Genomes and memories are an interesting combination.

 Genomes and memories are an interesting combination. 

Researchers found genome that controls memories is 650 million years old. And this thing makes an interesting vision in mind. The memory is part of the thinking process. And thinking is the mixture of memories and observations. So when people think they combine memories making imaginations that are synthetic memories created by brains. 

Humans have three types of memories. 

1) Short-term memory that might connected with magnesite and electromagnetic actions in the neurons. 

2) Long-term individual memory. That long-term memory is the thing. We used to return things that happened a long time ago in our mind of a consequence. This memory is stored in chemical storage like in the neuron's DNA. 

3) The species typical memory. That memory controls the behavioral actions that are important for species survivability. This memory is encoded in the DNA. 

The difference between this memory. That travels over generations. And the memory that encodes individual behavior is that this species' memory is encoded in gametes. 

We must realize that things like phobias are controlled by memory. And that makes it possible. Memories like the fear of spiders or snakes will transfer over generations. 

The sad thing about memory is that. It was created to guarantee the survivability of the species and individuals. That means that we remember bad things better than good things. 

The memory might act like this. 

The electric shocks from the sensory cell or other neurons stress some cell organelle. Then that cell organelle creates the RNA that controls the certain cell organelles that send the electric signals to the axon. At the end of the axon that electric signal activates the cell organelle that creates the neurotransmitters. 

Synthetic RNA makes it possible to control that process and it makes it possible to transfer memories into the cells. And as we might remember, skills are memories.

Nanotechnology, along with DNA-based computers opens new visions for memories. The nanomachines can search individual neurons. They can put themselves between neurons. And then act as middlemen in neural communication. Or they can remove plaque from the axons in the case of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's 

"Researchers have found that genes linked to complex behaviors like learning and aggression originated around 650 million years ago, potentially influencing the Cambrian Explosion. This discovery may provide insights into the origins of various complex behaviors in animals, including humans." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Discover That the Genes for Learning and Memory Are 650 Million Years Old)

Nanotechnology opens new visions for memories. And maybe quite soon. DNA-based computers can exchange information with living animals and humans' DNA. That ability makes it possible to fix genetic errors in the human body. And that thing also makes it possible to reprogram human memory. 

The nanomachines and AI can read the memory from the isolated DNA or RNA molecules. That thing gives an interesting vision for history research and if the AI can find neuron DNA, and then isolate the memory sequences from the neural DNA, that thing gives us the possibility to see the things that some animal or human saw in its life. That thing requires the possibility to decode the DNA. But DNA-based computers can probably make that vision real. 

The ability to connect DNA bites gives the possibility to create innate fears for urban people. Maybe sometimes in the future, people avoid harmful nutrients like the wrong type of fat because they are programmed to avoid those things. So the people of tomorrow might avoid fat because they think that thing like we think about poisonous mushrooms. 

And they might avoid nicotine and some other harmful things because their heritable DNA is manipulated to make them avoid harmful things, like polyunsaturated fatty acids. Those DNA bites can make people respect and fear cars like we already have against spiders and snakes. Another wild vision is that nanotechnology allows. That people can have innate programming skills or something like that. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-that-the-genes-for-learning-and-memory-are-650-million-years-old/

New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel.

 New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel. 

The new material is the hollow glass fiber with DNA molecules inside that structure. Or as you see from the image. The glass fibers are on both sides of the DNA.  DNA molecule is the thing, that involves the genetic code of the cells. Genetically engineered cells can make DNA, and those molecules can used as the nanomaterial's structures. DNA manipulation makes it possible to create new types of extremely strong materials. And those materials are stronger than steel and lighter than it. DNA molecules can act as nano-size springs. 

And in some visions, genetically engineered cyborg cells like cyborg macrophages can make extremely long DNA molecules. And then they can just use those molecules as spears that can pierce wanted cells. Or those cyborg cells can also dumb targeted cells full of the DNA that terminates them immediately. 

The DNA and nanotube combinations can also act as DNA-based supercomputers. And that kind of system controls the next-generation materials. That can have military and civil applications. 

The next-generation supercomputer can be the DNA-based computer. That is like a tube network over the structures. That kind of system can cover the entire aircraft or any vehicle. In that system, the computer is integrated into the nanotubes. 

That makes the layer strong. And that allows the computer to control things like nanolayers. That kind of DNA-based system can also handle the entire computing of the vehicles. And it can make an invisibility cloak possible. DNA-based computers can handle billions of simultaneous calculations. This makes them the ultimate tools for controlling the active nano-layers. 

"Researchers from the University of Connecticut and colleagues have created a highly durable, lightweight material by structuring DNA and then coating it in glass. The resulting product, characterized by its nanolattice structure, exhibits a unique combination of strength and low density, making it potentially useful in applications like vehicle manufacturing and body armor. (Artist’s concept.) (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Create New Material Five Times Lighter and Four Times Stronger Than Steel)

And if a system like an aircraft is shot down or captured by enemies. That computer can destroyed immediately by cutting the DNA with enzymes. Because the DNA is destroyed the computer code is impossible to restore. 

The DNA molecules can also be in DNA-based computers. Genetically manipulated bacteria with artificial DNA are the tools that can make many complicated things. Researchers plan to modify bacteria to create fibrines. Those fibrines can be used to close veins that transfer blood to tumors. And cyborg bacteria can also fill targeted cells with fibrines. And that thing makes them the ultimate tool for surgery. Those bacteria can search and destroy wanted cells from the human body. And they can close blood leaks. 

But DNA-based computers can also give a powerful "mind" for the nanomachines. The nanomachines have problems in that they should operate independently. And the robots that travel inside our body can do many complicated things if they use powerful computers. The DNA-based computing technology allows the microscopic powerful computers. 

The ability to make synthetic DNA for nanomachines allows to creation of intelligent structures. Those intelligent structures can inform about damages. But they also can be used as computers. So that kind of technology makes it possible for researchers can combine computers with other structures. And that gives the idea that the next-generation people can live in computers because their house is a computer.  

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-create-new-material-five-times-lighter-and-four-times-stronger-than-steel/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Photonic and hybrid neural computers are coming.

   Photonic and hybrid neural computers are coming. 

The photonic computers can transfer binary data to qubits. 

There are two types of photonic computers. The photonic binary computer. And quantum computer that uses quantum entanglement between photons to transport information. 

The binary photonic computer requires photonic versions of the well-known electric components. In that computer, the key elements are the light transistors. The light transistor is an optical system where laser rays replace transistor electric parts, stock, collector, and emitter.

The light transistor is the system where the data laser transfers information into the carrier wave. Or oppositely. The laser beam that transports information between stock and collector will get more power from the emitter laser. 

In photonic computers, lasers are used as diodes. The electric computer transforms information into photonic form simply transferring it into communication lasers. The researchers can adjust those lasers' power or brightness by shooting those laser rays into the small light cells that pump energy in the lasers' electric circuit. That thing adjusts the brightness of the laser ray. 

The laser resistors can be nano technical components. There could be small hatches in the graphene net. And then the laser just opens those hatches by pressing them. Or a laser can transfer energy into the frame. When energy transfer continues long enough, that causes a photo-electric reaction which opens the hatch and lets that laser ray travel through this system. The mirrors can act as routers in that system. 

Image 1) Ring topology or token ring. The data travels in this ring. And every computer processes the answer. The hybrid network where the star topology and ring topology are connected would be more effective in hard data operations

Image 2) Star topology. The point of a single computer can be some kind of subnetwork. The neural computer can use this topology along with the ring model topology. The data travels between computers or sub-networks in a ring. The central unit can calculate how many times that data flow traveled around that system. The printer point can be data storage or the input and output point for data. 

The system requires internal data storage because there is a possibility. That there are some kind of errors in the system. The star topology can also introduce how quantum computers operate. The central unit cuts data that the system must process, sending those data bites to those sub-systems. In that system, those sub-systems simultaneously work with that mission. These kinds of systems are most effective when they are operating with long mathematical inductions where those systems can find recursions or the points where the function gets its zero points between certain value series. 

The photonic computer can be the step to drive information into qubits. Normal quantum computers use superpositioned and entangled photons. Photons are neutral and electromagnetic fields do not affect them. That makes their control easier. The photon is a "hard particle". The electron could also be possible to use in that mission. 

But making quantum entanglement between electrons is not without problems because the electron is larger, and there is more space than a photon. And that makes the electron act like a softball. And that makes it hard to synchronize two electron's oscillations. 

When computers act united, they work very effectively. The reason why quantum computers are dangerous is that they can calculate long induction series like Riemann's conjecture more effectively than regular computers. 

The quantum computer is similar to the binary computer group. The difference is that information is packed in physical particles called qubits in quantum computers. And its base is in the particle's superposition. The reason, why a quantum computer requires superposition and quantum entanglement is it must drive information from point A to point B without changes in that information. 

The neural computer, or binary computer group can operate as a virtual quantum computers. The AI-based central processing unit can share parts of the calculations with those binary computers. And each of them is handling part of the mission. The simplest example where engineers can use that virtual quantum system is to calculate linear calculations like series. 

The difference between a quantum and a neural computer is that a quantum computer calculates calculations simultaneously. The neural computer makes one part of the mission but then it sends the result forward. We can use computers in star topology networks as an example of simple neural and quantum computers. In the neural version, data travels through the network. And each computer breeds or processes the result that the computer gets. That thing makes this system the ultimate tool for calculating induction series and finding recursion in them. 

If we use network star topology as an example of a quantum computer. The central unit cuts the formula into pieces. And then it sends those parts to other computers. Those computers operate simultaneously with their bite. And then send that data back to the central unit. That makes this system an ultimate tool when calculating long induction series. Those series are easy to cut into pieces. 

But hybrid systems are even more effective. The term neural-quantum computer means. That in the single computer's place is a subnetwork or another network of computers. In that system, the multiple subnetworks are operating with the same problem. The neural networks can consist of quantum computers or the quantum network can involve the neural rings. 

The difference is that the quantum computer can calculate multiple calculations simultaneously. And that ability makes the quantum computer a powerful tool for calculating long series like Riemann's conjecture. The AI-based system can cut the calculations by using known points in the number line that the formula has given. 

The operating system just cuts the number line between known results that researchers got using a certain mathematical formula like Riemann's conjecture. That allows the computers can calculate simultaneously that series between thousand values. That makes this type of computer group faster than regular monolithic computers. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems.

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems. 

DNA and biochemistry with molecular biology are emerging and promising tools for high-power computing. The DNA-based computers can use the biochemical core along with DNA. And then, that system can communicate with regular microelectronics. The system can run over 100 billion programs, and that makes the system an interesting multi-tasker.

The DNA molecules can act as the programs for next-generation AI-based microchip-kernel applications. Chemical DNA computing uses nanotechnical systems to make the DNA that acts as the perforated tape in that system. In those models, the DNA transfers information between processors. In that model, DNA replaces electric wires in components as data transporter. But it requires fast-operating nanotechnology. 

The most futuristic visions of DNA-based computers are computers that use fast-operating nanotechnology. In that model, the system creates the synthetic DNA molecules by using nanotechnology. And those DNA molecules act like perforated tape of the old-fashioned computers. However, the system can use the DNA as a tool that can run complex AI-based software. And maybe the AI-based kernel architecture uses the DNA molecules as programs. 

There are three types of electric DNA computers. Or, the number of DNA-based computers depends on how we determine the use of the DNA in those systems. 

1) The computers that use DNA molecules as the microprocessors. Those DNA bites can act as part of regular-looking microchips. 

1a) The DNA can act as an information handler itself. 

1b) The DNA can act as a program for the ROM circuits. 

2) The computers that use DNA as the components like springs that control switches. 

3) Living cells that are used to process information. 

3a) Dummy systems, or systems that use dummy cells. Those systems can be bacteria which fibers can act as connectors. Those bacteria can be microchip controlled. 

3b) The systems that use intelligent cells like living neurons as data handlers.

In DNA-based computing, DNA is the tool that replaced regular microchips. If each base pair is one state of the DNA-based microprocessor. Data travels from the first vertical strand through horizontal base pairs to another main strand. That thing gives the DNA the ability to run billions of programs at the same time. The system can work like this. The microchip or some optical system transports data from regular microchips to DNA. 

The system can use miniature lasers that shoot photons to silicon bites. Those silicone bites are at the point of every base pair. Their mission is to transfer photons into electric impulses. Then data travels through those base pairs into the DNA's other side. DNA-based computing is a new and promising tool. The DNA computer's multi-tasking ability can used in quantum computing. That means every base pair acts as one qubit's state. This thing makes those systems even more powerful than nobody expected. 

https://www.britannica.com/technology/DNA-computing

https://futurism.com/worlds-first-reprogrammable-dna-computer

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/dna-based-computer-can-run-100-billion-different-programs/ar-AA1gF86Y

https://www.wired.com/story/finally-a-dna-computer-that-can-actually-be-reprogrammed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing.

 Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing. 

Optical computing is one of the most promising tools for creating new and powerful computers. Similar theories that researchers made for regular computers can be used in optical computers. The problem is how to transform photons into electric information. In some models, information travels between switches and photon transistors and gates in photon form. 

At the point where information travels to a switch or router a photovoltaic cell turns it into the electric form. And the other side the miniature LED turns it back into the photonic form. Or the router can replaced by using miniature mirrors. That increases the photonic volume in the data processing. 

"Researchers have highlighted the potential of on-chip nanophotonic systems as a solution to the challenges presented by traditional electrical networks. These systems utilize light for data transmission, offering increased bandwidth and speed". (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Well Nanowire Array Micro-LEDs: The Future of On-chip Optical Communication)

The optical computer is light and in the binary version when light is on, the value in the system is one. And when light is off the value is zero. The problem is how to blink light fast enough. 

The answer for that could be nano-LEDs or a system that looks like a camera shutter. When the shutter lets the light go to the photovoltaic cell the value is one. And when the shutter is shut, the value is zero. That allows to make the optical or half-optical computer by using regular lights.

If the system uses two routes for transmitting data is possible to make even faster computers. The system requires AI-based control, but in a binary system values one and zero have different routes. So route one gives value one. And route two gives a value of zero. Or opposite. The speed of shutters determines the speed of the computer. 

Making the optical computer by using two lights that send their light to photovoltaic cells is possible. Cell number one gives a value of zero. Cell number one gives value one. There should be fast-moving shutters like in cameras between those photovoltaic cells and the light source. 

The nano LEDs can be the tools that can also make the optical computers fast. The system can control those nano LEDs with very high accuracy. Computers can use Those LEDs in extremely small nano-lasers. Those nano-lasers could give very high-accurate light impulses to systems that turn the binary data into quantum mode. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena". (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

The neutrino is the almost perfect qubit. But the problem is: how to get neutrinos? 

The photon-neutrino interaction is the next-generation thing, that could use in quantum computers. Neutrino is a very weakly interacting particle, that interacts with photons. In some visions, the photons can be used to load information into neutrinos. 

The system uses single photons where information is loaded, and those photons will turn those neutrinos into qubits that can transport information over long distances. And then the neutrino detector will remove that data from neutrinos. The idea about neutrino qubits is based on the model that neutrino can have superposition like all other elementary particles.  

The problem with neutrinos is that they are hard to get. In some visions, the photons are used to stop the neutrino and then the information will load into it. Then some kind of EM radiation transfers that neutrino into the wanted direction. Then photon impacts or neutrino detectors can be used to download information from neutrino.

https://www.sciencealert.com/neutrinos-ghost-particles-can-interact-with-light-after-all

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-well-nanowire-array-micro-leds-the-future-of-on-chip-optical-communication/

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

 Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

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Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

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Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation?

 How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation? 

There is the possibility that dark matter is the thing that pulls gravitational waves out from gravitational centers. If dark matter is 2D material where particles are "flat". That means energy travels into that material. There is a halo of dark matter around every gravitational center, and if we think that gravitational waves travel out from the gravitational centers that could mean that the dark matter halo pulls those gravitational waves in an opposite direction than other radiation.

If we think that our dimension is like water gravitational waves would remove surface tension. And that makes the other quantum fields travel into that gravitational center. So gravitation is wave movement that pushes the bottom away from the dimension. And then other quantum fields with longer wavelengths try to fill that hole. That thing causes a situation. Where those other quantum fields drive particles into the black holes. That thing could be a simple version of the gravitational interaction where outside quantum fields carry objects into the direction of the gravitational center.  

Artist illustration of a dark matter halo. (Image credit: Artistic rendering by Christopher Dessert, Nicholas L. Rodd, Benjamin R. Safdi, Zosia Rostomian (Berkeley Lab), based on data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope.) (Space.com/Astronomers weigh ancient galaxies' dark matter haloes for 1st time)

In this model, the cold dark matter has a lower energy level than visible matter. That means energy travels from the visible material into the cold dark matter. If we could trap cold dark matter that thing could form the ultimate Stirling engine. In that model, researchers will put the dark matter into the lower energy side of the engine. Then energy flow travels from the material to that dark matter. And it would make the ultimate Stirling engines where energy travels from material into cold dark matter. 

Researchers calculated the weight of the dark matter halo in distant galaxies. That thing means that the visible dark matter interactions are pathfinders for modeling and understanding the form of gravitation.  It's impossible to model dark matter without that information. Dark matter is very hard to measure. And that's why it's so mysterious. There is no single confirmed impact with particles and dark matter. But if that kind of information is confirmed it would change the physics. 

https://www.space.com/dark-matter-haloes-ancient-galaxy-1st-weight-measurements

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html