That thing makes it possible to create a craft. That can change its flight direction freely. The thing is that a high-power ion accelerator can be used as an ion engine, as I wrote recently.
If researchers really will mount this kind of high-energy accelerating system in the probe. That operates at an asteroid belt or in the atmosphere of the other planets makes those probes extremely highly-maneuverable.
Diagram 1)"(a) Schematics of the experiment. By irradiating a large-area suspended graphene target (LSG) with the ultra-intense J-KAREN laser, energetic ions are generated. (b) and (c) show the Raman spectrum and microscope image of graphene, respectively. (d) and (e) show the schematic drawing of stack detector using solid-state path trackers and Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), respectively. (g) and (f) show the typical data from TPS and stack, respectively. Credit: 2022 Y. Kuramitsu et al. Robustness of large-area suspended graphene under interaction with intense laser. Scientific Reports" (ScitechDaily, Graphene and an Intense Laser Open the Door to Extreme Energetic Ion acceleration)
But there is the possibility that this kind of system can be used in the Earth's atmosphere. That thing makes it possible to create an aerial vehicle that is extremely high-maneuverable. And also that thing makes it possible to create a stealth system that cannot be seen on the radar.
The problem is how to make antimatter for the system? One version is to use a powerful magnetic field. That thing allows the system to pull protons or electrons through the thin gold layer. That thing turns some of those particles into anti-protons or positrons. And then that thing can use to make the extremely powerful light.
The purpose of that light is to pump energy to the ions that are traveling in the system. The diagram of that graphene-based ion accelerator is above this text. And the explanations for the diagram are taken from ScitechDaily.com.
The lasers are allowing to send spacecraft to orbiter without pollution. That thing makes them a very powerful tools. In the most futuristic plans, the extremely powerful nuclear-powered lasers can send the spacecraft even to other solar systems. And the same lasers that send spacecraft to orbiters and other planets can use as ASAT (Anti Satellite-systems). Those lasers could destroy satellites from the orbiter.
There is planned to use giant laser systems for lifting satellites to the orbiter of the Earth. And also those lasers could use to send probes to outer solar systems. The problem with those giant lasers is that the systems are heating the spacecraft. That heat effect can minimize by cooling the satellite as cold as possible. The use of lasers for sending spacecraft to orbiters is not new.
In those systems, the laser ray makes hot air under the craft. And that effect lifts the craft from the ground. In some other plans, the laser ray that is inside the craft would use to vaporize liquid hydrogen. That thing can use to thrust spacecraft. The lasers can also use for vaporizing the metals that are driven to particle accelerators. Those particle accelerators can be used as ion motors.
Graphene-based high-power particle accelerators can be used as ion engines.
Image 1:) "(a) Schematics of the experiment. By irradiating a large-area suspended graphene target (LSG)with the ultra-intense J-KAREN laser, energetic ions are generated. (b) and (c) show the Raman spectrum and microscope image of graphene, respectively. (d) and (e) show the schematic drawing of stack detector using solid-state path trackers and Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), respectively. (g) and (f) show the typical data from TPS and stack, respectively. Credit: 2022 Y. Kuramitsu et al. Robustness of large-area suspended graphene under interaction with intense laser. Scientific Reports" (ScitechDaily/Graphene and an Intense Laser Open the Door to Extreme Energetic Ion Acceleration
As lasers, the ion cannons can use to push the craft upward. The craft can be equipped with the opposite polar electric load than the ion flow. That allows to rise it to the orbiter.
The graphene and lasers are making it possible to create intense powerful ion accelerators. Those systems can use as an engine in spacecraft. The ion engines are particle accelerators. The graphene-ion accelerator can use for creating thrust for spacecraft. The thing is that the high-energy accelerators can also use as space weapons for the killer satellites whose primary objective is to destroy enemy satellites. The killer satellites can also deliver ions to the atmosphere for disturbing enemy communication.
The superpositioned photons can make something more than transmit data in quantum computers. The superpositioned and entangled particles can be used to measure the curvature of space itself.
Superpositioned particles are excellent tools for measuring such things as the curvature of spacetime and the effect of gravitation. The reason for that is that those particles are identical. And if another part of that particle pair is moving measuring differences between forms and energy level of those particles can be measured easily.
The curvature of the space is visible at the moving particle. And that thing is making this kind of thing more interesting. There is the possibility that the time will be stopped in another part of superpositioned and entangled particles by stressing it with radiation and moving it at a speed that is near the speed of light.
Another thing is that there is the possibility of things like theories about traveling faster than light. In that case, the extremely fast-moving object would face the incoming wave movement. That thing makes it travel virtually faster than light. The impact speed of those particles and wave movement is higher than the speed of light.
So there is the possibility to make the quantum-size black hole. On of the particle. Theoretically, there is no limit to the size of that kind of thing. And there is the possibility that the black hole can be smaller than a quark. If that thing is possible to make in the particle accelerator. That system will make it possible to see across the time.
The quantum entanglement would create between two particles. The other will travel at the speed of light and another would remain on a stable platform. That thing would make it possible to create the antenna. That brings wave movement from the future.
One of the reasons why we cannot see to the future is that the energy level of the universe is lower in the future than in the present day. The reason for that is that universe expands. The energy level of the universe decreases all the time when it expands. That causes energy and wave movement can travel only in one direction in time.
And that thing is to the future. Because the past is at a higher energy level than the future we should create a lower energy area at this time. If we want to bring wave movement from the future. By using a quantum whip that is the quantum entanglement where the other part is traveling with the speed of light. And other remains in a stable position is possible to bring wave movement from the future.
The quantum-size black holes are theoretical things. They can form to the surface of the particles when they are traveling through wave movement. The quantum-size black hole would make it possible to create the wormhole between superpositioned and entangled particles. If a wormhole would be possible to make. It would act like camera obscura or optical fiber. That thing can bring information from long distances in seconds.
People always told stories of the mythical islands. The mythical islands are places that are full of treasures. There is also the myth about mythical islands in physics. There is a tale that behind the line of the super heavy isotopes is the stable element.
Sometimes this mythical and hypothetical element is called "Byzantium". The superheavy elements exist for an extremely short time. And this is the reason why the stable superheavy elements are the myth. When Bob Lazar told the story of the Element 115 "Moscovium" people didn't believe him. The UFO-conspiracy theories are full of stories. How that kind of synthetic isotopes can use in propulsion systems.
The superheavy elements are allowing the creation of extremely small nuclear reactors. But the short existence of those isotopes and elements makes those things useless.
There is the possibility that the time dilation makes a teacup-size nuclear reactor possible. There is the theoretical possibility that there is a radioactive superheavy element that splits into the stable. Or non-radioactive isotopes. That thing would be the greatest advantage in nuclear technology. The non-radioactive fission products would be the solution for nuclear waste. And it can also offer the possibility to create nuclear weapons that are not producing radioactive waste.
The short-living isotope would not be suitable in any kind of propulsion system. When we are thinking possibility to put that element ("Moscovium") inside a particle accelerator. We can extend its lifetime by using time dilation. But there is another thing that the superheavy element can make. This kind of thing can collect energy from the quantum fields. Or it can also create an electromagnetic vacuum behind its ionized form.
A fast-moving superheavy isotope would form the zero-point system where the fast-moving particles are pushing the quantum fields to the core of the particle accelerator. The idea is when the particle accelerators are accelerating the super heavy element to the speed that is near the speed of light. The particle would travel inside its radiation. That means it cannot split in natural fission. Energy is pressing it to the form.
But when the particle is traveling extremely fast the quantum field around it would conduct energy to the walls of the particle accelerator. The idea is similar to the perpetual motion machine. The energy cannot transfer out from the fast-moving particles and the extra energy will conduct to the antenna that transforms it to the power supply. Also, the electromagnetic vacuum behind the particles pulls the wave movement to the accelerator.
Friction makes perpetual motion machines impossible to create. Perpetual motion machines would not create energy. They just recycle it. The thing that makes perpetual motion machines useless for energy production is that the power supply eats energy from the system.
So if the perpetual machine should do something more than rotate. It requires an outcoming power supply. If the perpetual motion machine would give power supply for the light. That thing requires energy that replaces the energy loss. That means the outcome energy would turn some systems into extremely long-moving components.
The time crystals that can operate at room temperature can be used as the next-generation extremely high-accurate clocks. The idea in the time crystals is that those atomic-scale structures can keep the energy that is stored in them. So the time crystal is the thing where energy impact is putting the crystals wobble in the "box". When those crystals are wobbling.
They transmit energy to the box's core. And then energy travels back to the crystals. In the quantum world time, crystals are possible only in quantum-scale structures. The thing is that. The time crystal is the quantum-scale perpetual motion machine.
The idea of a perpetual motion machine is that the machine takes energy punch. And then it will move forever. So perpetual motion machine recycles energy that is stored in it. The thing is that the perpetual motion machine is impossible because friction eats that energy. So the perpetual motion machine would not create energy. It just recycles it.
The time crystal is the quantum-scale perpetual motion machine as I wrote before. Or the system requires the beginning energy. And the friction in the quantum world is minimum. Time crystal recycles energy through wobbling structures. And that thing can use in the most accurate clocks in the world.
The large network of atom clocks can uncover the form of time. And uncover the thing. Is time connected to material or space?
But the problem has been that for working perfectly. Time crystals require extremely low temperatures. But the room-operating time crystals can make it possible to create extremely small-size atom clocks that can revolutionize measurements.
Those atom clocks can measure time dilation near Earth with extremely high accuracy. That means they can use to adjust the GPS satellites against the time dilation that causes measurement errors.
But cheap and powerful atom clocks can also measure how energy affects time. The network of atom clocks can also send information about time. That information is needed to make a deeper understanding of the interesting and mysterious phenomenon called time.
The large-scale network of atom clocks can also measure things is time stable? Or is there some kind of differences in the time dilation? And maybe someday there is the possibility that those atom clocks can be used to answer the question. Is time the only thing that is connected to the material? Or is time connected with space around the object.
When new computers process old data that is collected from probes they find new details. By using modern computers, researchers found the first planet of Proxima Centauri from the old images of the Hubble telescope while they preprocessed that data. And that means there is a possibility that the evidence of the extraterrestrial civilization is hiding in the data.
That is stored in the archives of NASA. There is the possibility that the answer hides in the metadata that is not processed. So the "first contact" could remain in some computer tape that is ever analyzed. And that means we could have the contact but we cannot detect that thing from data that is collected decades ago.
The fact is that we don't know do we have signals from other still hypothetical civilizations. The thing is that we should separate the synthetic signals from the "white noise". And that thing is not as easy as somebody might think. Many things might make it impossible to observe alien communication. And probably that thing can explain the "big silence". There is, of course, the possibility that aliens use highly secured encoded data transmission that we just cannot see that thing.
Zero-point communication might make that kind of communication network real. There might be small artificial black holes in those communication platforms that are pulling wave movement through their core. And that thing makes it possible to make the energy supply also in the interstellar space.
Or they might use some other type of communication tools for interstellar communication. The small crafts can be acting as cosmic USB sticks. There is the possibility that the artificial black holes would send craft that weighs less than a kilogram through the wormhole to the receivers.
The fact is that nobody knows what kind of communication tools those suspected creatures use for communication. There are multiple theoretical ways to make communication that cannot be seen by using radio telescopes. One version is to use X- or gamma-ray impulses for communication.
Or when the Voyager probe found "cosmic hum". That thing proved that there are also radio frequencies that cannot travel through the plasma ball. That covers the entire solar system. There can be multiple explanations why the civilizations don't answer.
The simplest answer could be that there is nobody near us. If another civilization is 3000 light-years away from us there is no single message from Earth that can travel across that distance. Or maybe aliens are too busy for making contact. Our solar system locates in an area where is an extraordinarily small number of stars. That means that maybe humanoids are not searching this area.
Artist's impression of "Bussard Ramjet" (Wikipedia/Bussard Ramjet)
There is the possibility that aliens would not travel close to us when they are going interstellar travel is, that we are inside an "empty bubble" of the universe.
So the aliens would not get fuel for their "Bussard Ramjets". Those hypothetical fusion systems require ions. And the reason why those aliens require a fusion system is simple. The extremely long distance between stars requires that the system would get fuel from its environment. The operating time of fission reactors is a couple of tens or maybe hundreds of years.
And if our hypothetical aliens travel between stars by using the craft that is not using wormholes. There is the possibility that journeys are taking even thousands of years. This means the hypothetical alien craft can be the unmanned probe that travels between stars. And when it arrives at its goal the crew could rise onboard.
The "Bussard Ramjet" or fusion system is required also for creating enough energy for black-hole-based zero-point propulsion. The start of this kind of system goes like this. At first, the regular nuclear reactor gives start power for the fusion system. Or maybe our hypothetical aliens would give the start-power by using high-power maser rays.
The zero-point energy systems are not forming energy from emptiness. They just transform energy like wave movement to form. That it can use for energy supply.
There is the possibility that those humanoids would not use radios for communication. They might use superpositioned and entangled particles for long-distance communication. That kind of superposition can be light-years long. And if the aliens have extremely powerful zero-point energy production systems. That allows them to create interstellar communication systems that are not connected with stars.
The "zero-point" systems are not forming energy from anything. They are forming energy from wave movement and particles that are hitting the core of the system. The zero point system requires wave movement or particles for making energy. The black hole-based system would pull wave movement to the core where it can conduct to engines and power supply. Or it can use particles that are impacting its core. The system can collect energy from those particles.
Or it can transform them into antimatter by driving them through the graphene layer. In that case, the magnetic field turns those particles into antimatter that can use in powerful engines. But if there is a low number of stars and particles. That means the zero-point system would not work. There are too few things that the zero-point system cannot transform into energy that the system can use for creating energy for the craft.
If the hypothetical alien's interstellar systems use interstellar ramjets for making energy and fuel for antimatter systems. That thing can mean that they are avoiding this area. The interstellar ramjet requires hydrogen ions for starting. There is a giant powerful magnetic system that pulls ions through the craft.
And a laser system that ignites the fusion. This kind of theoretical system can use a regular fission reactor for pul ions inside the craft. Then the laser system ignites the fusion. And then the energy of that fusion is used to create antimatter. So the craft requires hydrogen ions for a certain stage of acceleration. And if there is no hydrogen or any other type of ions that fusion system is useless.
Metaverse is the entirety of virtual worlds that are linked together on the internet. That thing means the world. Where people are interacting together as "avatars". Avatars are virtual creatures that would not have any match with the person that they represent. So the person who uses an avatar can take any creature like a dragon or Darth Vader that the person wants. The interacting virtual spaces can be interconnected together. Some of them might be offices.
And some of them might be some kind of games or lectures. Each of those virtual worlds is like a room, there might be a different theme. And the metaverse is one of the most interesting things on the internet. When we talk about virtual spaces. That connected as the metaverse. We are talking about spaces that might have a connection with reality.
Or they might be pure imagination. The user of the virtual reality-based metaverse can search things from the films that the rovers send from Mars. Or they can be at the space that is made by using the imagination. Those virtual worlds can involve modified reality like tables on Mars. And those kinds of things can use for research. Or just for fun like game platforms.
The thing is metaverse is the interactive workspace. It can use by using VR sets. But any kind of screen is enough for communicating with computers by using metaverse. And the next-generation tool can be a GSM-mobile device that uses the VR set. Or it can be BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) that allows a person to connect with the virtual space anywhere where is a data connection.
The metaverse can use for making many things. It can be used for just fun. But otherwise, users can control things like robots that are sending their data for the controller by using metaverse. When researchers are making a metaverse where they are making the 3D images of things like some land areas they can use multiple satellite systems for making that thing.
The radar satellites can make the 3D computer topography and the satellites that are using optical systems like cameras can connect images to the radar map. The low- and medium-altitude aircraft can connect more high-resolution images for this map. The robots that are dropped from airplanes can be interconnected with those maps or top. That kind of system can use for research jungles that no man ever visited before. But the 3D metaverses can use for making routes for cruise missiles.
The metaverse can also interconnect the data that is got from aerial vehicles like manned or unmanned aircraft, naval units, recon satellites, and ground units to one entirety. That makes metaverse an excellent tool for controlling military operations. That allows the high commander to connect the command system with helmet cameras of field operators. And the sensors of aircraft and naval units are also transmitting information to high-command.
This system allows connecting intelligence like SIGINT, photo recon, and combat troops to one entirety. And when some soldier shoots with a rifle the field commander gets information about that thing. And the system can calculate how many bullets are left. The supply system can automatically send resupply when they are needed.
There is one remarkable thing about the event horizon. That point is the area where photons or wave movement cannot escape. Before that point is other points where neutrons, protons, electrons, and quarks cannot escape. And the final thing that can escape from the black hole is the photon.
When we are thinking about the form of gravitational waves we can think of the scenario, where one giant quantum field is surrounding a black hole a reason for gravitational waves would be the quantum field or event horizon is causing friction.
The reason for that thing. Is that when the speed of particles would rise high enough. They turn to superstrings or wave movement. That wave movement is so dense that it acts like one entirety.
When the event horizon rotates. It will interact with the quantum fields outside the black hole. That interaction causes the thunder that is called the gravitational waves. So gravitational waves are the thunder that moves in the quantum fields.
There is the possibility that the whirl of particles that are traveling with the speed of light. Are denying that nothing can cross that layer or those whirling particles act as a sonic whirl. But the speed of those particles would be much higher than sonic whirl.
In some visions, holograms create the electromagnetic vacuum inside them that can use to make a powerful zero-point energy system.
If the information can travel across that point it must travel in the same direction with that whirl. So there is the possibility that holograms can form the bubble where photons are closing the sphere inside them. They could make an electromagnetic vacuum that acts like a black hole. The whirl where photons are traveling with the speed of light around some area can form the electromagnetic vacuum.
The black holes can be an extremely powerful version of the zero-point energy system. The black holes can pull energy through the chamber. And the core of that chamber will collect that energy.
That thing could use for demonstrating the black holes. The electromagnetic bubble or vacuum can also make energy travel to the object that is inside them. That makes them good boosters for zero-point propulsion systems. When we are thinking about the possibility to use a black hole as the propulsion system.
We can put a black hole in the ball-shaped structure. The black hole would pull radiation through that ball-shaped layer. And that thing makes it possible that the core of the ball-shaped power unit can collect that radiation.
Maybe researchers can make a similar effect where radiation travels in one direction by using liquid helium. The black holes would give a more powerful effect to that system. And we could think of that way to make electricity as one version of the zero-point energy system.
