The pulse-detonation scramjet engines can make the new type of hypersonic flight possible.

There are two versions of the pulse-detonation wave engines. The first one is the flap scramjet.

That engine is the modified version of the flap jet engine. During WW2, Germans used that engine in a V-1 cruise missile. The flap scramjet is the scramjet engine that has a flap system. When the speed is too slow for ignition of the scramjet engine the system injects an oxygen fuel mixture into that engine.

And that engine uses regular rocket mode until the aircraft is about Mach-6-7 when operators open the air intakes. Then the system can start to use air from the atmosphere. That thing makes the system very powerful and multi-use.

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The pistol shrimp has given an idea for PDWS systems.

The idea of the Pulse-Detonation Wave System ( PDWS) is coming from the pistol shrimp. That small shrimp can create a low-pressure bubble in water.

The temperature in that bubble rises to 5000 kelvins. And that thing causes a very strong sound. If an engine system can create a similar bubble in the rocket- or jet engine that thing can create pulses, that thing can increase the thrust of the engine for a short time. The simultaneously created bubbles can make the system give those punches or power impulses in series.

The way how pistol shrimps can make those bubbles can model to nanomachines. And that thing can make it possible to create engines that use mechanical systems like fast-moving scissors, fast-moving membranes, or electric arcs to create engine systems that can operate without combustion.

In some versions, the system can make the bubble by pulling the piston in a closed chamber that is filled with water backward. And then more water will inject into that chamber. The low pressure makes water vaporize. And then the injected water increases pressure. So this kind of system can make it possible to create flying machines or high-speed underwater systems that will need no propellers or combustion in their reaction engines.

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The main problem with hypersonic engines is that they are straight tubes. If the firefront moves too far away from the combustion chamber that will decrease the thrust. The system can eliminate that effect by creating a bubble in the exhaust tube.

But there is another way to think about hypersonic engines. And one version of how to increase the thrust of the system is to put bubbles in the exhaust tube. That thing makes it possible to create a situation where the system can punch against the bubble. That bubble increases the force that punches forward of the engine.

In ion engines, the magnetic stick has the same polarity as the flowing ions that can make that kind of bubble. The idea is that the system can create the bubble or the front in an ion engine. That system will increase the thrust of that system.

https://ourmarinespecies.com/c-shrimp/pistol-shrimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Black holes cause a virtual redshift because gravitation stretches the wavelength near them.

At the beginning of this text is a film about the redshift of black holes. Gravitation stretches light, and that means gravitation fields are pulling waves longer. That thing is called the gravitational redshift. As you can see from the film, the black hole stretches radiation and distorts the redshift. Gravitational redshift, or virtual redshift, means that a black hole might seem to be at a longer distance than it is. The film shows the redshift of the star that orbits a supermassive black hole. But all other black holes interact the same way. The event horizon is always constant. At that point, the black hole's escaping velocity is the same as the speed of light. So every black hole interacts basically in the same way. And it's possible to apply that model to all black holes irrespective of their size. Is gravitation the thing that forms dark energy? That thing seems somehow strange. But when photons and other particles are traveling through the ball that forms the visible

The shape of the brain means more than neuro connectivity.

Well, we might say that the brain is in its entirety. Another thing is that all things in the brain have some kind of purpose. The shape of the brain and, especially, the folding of the brain shell are extremely important things. Those folds are expanding the brain's surface areas. And the brain shell has a primary role in the thinking process. The surface area of the brain determines how large the cerebral cortex is. And in a large cerebral cortex, there are a large number of neurons. But as I just wrote, the brain is in its entirety. "Researchers have discovered that the shape of a person’s brain significantly impacts thought, feeling, and behavior, overturning the prevailing emphasis on complex neuronal connectivity. Utilizing MRI scans and the principle of eigenmodes, they found that brain function is closely linked to its geometric properties, much like how the shape of a musical instrument determines its sound, offering new avenues for exploring brain function and diseas

New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel.

New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel. The new material is the hollow glass fiber with DNA molecules inside that structure. Or as you see from the image. The glass fibers are on both sides of the DNA. DNA molecule is the thing, that involves the genetic code of the cells. Genetically engineered cells can make DNA, and those molecules can used as the nanomaterial's structures. DNA manipulation makes it possible to create new types of extremely strong materials. And those materials are stronger than steel and lighter than it. DNA molecules can act as nano-size springs. And in some visions, genetically engineered cyborg cells like cyborg macrophages can make extremely long DNA molecules. And then they can just use those molecules as spears that can pierce wanted cells. Or those cyborg cells can also dumb targeted cells full of the DNA that terminates them immediately. The DNA and nanotube combinations can also act as DNA-b

Is the cat dead, or is it living? The revolutionary quantum world.

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