The main problem with nanomachines is: how to make parts for them.

Biological nanomachines are genetically engineered bacteria. The problem with organic nanorobots is that they have the same limits as bacteria. Normally in nanotechnology bacteria's ability to make descendants is terminated. There is only DNA plasmid in the core of those bacteria.

The purpose of the DNA plasmid is to control the functions of bacteria. But the main DNA is removed. That means bacteria cannot make descendants. And it makes bacteria easier to control.

The non-biological nanomachines are necessary tools in highly toxic and radiation environments. Their operational area is larger than genetically engineered bacteria. Those non-organic or non-biological systems can operate at a high level of radiation and higher temperatures than bacteria. But making large numbers of those machines is difficult.

Nanomachines are impressive tools. But the biggest problem is how to make those extremely small machines work right. There are billions of points where nanorobots are useful, but creating parts for those systems is difficult. Things like microchips are easy to make in miniature size. But the problem is in mechanical parts. How to make a gearbox for nanomachine?

That system allows the nanomachine to move back and forth in its operational area. One of the versions is to use two nano-size electric motors that are connected to an axle. The first electric engine is connected to its axle straight.

And another one uses protein wire as the cross-drawn belt. Or the system can use two cogwheel-like molecules as the gears.

The axles and pulleys are created by using fullerene nanotubes. That is cut into pieces by using lasers. Researchers can also create those system's propellers by using thin nylon or kevlar fibers.

Another version is to put miniature magnets around nanotubes that are pulled through nanomachines. And that thing makes them miniature MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic Drives). The nanomachine itself can be the crystal that is controlled by a microchip. That microchip can also deliver energy to those nanomachines.

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