Skip to main content

The fusion energy is coming.



Fusion energy is one of the most interesting versions of energy production. The problem is that this reactor requires deuterium and tritium for the fusion. The term "heavy water" means that the hydrogen is turned to its heavier isotopes deuterium and tritium. But there is so small number of those isotopes in the water. 

In hydrogen bombs, lithium deuteride creates, deuterium and tritium when it's shot with neutrons. But deuterium and tritium can produce from water by stressing it with radiation. In nature, 0,015% of hydrogen is in deuterium form. 

So vaporized lithium deuteride can use in fusion reactors the same way. The radiation stress would turn lithium 6 deuteride into deuterium and tritium. The vacuum allows vaporizing the lithium deuteride. And then that vaporized lithium deuteride can be driven to a tokamak-type donut-shaped reactor. 

When a fusion reaction is started. The reactor's radiation can use to produce deuterium and tritium. The bottle of water will take near the fusion reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor should turn the hydrogen in that water to deuterium and tritium. In laboratories, deuterium and tritium are formed by stressing water by using X-ray machines.

In the universe, the deuterium is forming in the nuclear fusion of stars.  But there is no chemical reaction that can form the deuterium or tritium. There is the possibility to create tritium by using neutron radiation. In that case, the neutron flow would impact deuterium. And the deuterium traps neutron and turns to tritium. 

In the production of those heavier isotopes of hydrogen, the neutron or two neutrons in the case of tritium must connect to the proton. Producing tritium by using Helium 3 is impossible because there are two protons and one neutron in Helium 3. The tritium involves two neutrons and one proton. 

But in nature heavy water is forming when cosmic radiation hits the water. In that reaction, the hydrogen turns to deuterium and tritium. This reaction is extremely slow. But when we are thinking possibility to take the water tanks to the edge of the atmosphere. There is the possibility to stress the water by using cosmic radiation.

Researchers can make it by using balloons or high-flying aircraft. The high-flying stratospheric aircraft can take water bottles to the upper atmosphere. 

There is the possibility to use the fission reactor to create deuterium and tritium. In that case, the water bottle will be put in the nuclear reactor. And then the neutron radiation can turn the water into heavy water. So the nuclear reactor will turn the hydrogen atoms in water be deuterium and tritium. But the most economical version is to benefit the fusion reactor's radiation for making those hydrogen isotopes. 


https://quillette.com/2022/02/21/fusion-power-is-coming/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium


https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Black holes cause a virtual redshift because gravitation stretches the wavelength near them.

At the beginning of this text is a film about the redshift of black holes. Gravitation stretches light, and that means gravitation fields are pulling waves longer. That thing is called the gravitational redshift. As you can see from the film, the black hole stretches radiation and distorts the redshift. Gravitational redshift, or virtual redshift, means that a black hole might seem to be at a longer distance than it is. The film shows the redshift of the star that orbits a supermassive black hole. But all other black holes interact the same way.  The event horizon is always constant. At that point, the black hole's escaping velocity is the same as the speed of light. So every black hole interacts basically in the same way. And it's possible to apply that model to all black holes irrespective of their size.  Is gravitation the thing that forms dark energy? That thing seems somehow strange. But when photons and other particles are traveling through the ball that forms the visible

The shape of the brain means more than neuro connectivity.

Well, we might say that the brain is in its entirety. Another thing is that all things in the brain have some kind of purpose. The shape of the brain and, especially, the folding of the brain shell are extremely important things. Those folds are expanding the brain's surface areas. And the brain shell has a primary role in the thinking process. The surface area of the brain determines how large the cerebral cortex is. And in a large cerebral cortex, there are a large number of neurons. But as I just wrote, the brain is in its entirety. "Researchers have discovered that the shape of a person’s brain significantly impacts thought, feeling, and behavior, overturning the prevailing emphasis on complex neuronal connectivity. Utilizing MRI scans and the principle of eigenmodes, they found that brain function is closely linked to its geometric properties, much like how the shape of a musical instrument determines its sound, offering new avenues for exploring brain function and diseas

New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel.

 New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel.  The new material is the hollow glass fiber with DNA molecules inside that structure. Or as you see from the image. The glass fibers are on both sides of the DNA.  DNA molecule is the thing, that involves the genetic code of the cells. Genetically engineered cells can make DNA, and those molecules can used as the nanomaterial's structures. DNA manipulation makes it possible to create new types of extremely strong materials. And those materials are stronger than steel and lighter than it. DNA molecules can act as nano-size springs.  And in some visions, genetically engineered cyborg cells like cyborg macrophages can make extremely long DNA molecules. And then they can just use those molecules as spears that can pierce wanted cells. Or those cyborg cells can also dumb targeted cells full of the DNA that terminates them immediately.  The DNA and nanotube combinations can also act as DNA-b