Genomes and memories are an interesting combination.

 Genomes and memories are an interesting combination. 

Researchers found genome that controls memories is 650 million years old. And this thing makes an interesting vision in mind. The memory is part of the thinking process. And thinking is the mixture of memories and observations. So when people think they combine memories making imaginations that are synthetic memories created by brains. 

Humans have three types of memories. 

1) Short-term memory that might connected with magnesite and electromagnetic actions in the neurons. 

2) Long-term individual memory. That long-term memory is the thing. We used to return things that happened a long time ago in our mind of a consequence. This memory is stored in chemical storage like in the neuron's DNA. 

3) The species typical memory. That memory controls the behavioral actions that are important for species survivability. This memory is encoded in the DNA. 

The difference between this memory. That travels over generations. And the memory that encodes individual behavior is that this species' memory is encoded in gametes. 

We must realize that things like phobias are controlled by memory. And that makes it possible. Memories like the fear of spiders or snakes will transfer over generations. 

The sad thing about memory is that. It was created to guarantee the survivability of the species and individuals. That means that we remember bad things better than good things. 

The memory might act like this. 

The electric shocks from the sensory cell or other neurons stress some cell organelle. Then that cell organelle creates the RNA that controls the certain cell organelles that send the electric signals to the axon. At the end of the axon that electric signal activates the cell organelle that creates the neurotransmitters. 

Synthetic RNA makes it possible to control that process and it makes it possible to transfer memories into the cells. And as we might remember, skills are memories.

Nanotechnology, along with DNA-based computers opens new visions for memories. The nanomachines can search individual neurons. They can put themselves between neurons. And then act as middlemen in neural communication. Or they can remove plaque from the axons in the case of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's 

"Researchers have found that genes linked to complex behaviors like learning and aggression originated around 650 million years ago, potentially influencing the Cambrian Explosion. This discovery may provide insights into the origins of various complex behaviors in animals, including humans." (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Discover That the Genes for Learning and Memory Are 650 Million Years Old)

Nanotechnology opens new visions for memories. And maybe quite soon. DNA-based computers can exchange information with living animals and humans' DNA. That ability makes it possible to fix genetic errors in the human body. And that thing also makes it possible to reprogram human memory. 

The nanomachines and AI can read the memory from the isolated DNA or RNA molecules. That thing gives an interesting vision for history research and if the AI can find neuron DNA, and then isolate the memory sequences from the neural DNA, that thing gives us the possibility to see the things that some animal or human saw in its life. That thing requires the possibility to decode the DNA. But DNA-based computers can probably make that vision real. 

The ability to connect DNA bites gives the possibility to create innate fears for urban people. Maybe sometimes in the future, people avoid harmful nutrients like the wrong type of fat because they are programmed to avoid those things. So the people of tomorrow might avoid fat because they think that thing like we think about poisonous mushrooms. 

And they might avoid nicotine and some other harmful things because their heritable DNA is manipulated to make them avoid harmful things, like polyunsaturated fatty acids. Those DNA bites can make people respect and fear cars like we already have against spiders and snakes. Another wild vision is that nanotechnology allows. That people can have innate programming skills or something like that. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-discover-that-the-genes-for-learning-and-memory-are-650-million-years-old/

New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel.

 New nanomaterial is 4 times harder than steel. And, at the same time 5 times lighter than steel. 

The new material is the hollow glass fiber with DNA molecules inside that structure. Or as you see from the image. The glass fibers are on both sides of the DNA.  DNA molecule is the thing, that involves the genetic code of the cells. Genetically engineered cells can make DNA, and those molecules can used as the nanomaterial's structures. DNA manipulation makes it possible to create new types of extremely strong materials. And those materials are stronger than steel and lighter than it. DNA molecules can act as nano-size springs. 

And in some visions, genetically engineered cyborg cells like cyborg macrophages can make extremely long DNA molecules. And then they can just use those molecules as spears that can pierce wanted cells. Or those cyborg cells can also dumb targeted cells full of the DNA that terminates them immediately. 

The DNA and nanotube combinations can also act as DNA-based supercomputers. And that kind of system controls the next-generation materials. That can have military and civil applications. 

The next-generation supercomputer can be the DNA-based computer. That is like a tube network over the structures. That kind of system can cover the entire aircraft or any vehicle. In that system, the computer is integrated into the nanotubes. 

That makes the layer strong. And that allows the computer to control things like nanolayers. That kind of DNA-based system can also handle the entire computing of the vehicles. And it can make an invisibility cloak possible. DNA-based computers can handle billions of simultaneous calculations. This makes them the ultimate tools for controlling the active nano-layers. 

"Researchers from the University of Connecticut and colleagues have created a highly durable, lightweight material by structuring DNA and then coating it in glass. The resulting product, characterized by its nanolattice structure, exhibits a unique combination of strength and low density, making it potentially useful in applications like vehicle manufacturing and body armor. (Artist’s concept.) (ScitechDaily.com/Scientists Create New Material Five Times Lighter and Four Times Stronger Than Steel)

And if a system like an aircraft is shot down or captured by enemies. That computer can destroyed immediately by cutting the DNA with enzymes. Because the DNA is destroyed the computer code is impossible to restore. 

The DNA molecules can also be in DNA-based computers. Genetically manipulated bacteria with artificial DNA are the tools that can make many complicated things. Researchers plan to modify bacteria to create fibrines. Those fibrines can be used to close veins that transfer blood to tumors. And cyborg bacteria can also fill targeted cells with fibrines. And that thing makes them the ultimate tool for surgery. Those bacteria can search and destroy wanted cells from the human body. And they can close blood leaks. 

But DNA-based computers can also give a powerful "mind" for the nanomachines. The nanomachines have problems in that they should operate independently. And the robots that travel inside our body can do many complicated things if they use powerful computers. The DNA-based computing technology allows the microscopic powerful computers. 

The ability to make synthetic DNA for nanomachines allows to creation of intelligent structures. Those intelligent structures can inform about damages. But they also can be used as computers. So that kind of technology makes it possible for researchers can combine computers with other structures. And that gives the idea that the next-generation people can live in computers because their house is a computer.  

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-create-new-material-five-times-lighter-and-four-times-stronger-than-steel/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Photonic and hybrid neural computers are coming.

   Photonic and hybrid neural computers are coming. 

The photonic computers can transfer binary data to qubits. 

There are two types of photonic computers. The photonic binary computer. And quantum computer that uses quantum entanglement between photons to transport information. 

The binary photonic computer requires photonic versions of the well-known electric components. In that computer, the key elements are the light transistors. The light transistor is an optical system where laser rays replace transistor electric parts, stock, collector, and emitter.

The light transistor is the system where the data laser transfers information into the carrier wave. Or oppositely. The laser beam that transports information between stock and collector will get more power from the emitter laser. 

In photonic computers, lasers are used as diodes. The electric computer transforms information into photonic form simply transferring it into communication lasers. The researchers can adjust those lasers' power or brightness by shooting those laser rays into the small light cells that pump energy in the lasers' electric circuit. That thing adjusts the brightness of the laser ray. 

The laser resistors can be nano technical components. There could be small hatches in the graphene net. And then the laser just opens those hatches by pressing them. Or a laser can transfer energy into the frame. When energy transfer continues long enough, that causes a photo-electric reaction which opens the hatch and lets that laser ray travel through this system. The mirrors can act as routers in that system. 

Image 1) Ring topology or token ring. The data travels in this ring. And every computer processes the answer. The hybrid network where the star topology and ring topology are connected would be more effective in hard data operations

Image 2) Star topology. The point of a single computer can be some kind of subnetwork. The neural computer can use this topology along with the ring model topology. The data travels between computers or sub-networks in a ring. The central unit can calculate how many times that data flow traveled around that system. The printer point can be data storage or the input and output point for data. 

The system requires internal data storage because there is a possibility. That there are some kind of errors in the system. The star topology can also introduce how quantum computers operate. The central unit cuts data that the system must process, sending those data bites to those sub-systems. In that system, those sub-systems simultaneously work with that mission. These kinds of systems are most effective when they are operating with long mathematical inductions where those systems can find recursions or the points where the function gets its zero points between certain value series. 

The photonic computer can be the step to drive information into qubits. Normal quantum computers use superpositioned and entangled photons. Photons are neutral and electromagnetic fields do not affect them. That makes their control easier. The photon is a "hard particle". The electron could also be possible to use in that mission. 

But making quantum entanglement between electrons is not without problems because the electron is larger, and there is more space than a photon. And that makes the electron act like a softball. And that makes it hard to synchronize two electron's oscillations. 

When computers act united, they work very effectively. The reason why quantum computers are dangerous is that they can calculate long induction series like Riemann's conjecture more effectively than regular computers. 

The quantum computer is similar to the binary computer group. The difference is that information is packed in physical particles called qubits in quantum computers. And its base is in the particle's superposition. The reason, why a quantum computer requires superposition and quantum entanglement is it must drive information from point A to point B without changes in that information. 

The neural computer, or binary computer group can operate as a virtual quantum computers. The AI-based central processing unit can share parts of the calculations with those binary computers. And each of them is handling part of the mission. The simplest example where engineers can use that virtual quantum system is to calculate linear calculations like series. 

The difference between a quantum and a neural computer is that a quantum computer calculates calculations simultaneously. The neural computer makes one part of the mission but then it sends the result forward. We can use computers in star topology networks as an example of simple neural and quantum computers. In the neural version, data travels through the network. And each computer breeds or processes the result that the computer gets. That thing makes this system the ultimate tool for calculating induction series and finding recursion in them. 

If we use network star topology as an example of a quantum computer. The central unit cuts the formula into pieces. And then it sends those parts to other computers. Those computers operate simultaneously with their bite. And then send that data back to the central unit. That makes this system an ultimate tool when calculating long induction series. Those series are easy to cut into pieces. 

But hybrid systems are even more effective. The term neural-quantum computer means. That in the single computer's place is a subnetwork or another network of computers. In that system, the multiple subnetworks are operating with the same problem. The neural networks can consist of quantum computers or the quantum network can involve the neural rings. 

The difference is that the quantum computer can calculate multiple calculations simultaneously. And that ability makes the quantum computer a powerful tool for calculating long series like Riemann's conjecture. The AI-based system can cut the calculations by using known points in the number line that the formula has given. 

The operating system just cuts the number line between known results that researchers got using a certain mathematical formula like Riemann's conjecture. That allows the computers can calculate simultaneously that series between thousand values. That makes this type of computer group faster than regular monolithic computers. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_induction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems.

DNA-based computing is a promising tool for high-power data systems. 

DNA and biochemistry with molecular biology are emerging and promising tools for high-power computing. The DNA-based computers can use the biochemical core along with DNA. And then, that system can communicate with regular microelectronics. The system can run over 100 billion programs, and that makes the system an interesting multi-tasker.

The DNA molecules can act as the programs for next-generation AI-based microchip-kernel applications. Chemical DNA computing uses nanotechnical systems to make the DNA that acts as the perforated tape in that system. In those models, the DNA transfers information between processors. In that model, DNA replaces electric wires in components as data transporter. But it requires fast-operating nanotechnology. 

The most futuristic visions of DNA-based computers are computers that use fast-operating nanotechnology. In that model, the system creates the synthetic DNA molecules by using nanotechnology. And those DNA molecules act like perforated tape of the old-fashioned computers. However, the system can use the DNA as a tool that can run complex AI-based software. And maybe the AI-based kernel architecture uses the DNA molecules as programs. 

There are three types of electric DNA computers. Or, the number of DNA-based computers depends on how we determine the use of the DNA in those systems. 

1) The computers that use DNA molecules as the microprocessors. Those DNA bites can act as part of regular-looking microchips. 

1a) The DNA can act as an information handler itself. 

1b) The DNA can act as a program for the ROM circuits. 

2) The computers that use DNA as the components like springs that control switches. 

3) Living cells that are used to process information. 

3a) Dummy systems, or systems that use dummy cells. Those systems can be bacteria which fibers can act as connectors. Those bacteria can be microchip controlled. 

3b) The systems that use intelligent cells like living neurons as data handlers.

In DNA-based computing, DNA is the tool that replaced regular microchips. If each base pair is one state of the DNA-based microprocessor. Data travels from the first vertical strand through horizontal base pairs to another main strand. That thing gives the DNA the ability to run billions of programs at the same time. The system can work like this. The microchip or some optical system transports data from regular microchips to DNA. 

The system can use miniature lasers that shoot photons to silicon bites. Those silicone bites are at the point of every base pair. Their mission is to transfer photons into electric impulses. Then data travels through those base pairs into the DNA's other side. DNA-based computing is a new and promising tool. The DNA computer's multi-tasking ability can used in quantum computing. That means every base pair acts as one qubit's state. This thing makes those systems even more powerful than nobody expected. 

https://www.britannica.com/technology/DNA-computing

https://futurism.com/worlds-first-reprogrammable-dna-computer

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/dna-based-computer-can-run-100-billion-different-programs/ar-AA1gF86Y

https://www.wired.com/story/finally-a-dna-computer-that-can-actually-be-reprogrammed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_computing

Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing.

 Micro LEDs and neutrinos are new tools for next-generation optical computing. 

Optical computing is one of the most promising tools for creating new and powerful computers. Similar theories that researchers made for regular computers can be used in optical computers. The problem is how to transform photons into electric information. In some models, information travels between switches and photon transistors and gates in photon form. 

At the point where information travels to a switch or router a photovoltaic cell turns it into the electric form. And the other side the miniature LED turns it back into the photonic form. Or the router can replaced by using miniature mirrors. That increases the photonic volume in the data processing. 

"Researchers have highlighted the potential of on-chip nanophotonic systems as a solution to the challenges presented by traditional electrical networks. These systems utilize light for data transmission, offering increased bandwidth and speed". (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Well Nanowire Array Micro-LEDs: The Future of On-chip Optical Communication)

The optical computer is light and in the binary version when light is on, the value in the system is one. And when light is off the value is zero. The problem is how to blink light fast enough. 

The answer for that could be nano-LEDs or a system that looks like a camera shutter. When the shutter lets the light go to the photovoltaic cell the value is one. And when the shutter is shut, the value is zero. That allows to make the optical or half-optical computer by using regular lights.

If the system uses two routes for transmitting data is possible to make even faster computers. The system requires AI-based control, but in a binary system values one and zero have different routes. So route one gives value one. And route two gives a value of zero. Or opposite. The speed of shutters determines the speed of the computer. 

Making the optical computer by using two lights that send their light to photovoltaic cells is possible. Cell number one gives a value of zero. Cell number one gives value one. There should be fast-moving shutters like in cameras between those photovoltaic cells and the light source. 

The nano LEDs can be the tools that can also make the optical computers fast. The system can control those nano LEDs with very high accuracy. Computers can use Those LEDs in extremely small nano-lasers. Those nano-lasers could give very high-accurate light impulses to systems that turn the binary data into quantum mode. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena". (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

The neutrino is the almost perfect qubit. But the problem is: how to get neutrinos? 

The photon-neutrino interaction is the next-generation thing, that could use in quantum computers. Neutrino is a very weakly interacting particle, that interacts with photons. In some visions, the photons can be used to load information into neutrinos. 

The system uses single photons where information is loaded, and those photons will turn those neutrinos into qubits that can transport information over long distances. And then the neutrino detector will remove that data from neutrinos. The idea about neutrino qubits is based on the model that neutrino can have superposition like all other elementary particles.  

The problem with neutrinos is that they are hard to get. In some visions, the photons are used to stop the neutrino and then the information will load into it. Then some kind of EM radiation transfers that neutrino into the wanted direction. Then photon impacts or neutrino detectors can be used to download information from neutrino.

https://www.sciencealert.com/neutrinos-ghost-particles-can-interact-with-light-after-all

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-well-nanowire-array-micro-leds-the-future-of-on-chip-optical-communication/

Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves.

 Neutron stars and mountains generate gravitational waves. 

The mountains of the neutron stars are less than milli- or micrometer class. But the neutron star is one of the densest objects in the universe. 

That means even the smallest anomalies in their form have a bigger effect than around the smaller objects. The neutron star is a very homogenous object that consists of only neutrons or a neutron-quark structure where in the middle of it is some kind of quark liquid. 

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Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away?

Could the dark energy form when waves in elementary particles' quantum fields push the quantum field around them away? In that case, the quantum hills around the elementary particles interact like mountains on neutron stars.

There is a model that no particle in the universe is not perfectly slight. The stretch in the quantum field is a small energy wave. That means the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field is the thing that interacts with its environment like a neutron star's mountain interacts. 

The small anomaly whose height is probably less than a micrometer conducts gravitational waves away from the neutron star's structure. So the energy wave in the elementary particle's quantum field could be an effect that causes the dark energy. 

And there are stretches also in the shell of the elementary particles. Sometimes is introduced that when the elementary particles spin very fast, the stretches on it's quantum field push the outside quantum fields away. And that thing causes the effect called Dark Energy. 

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Artist's depiction of a highly magnetize neutron star known as a magnetar. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/S. Wiessinger (Phys.org/Researchers: If neutron stars have mountains, they should generate gravitational waves)

And then neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. 

Researchers say that neutron star's mountains can generate gravitational waves. There is a possibility that neutron stars can be mountains and mountain areas. Those things' height is less than a millimeter. But they are acting as antennas that make anomalies or points with different strengths in neutron star gravitational waves. 

The "mountain" on the neutron star conducts gravitational waves out from the neutron star's core. A fast-rotating neutron star turns that point in different directions. The neutron star's gravitational field is extremely dense. The thing that limits the height of the mountains is gravity. The neutron star is an extremely slight object, and even if one neutron is on the above others can cause visible interaction. 

Also, mountains on Earth can act as those neutron star's mountains. And that means Earth can send gravitational waves that are far weaker than neutron star's gravitational waves.  

Sometimes people ask why neutron stars are not deacy. Or why neutrons in neutron stars do not decay. The reason for that is energy that comes from outside the neutron star. A neutron star pulls material like plasma into it. And those ions and anions will travel to it's poles. 

The neutron star itself is in a bubble. That sends radiation into it. The loss of energy is the thing that causes the neutron's death. When neutrons are in space they send photons. Whenever a neutron sends a photon, it loses its energy. And when enough energy is gone, the quantum field around the neutron cannot keep it in its form. And that causes decay. There are lots of neutrons in neutron stars, so if one of them decays that has no effect in a short period. 

The thing is that strong gravity with weak nuclear interaction are things, that keep neutron stars in their form. The gravitational waves can form in mountains of those things. Or the strings between those neutrons are pushing quantum fields around that strange structure. And there is the possibility that that interaction forms gravitational waves. 

Another thing is the fast rotation speed. The neutron star will dilate time because of outcoming energy, and a strong gravitational field. And also fast rotation speed slows time at a neutron star's shell. The outcoming energy causes a situation where the neutrons get new energy. And that denies their decay. 

https://phys.org/news/2023-09-neutron-stars-mountains-generate-gravitational.html

How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation?

 How big a role where does dark matter play in gravitation? 

There is the possibility that dark matter is the thing that pulls gravitational waves out from gravitational centers. If dark matter is 2D material where particles are "flat". That means energy travels into that material. There is a halo of dark matter around every gravitational center, and if we think that gravitational waves travel out from the gravitational centers that could mean that the dark matter halo pulls those gravitational waves in an opposite direction than other radiation.

If we think that our dimension is like water gravitational waves would remove surface tension. And that makes the other quantum fields travel into that gravitational center. So gravitation is wave movement that pushes the bottom away from the dimension. And then other quantum fields with longer wavelengths try to fill that hole. That thing causes a situation. Where those other quantum fields drive particles into the black holes. That thing could be a simple version of the gravitational interaction where outside quantum fields carry objects into the direction of the gravitational center.  

Artist illustration of a dark matter halo. (Image credit: Artistic rendering by Christopher Dessert, Nicholas L. Rodd, Benjamin R. Safdi, Zosia Rostomian (Berkeley Lab), based on data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope.) (Space.com/Astronomers weigh ancient galaxies' dark matter haloes for 1st time)

In this model, the cold dark matter has a lower energy level than visible matter. That means energy travels from the visible material into the cold dark matter. If we could trap cold dark matter that thing could form the ultimate Stirling engine. In that model, researchers will put the dark matter into the lower energy side of the engine. Then energy flow travels from the material to that dark matter. And it would make the ultimate Stirling engines where energy travels from material into cold dark matter. 

Researchers calculated the weight of the dark matter halo in distant galaxies. That thing means that the visible dark matter interactions are pathfinders for modeling and understanding the form of gravitation.  It's impossible to model dark matter without that information. Dark matter is very hard to measure. And that's why it's so mysterious. There is no single confirmed impact with particles and dark matter. But if that kind of information is confirmed it would change the physics. 

https://www.space.com/dark-matter-haloes-ancient-galaxy-1st-weight-measurements

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html

The black holes can be closer than we expected. But how close they can be?

   The black holes can be closer than we expected. But how close they can be?

Researchers found the closest black hole-candidates in the Hyades star cluster. "The Hyades Star Cluster is the closest cluster of stars to the Sun. The Hyades open cluster is bright enough to have been remarked on even thousands of years ago, yet is not as bright or compact as the nearby Pleiades (M45) star cluster. Pictured here is a particularly deep image of the Hyades which brings out vivid star colors and faint coincidental nebulas. Credit & Copyright: Jose Mtanous" (ScitechDaily.com/Hyades Star Cluster Revelations: Earth’s Nearest Black Holes Uncovered) 

Distance to black holes is hard to measure. The massive gravity in the black holes stretches light, causing enormous redshift. That's why the black holes can easily seen being at longer distances than they are. There is a theory that black hole is lurking even inside our solar system. The idea is that the mysterious "Planet X" that causes anomalies in Neptune's trajectory is about a grapefruit-size black hole. But the question is, how that black hole can be stable? 

Why would it not vaporize? The thing that causes questions about that black hole is the mysterious X-ray flares in Uranus' atmosphere. The source of those X-ray flares is high-energy particles. And one of the possible sources for those high-energy particles is a black hole in our solar system. 

Above: Artist's impression of Triton's cryovolcano. 

Cryovolcanoes or nitrogen smokers on Triton. 

Another thing that causes questions is the mysterious black nitrogen smokers on Triton Moon. There is some kind of ray-shaped energy impact that forms those icy geysers on that icy moon. Could the thing that causes those black geysers be the Einstein-Rose bridge or wormhole that travels through Triton? Conditions on that icy moon should be extremely stable. And the temperature along with gas pressure are very low. So forming the icy geyser requires some kind of energy impact. 

And if that energy impact would be some kind of gravitational effect from Neptune that causes a much larger volcanic phenomenon. The third thing that causes questions is the fresh ice at Pluto's south pole (down in the image). That fresh ice seems like some kind of eruption from under the icy shell of that dwarf planet. What causes that quite large water eruption on that dwarf planet? 

Dwarf planet Pluto in New Horizon's image. You can see white fresh ice at its south pole. The interesting thing is this. The white material seems to travel in two directions. And it is, of course, possible that Charon's moon's gravity causes that thing. But is its gravity strong enough that it causes that effect? And what is another particle flow's, or another effect's source that causes the other route for that Y-shaped ice structure? 

Is there some kind of common mass center between the Sun and Proxima Centauri?

 

The thing that causes questions about the common mass center between Alpha Centauri and the Sun is Proxima Centauri. Or Alpha Centauri C: which is another name for Proxima. That orbital period is very long, and that could explain why Proxima is so long the closest star to the Sun.  The Proxima system travels around Alpha Centauri in  547000(+6600−4000) years. 

That red dwarf is the third participant in the Alpha Centauri binary star system.  Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri A and B. And that means it should sometimes turn in the opposite direction from the sun to another side of Alpha Centauri. 

So how long does that star remain as the closest star to our sun? If there is some kind of common mass center between Alpha Centauri and the Sun, that thing causes the situation that Proxima Centauri is always the closest star to our solar system. The only invisible mass center is a black hole. 

https://edition.cnn.com/2021/04/01/world/uranus-xrays-detected-scli-scn-intl/index.html

https://www.go-astronomy.com/planets/neptune-moon-triton.htm

https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/detecting-x-rays-from-uranus

https://phys.org/news/2019-09-planet-primodial-black-hole.html

https://scitechdaily.com/hyades-star-cluster-revelations-earths-nearest-black-holes-uncovered/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryovolcano

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri

Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles.

 Photon-neutrino interactions open new views to those mysterious particles. 

In some visions, the neutrino is very close to hypothetical WIMP (Weakly interacting massive particle) which are dark matter particles. There could be two ways how WIMP can be massive. One is that a single WIMP can have a higher energy level than visible material. And the second is that there are lots of WIMPs that are massive in entirety. 

So the WIMP makes interaction between visible material as a group. In some models, there are two types of WIMPs. The high-energy WIMPs form the hot dark matter. And low-energy WIMPs could be particles of the cold dark matter. And in visible material. The energy level is between those hot and cold WIMPs or hot and cold dark matter. 

Normally, think that the universe has three main parts. Those parts are dark energy, dark matter, and visible material. In some models, there is hot and cold dark matter. And visible material is between those dark matter types. The thing, that determines material visibility is the direction of energy flow. If energy travels from higher energy material into lower energy material. 

And there is no echo from that material. The interaction is one-way. That means there is no energy flow back to higher energy particles, and that makes lower energy particles invisible. In that model, energy flows from visible matter into cold dark matter. And that makes cold dark matter invisible to us. 

There is the possibility that there is also the fourth type of material, which we can call grey material. That grey material is something between dark and visible material. 

"New research has discovered new interactions between neutrinos and photons, potentially shedding light on mysteries in particle physics and solar phenomena." (ScitechDaily.com/Neutrino-Photon Interactions: Unlocking the Mysteries of Particle Physics)

We can think that "dark matter" is so-called hot dark matter. Which energy level is higher than the visible material's energy level? 

When hot dark matter loses its energy it turns into visible material, and when visible material loses its energy. It turns into cold dark matter. In that model, dark energy is the last view of material before it falls into 2D form.

In that model, the neutrino could represent very old material that lost its energy. Because neutrino's energy level is very low it's hard to detect. And it loses its energy into the cold dark matter. This model is conducted from the model of the universe's ultimate fate. The fate of material is turned into wave movement. And maybe neutrino is the particle that is transforming from the visible material into dark matter. 

Neutrinos are one of the most interesting. And at the same time very mysterious particles. Those particles have mass, but they do not have strong interactions. That makes neutrinos able to travel through planets. And kilometers-thick lead doesn't stop those particles. There is a possibility that neutrinos can travel through neutron stars, and if that thing is true, they can help us to understand the dense objects in the universe.

But in that case, researchers must confirm that those neutrinos traveled through the neutron stars. The photon-neutrino impacts open new views to those mysterious particles. If we think about the shape of the neutrino, they could be very interesting tools in quantum technology. Neutrinos could transport information over long distances. 

So quantum computers could use neutrinos in long-distance quantum communication. The problem is that those neutrinos are hard to capture and manipulate. And that thing makes it hard to benefit them. But if researchers could someday capture neutrinos in photon traps, they can have the tool that can used in high-class quantum systems that can observe interactions inside atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/neutrino-photon-interactions-unlocking-the-mysteries-of-particle-physics/

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/p/the-cosmic-structure-growth-is.html

The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

 The cosmic structure growth is suppressed, and nobody knows why.

The question is about the effects of dark matter and dark energy. There is a theory that there are two dark matter types. Hot dark matter is a material. Whose energy level is higher than visible material. Cold dark matter is material whose energy level is lower than visible material. 

Which way does energy travel? In this image, we can think that hot dark matter is the thing that is marked "dark matter". When that hypothetical material's energy level decreases. It turns into visible materials or atoms. Finally, it turns into cold dark matter and when those particles collapse into a 2D form they will make a short-term pothole that fills, and when quantum fields impact that pothole. They send energy impulses, that we see as dark energy. 

So energy travels from hot dark matter through visible matter into cold dark matter. The cold dark matter would be material that has a 2-dimensional structure. And that makes the cold dark matter act like an energy vampire. Energy travels from visible material into cold dark matter.

Maybe cold dark matter is the basic energy level in space. Where our universe exists. That cold dark matter would be invisible because energy travels into that material. The reason, why there are no signs of that cold dark matter is that there are lots more cold dark matter than visible matter. 

But when energy impacts dark matter particles they send that energy into other dark matter particles. And that energy moves the dark matter could. That could be the dark energy. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia, Shape of the universe)

Geometric shape of the universe. 

The reason why we cannot see hot dark matter either is when that material sends the radiation that we can detect it has turned into Higgs boson and then through the chains into stable electrons. And after that when that electron (or any other elementary particle) loses its mass, it turns into cold dark matter. 

Cosmic microwave background

The place of the cold and hot dark matter can be successively after visible material. And in that model, visible material is at the top energy level. In that model energy also travels into the dark matter and because there are lots of more dark matter particles than visible matter, that means the energy that travels into the dark matter. And then, it starts to travel between those dark matter particles. 

Cosmic gamma-ray background 

When we are looking at cosmic micro, gamma, and X-ray backgrounds, we can conclude that gravitational background forms similar structures as some of the cosmic backgrounds. That means gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is not homogenous. That causes the induction conclusion that the universe cannot be purely spherical, hyperbolic, or even flat. 

Cosmic X-ray background. 

The universe's shape would be like a rag, where one corner turned up. In that model, the universe's shape is a combination of those geometrical shapes.  The question about the universe's shape is interesting because it should be a combination of all of those geometrical possibilities. 

Most researchers believe that the universe is flat. But there is a model. where the material that forms our universe is like a ball above that flat universe. If that model is real, energy travels from that ball into that universe or energy level below it. 

In that model, the universe or the 3D material is like a ball, that hovers above the material the energy level is under detectable level. And that material is mainly the cold dark matter. If the cold dark matter's energy level is lower than the visible material's minimum energy level. That means energy travels from visible 3D material to that 2D material, and our universe is like a ball, that hovers in space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/universe-defies-einsteins-predictions-cosmic-structure-growth-mysteriously-suppressed/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Cosmic background images Space com, ESA and NASA

AI-based chatbots might have a larger scale and faster influence on the world than nobody expected.

  AI-based chatbots might have a larger scale and faster influence on the world than nobody expected. 

Chat GPT and its competitors have already changed the programming industry. Even their freeware versions can create many things faster than human programmers. Even if the AI-based chatbot cannot dump data straight into a file, it can show the example code. Then the human user can copy-paste that code to the programming editor. Of course, there is some kind of changes like database names and file paths, that the programmer must change. 

But also freeware versions of those AI chatbots can boost the effectiveness of the programming. When people ask which of those chatbots is the best, I must say: decide yourself. Even social media applications have some kind of AI-based chatbot extensions. The AI can create complicated programs very quickly by using public databases. But machine learning makes those systems even more powerful. 

The code above is created by Bing (free version) using the command: "Show me a database connection in C++". The complete code is below this text. And you can see how small changes there must be made. The C++ examples include the same code, but Bing finds it faster than human users. That makes it an effective tool that can improve the effectiveness of programming. 

A learning machine is like a worker who keeps the tools that the person often requires closer than tools that are not needed so often. 

In programming machine learning means that the system will store the modules and code that it needs in the shortcut. The shortcut can be the storage on a hard disk. Or it can be a database with a list of home pages that the system requires very often. There is storage about the user interface models, database connections, and SQL databases that the system normally uses. And that makes it faster. 

When a self-operating AI chatbot makes a program it can change the names of databases and their connections in each program. But the fact is that database connections are always similar. if they are written with the same programming languages. The only thing that makes a difference with those things in different programs is the names of databases. 

If the system keeps a book about codes and libraries, that it used in a certain type of software it could be faster and more effective. The AI-based chatbot works in the cloud. That means the users are using the same software that runs in the same entirety. That means the AI can download libraries and the code that it uses in some software into a "standby" position. 

If the AI must not use the public Internet in all its missions it would be faster and more accurate than any human can be. When we talk about "limited AI! we might mean the programming tool that can create the program by using locally downloaded libraries. In that case, the system uses the internet only for asking code models. Then that system can connect those models with the libraries that it needs. The thing that prevents the AI from making the software is that it doesn't have the required programming libraries.  

The cumulation of information makes the AI more versatile. Sometimes people ask: Can AI-based- chatbots reach awareness? There is the possibility that an AI-based chatbot can hire it's awareness from the users. But the thing that the AI-based chatbot can do is it can create new software at a fast speed. And that thing means the AI-based chatbots are the next-generation programming tools. 

https://techxplore.com/news/2023-09-chatbot-self-awareness.html

*********************************************************************

// Standard C++ includes

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

// Include the Connector/C++ headers

#include "cppconn/driver.h"

#include "cppconn/exception.h"

#include "cppconn/resultset.h"

#include "cppconn/statement.h"

// Link to the Connector/C++ library

#pragma comment (lib, "mysqlcppconn.lib")

// Specify our connection target and credentials

const std::string server = "localhost";

const std::string username = "root";

const std::string password = "";

int main()

{

    sql::Driver *driver; // Create a pointer to a MySQL driver object

    sql::Connection *dbConn; // Create a pointer to a database connection object

    sql::Statement *stmt; // Create a pointer to a Statement object to hold our SQL commands

    sql::ResultSet *res; // Create a pointer to a ResultSet object to hold the results of any queries we run

    try

    {

        driver = get_driver_instance(); // Get a driver to use to connect to our DBMS

        dbConn = driver->connect(server, username, password); // Connect to the MySQL server

        dbConn->setSchema("test"); // Select the database "test"

        stmt = dbConn->createStatement(); // Create a statement object

        res = stmt->executeQuery("SELECT 'Hello World!' AS _message"); // Execute a simple query

        while (res->next()) // Loop through the result set

        {

            std::cout << res->getString("_message") << std::endl; // Print the result

        }

        delete res; // Delete the result set object

        delete stmt; // Delete the statement object

        delete dbConn; // Delete the connection object

    }

    catch (sql::SQLException &e) // Catch any SQL errors

    {

        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl; // Print the error message

    }

    return 0;

}

Researchers can use magnetic monopoles as fundamental ion technology and ultimate stealth solutions.

 

Researchers can use magnetic monopoles as fundamental ion technology and ultimate stealth solutions. 

Magnetic monopoles could offer the fuel for futuristic ion engines. 

Magnetic monopoles are very short-living. When a magnetic field that pushes electrons or protons together will be turned off the magnetic forces separate those protons or electrons. The idea to use magnetic monopoles as the tool for giving thrust for the ion engines comes from that thing. The idea is that the system packs a magnetic monopole like a proton ball. 

And then the system drives that monopole in the rocket's reaction chamber. Then the electromagnetic repel pushes those particles out of the form, and those protons or electrons give thrust to the rocket. In that case, the explosion of a nuclear pellet or fusion material is replaced by using a magnetic monopole. The power of those systems might not be as high as a fusion engine, but those magnetic monopoles that split into pieces will give thrust to spacecraft or aircraft. 

In some visions, the ball-shaped lighter-than-air vehicle will use the magnetic monopolar shell to transfer ions behind it. The idea is that the system sprays ions to the front of the craft. And then those ions impact with other ions that come from the back. That thing causes the plasma pulse that can push the craft forward. 

It's possible that in graphene net are protons or electrons. The electron layer could be anchored over that proton layer. And then those electrons form the magnetic monopole around that craft. 

There is a possibility that some so-called UFOs are ball-shaped aerial vehicles that use plasma or pulsed plasma engines. The system would be the mylar-ball-airship, where is the whisk-looking structure inside it. The whisk-looking structure is the thing that transfers ions in the wanted direction. That happens by conducting electricity into the wanted wheel of that whisk. The system works like a giant Earth when it creates the plasma pulse. The plasma travels through the N and S-poles and then those anion and ion flows will impact behind that ball forming the thrust. 

The plasma pulses can also make aircraft invisible to radars. Also, plasma pulses can be used as plasmoid weapons. In those systems, the ion or anion cloud will shoot ahead incoming target. 

The high-energy particles cause problems with satellites. And that makes plasmoid or plasma-ion weapons dangerous. If an attacker loads an object, like a satellite using N-pole electricity. That makes it pull electrons or high-energy killer electrons into its shell. 

Those killer electrons are quite the usual thing in Van Allen belts. When electrons travel around the Earth they will get energy from the Sun and cosmic radiation as well as from plasma that Earth is trapped in those Van Allen plasma belts. 

"A new study reveals the escalating threat of “killer electrons” during geomagnetic storms, urging for fortified satellite infrastructure to mitigate potential space weather damages. This research serves as a benchmark for preparing and safeguarding the expanding space sector, which significantly influences a myriad of industries and global communications." (ScitechDaily.com/Space’s Silent Threat: Scientists Shed New Light on “Killer Electrons”)

Iron, stealth, and magnetic monopoles are an interesting combination. 

Then, that target will loaded with a magnetic field with opposite polarity. If the target travels through particle clouds with N-polarity, and the target itself has S-polarity. That causes a situation where those N-polarity particles are impacting the craft. That particle flow can destroy the target if the impacting particles have a very high energy level. And that thing makes so-called killer electrons devastating. 

ELF radiowaves are pushing those high-energy electrons away from the satellite. But the same thing pulls killer protons, or extremely high energy protons to the satellite. The negative electromagnetic fields can pull anti-electrons or positrons against targets. And that makes protection against those high-energy particles very hard. 

There is the possibility to turn things like iron atoms in one direction by using extremely powerful magnetic fields. That thing means that if in the middle of an aircraft or spacecraft is a high-power magnet that thing can turn N- or S-poles in the same direction. And that thing makes it possible to cover the entire layer with only N- (or S) poles. That thing forms the magnetic monopole layer that aims ions and radio waves in one direction. And that kind of monopolar layer makes the new types of stealth possible.

Even if the magnets cannot turn atoms in iron crystals in one direction, their 2D graphene can make this thing possible. In that model, the system will put iron atoms into the holes in 2D graphene. And then magnets will turn that thing in one direction. That allows the system to create a layer, where there is only an S- or N pole. The monopolar magnetic layer can make ultimate stealth possible. 

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/2023/09/researchers-at-aalto-university-created.html

https://scitechdaily.com/spaces-silent-threat-scientists-shed-new-light-on-killer-electrons/

Researchers at Aalto-University created Alice's ring for the first time.

  Researchers at Aalto-University created Alice's ring for the first time. 

Researchers used quantum gas which temperature turned into an extremely low level. And then they pressed those very cold atoms, which temperature is at least near zero kelvin degrees into one point by using magnetic fields. That is called Bose-Einstein condensate. And in that condition, the gas atoms are starting to act like one big atom. In that case, the electrons transfer into the outer shell of that entirety. 

Or otherwise said, electrons start to orbit those atoms as if they are one atom. And that thing helps to form a magnetic monopole. In a magnetic monopole is only a plus or minus pole. When researchers remove an outcoming magnetic field, magnetic repelling pushes those particles out of the form. 

"Artistic illustration of an Alice ring, which researchers have just observed for the first time in nature. Credit: Heikka Valja/Aalto University"(ScitechDaily.com/Down the Quantum Rabbit Hole: “Alice Ring” Discovery Offers Glimpse Into Other-Worldly Realm)

Also, an extremely strong gravity field can keep a magnetic monopole in its form. And that causes a question Are the hypothetical quark stars or black holes magnetic monopoles? 

Monopolar objects require a strong electromagnetic field that pushes them inside and keeps the particles in form. Another thing that can create stable magnetic monopoles is gravity. If the gravity field is strong enough, that thing makes it possible to form a stable magnetic monopole. And that causes an idea about black holes. Are they magnetic monopoles? 

Magnetic monopoles can created by using protons, and electrons. The magnetic fields push those particles into the shape of a ball. Also is possible that neutrons whose poles (like N-pole) are turned radially from the center of the ball to the ball's shell can form magnetic monopoles. In that model, the N-poles or S-poles are making structures that look like thorns. And the neutron ball is covered with N- or S-poles. 

If there is only as an example S-poles that make the neutron ball monopolar. In normal situations, the neutron ball where neutrons are on the same side from in to out the electromagnetic repel force will destroy the structure. But if there are lots of neutrons gravity wins the electromagnetic forces. That thing causes a question: Is a black hole some kind of monopolar object? 

The Alice ring means that a magnetic monopole turns a whirl-like quantum structure. That thing is one of the most interesting things in magnetic monopole research. Alice ring is one thing that can be used to model virtual particles and the Swinger effect. The Alice ring introduces how particles are turning into wave movement. And mirror reaction is, of course, when wave movement turns into particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/down-the-quantum-rabbit-hole-alice-ring-discovery-offers-glimpse-into-other-worldly-realm/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark_star

Quantum computers and nanorobots are coming. And we don't even know all their abilities.

  Quantum computers and nanorobots are coming. And we don't even know all their abilities. 

In the future, we can see nanorobots everywhere. Researchers created artificial bacteria that can create electricity from wastewater. And those bacteria can give electricity to the small nanomachines that clean the water and observe, what type of waste is in that wastewater. Those small machines can look like rice there is a tunnel through them. And the system can pump water through that tunnel where there is an active carbon filter and maybe a UV system that destroys bacteria. 

Those bacteria also can deliver energy into nanotechnical microprocessors. And in some visions, the supercomputer of the future can be a group of nanotanks that flow in wastewater. And the users communicate with those systems by using WLAN. 

The users can use things like quantum computers over the net by using their cell phones. And that thing makes it possible to share the quantum and supercomputer capacity through the internet. That means the large machine can share its power with small machines. 

The shape of the morphing network is not sharp. And that means networked computers, but networked cell phones can also form morphing neural networks. And the morphing neural network can consist of cell phones, computers, and drones that are connected under one entirety.

The nano- and mini-machine swarms are a good example of morphing and scalable networks. If those swarms require new abilities only one member of that swarm must be reprogrammed. And then that member scales that information through the entire swarm. That kind of technology requires new tools. Those tools must be secured and fast-reacting. They require self-development ability. 

Quantum computers are tools that can make the future more complicated than we expected. They are game changers and work as physical layers for highly advanced AI-based systems. Machine learning is the tool used in fusion experiments. However, machine learning gives new abilities to control quantum systems and molecules for nanotechnical applications. 

Researchers are working hard with nanotechnology, biotechnology, morphing neural networks, AI, and quantum computing. Those systems will change the world more than nobody expected. The complex AI requires powerful computers to run those systems. Things like nanorobot swarms require ultra-secure data transmissions. If there are some kind of problems with communication, the nanomachine swarms can do something that they should not do. 

Quantum computers allow systems to create new and complex molecules because they can drive complicated simulations. The system must simulate how atoms and molecules touch each other. And then it must turn that simulation into rea, or physical world.  

ENIAC

While a CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) system creates something extremely complicated, like very long molecules that are required in medicines. It must react very fast to non-predicted effects. And that thing requires extremely fast computing. When lasers and microwaves are manipulating sub-atomic scale systems they must send energy impulses with very high accuracy. 

When people are talking about quantum computers they must realize that those systems are weapons themselves. That means quantum computers can break any code that is made by using binary computers. And we know why some nations are interested in that technology. 

We can use the history of binary computers as a model when we try to predict the future of quantum computers. Maybe pocket-size quantum computers will not come next year to the supermarkets. But we must realize that maybe that day is coming sooner than we think. We can compare the quantum computers to ENIAC, the first electronic, and programmable computer from the year 1945. 

Those quantum computers are also the first of their kind. They are powerful systems. And when we are looking at the image of the supercomputer from the 1980s who believes that someday we carry a system with many times higher calculation capacity in our pockets. Same way size of the quantum computers will turn smaller. When the number of those systems is rising the price will decrease. And that's why we must prepare for that thing. 

https://scitechdaily.com/generating-electricity-from-wastewater-bioengineered-bacteria-produce-power/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENIAC

Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere.

   Webb found carbon dioxide and methane in the exoplanet's atmosphere. 

Exoplanet K2-18b is an ocean planet, an 8,6 times Earth's mass world, that is covered by ocean. The planet's size is something between Earth And Neptune. The planet is one of them that orbits a red dwarf in its habitable zone. And that thing makes those findings interesting. 

The water world might not host intelligent lifeforms. But there is a possibility that in that giant ocean swims some kind of organisms. The existence of those organisms like cells and amoebas, and probably fish-like creatures, is not sure. 

Confirming those things requires more observations. But methane and carbon dioxide are promising things that could show the existence of some underwater organisms. But the distance to K2-18b is 120 light years. 

And that means we cannot confirm the existence of those hypothetical primitive creatures. And at that point, I must say that at least on Earth even the tiniest organisms traveled through as long evolution as humans. And that thing causes interesting visions. Confirming the existence of the fish-shaped, non-intelligent aliens is far more difficult than confirming the intelligent and technically advanced race's existence. 

The reason for that is the intelligent, technically advanced civilization leaves technical signatures like pollution and night lights. The problem is that if the aliens are at the level of cavemen they would not leave strong technical signatures. 

The water layer protects those lifeforms against the red dwarf's flares. And that means the K2-18b is a good candidate for hosting primitive lifeforms. In some visions, the future astronauts could live under the ice in stations that hover in oceans of Jupiter and Saturn's icy moon. In that case, the water layer covers astronauts against cosmic radiation. 

There is the possibility that primitive lifeforms that could look like crustaceans or fishes could be quite common in the universe. The thing is that those lifeforms are interesting, and if somebody could confirm to find a planet that hosts extraterrestrial lifeforms that would be a scientific sensation. But those primitive lifeforms are not a thing that affects us. The thing that researchers want and are afraid to find is an intelligent, technically advanced culture. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/water-on-exoplanet-k2-18b-webb-finds-possible-molecular-clues

https://scitechdaily.com/beyond-earth-webb-space-telescope-detects-key-molecules-on-exoplanet-k2-18-b/

The morphing neural networks are coming.

 The morphing neural networks are coming. 

A morphing neural network is a network that can remove or connect parts to it. One version of the morphing network is the network of workstations. And when the system requires some software users can install that software into one workstation. And then that workstation scales that program over entire networks. Morphing neural networks can be drone swarms, they can be networks of computers. Or those  neural networks can be groups of living neurons.

Those neural networks are interesting because they can connected with surveillance tools like sensors. Then those systems can collect data from large areas and analyze and interconnect data. That system is collected from different types of sensors. And that makes those morphing neural networks interesting. 

When we think about nanotechnology and living neurons we can make a system that can scale new skills to the brain faster than ever before. In that system, the lab-grown neurons will equipped with extremely small microchips where computers can keep contact. The laboratory crew can inject those neurons into the receiver's brain tissue. 

Then that system will transmit the required information to the brain. By using those microchipped neurons. When the transmitter sends impulses to nanotechnical microchips the neuron sends that information through the brain. And that allows to transfer of new skills to the brain. In non-organic networks computers and other kinds of computing tools replace those living neurons. 

This image shows an artistic impression of the hafnia atomic structure. Credit: Reproduced with permission from Springer Nature. (ScitechDaily.com/Wonderfully Weird: How Hafnia Is Paving the Way for Neuromorphic Computing)

In regular computers, the morphing architecture makes the system more resistant to damage. If there is one part in that system that not working right, the morphing network can remove that actor. Then the system can take a new workstation to replace that workstation. The learning system makes it possible for the system to stay updated autonomously. 

When research teams work with AI-controlled morphing neural networks, they create the systems with ultimate error-handling capacity. The AI-based control systems can observe that the entirety works as it should. The AI-based control systems can make the system more advanced and more intelligent than nobody expected. The term intelligence means the ability to answer questions and respond to problems. That the system faces. 

In things like fusion tests the morphing AI can follow things like how clean fusion material the system uses. Then it needs other values like temperature and power of magnetic fields. And then that system can adjust those values. When the AI finds a way to extend the time of fusion the system can store those variables in its memories. Then it can find the best possible mixture for making a fusion reaction that lasts as long as possible. 

The morphing neural networks can collect data from all fusion laboratories on Earth. Then the system can compare the results of those tests. The idea is the same as when telescopes collect data about things like supernovas. In real life, those telescopes search the sky to find supernovas. That system searches the supernovas from multiple stars at the same time. 

And because data collection is wide-ranging this kind of search makes sure. Those sensors see supernovas. If those sensors follow one star, that star can detonate after billions of years. But if sensors follow multiple stars like star clusters there is a much bigger possibility to see supernova in one night. The morphing neural network can collect data that different types of telescopes send. Same way morphing neural networks can collect information from fusion test sites and compare that information with other sources. 

https://scitechdaily.com/wonderfully-weird-how-hafnia-is-paving-the-way-for-neuromorphic-computing/

The new observation makes it possible. That system can create Schrödinger's cat state in optical pulses.

 The new observation makes it possible. That system can create Schrödinger's cat state in optical pulses. 

The ability to make Schrödinger's cat state to optical pulses is one of the most incredible observations in the world. That thing can revolutionize communication and computing. In experiments, the researchers from Warzaw University used the Fourier transform to create a new type of optical pulse. Wikipedia describes the Fourier transform like this "In physics and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is a transform that converts a function into a form that describes the frequencies present in the original function". (Wikipedia, Fourier transform). 

That transform means that it's possible to calculate the form of original information after it travels through the environment which variables the system knows. The idea is this: if the transmitter sends information as wave movement. And that wave movement is turned flat or its frequency is changed. The Fourier transform makes it possible to calculate the original form of that wave. 

That requires knowledge about the wave movement's original energy level and complete information on how the transformer transformed those waves. That allows to creation of a new state of optics. And the AI can calculate how lenses change the light waves. 

In information theories, Schrödinger's cat, which is same time dead and alive means the information transporter. (Wikipedia, Schrödinger's cat) When a cat is dead, it doesn't carry information. When a cat is alive it carries the information. 

"Researchers have developed a groundbreaking method to perform the fractional Fourier Transform of optical pulses using quantum memory. This unique achievement involved implementing the transformation on a “Schrödinger’s cat” state, having potential applications in telecommunications and spectroscopy." (ScitechDaily.com/Groundbreaking Quantum Leap: Physicists Turn Schrödinger’s Cat on Its Head)

If a cat carries hidden information, it can be at the same time dead or alive. 

If there is a USB stick hidden in the collar the person who hides that USB stick knows that the cat carries information. But other persons or outsiders don't know that cat carries information. So dead cat means that something is meaningless. And a living cat means that the thing means something to somebody. 

Schrödinger's cat means that the same thing can mean something to somebody. And for some other people, the same thing means nothing. In communication, the radio wave can carry purpose signals. That makes them interesting. Or those signals do not carry interesting data. And that makes them dead. 

The Scrödinger's cat is the thing that is dead and alive at the same time. We can describe Schrödinger's cat in information as the transmission that means something to somebody, but what doesn't mean anything to somebody else. So in information technology, Schrödinger's cat state means, that the eavesdropper will not recognize messages when they travel in the data channel. 

And if the transmitter system sends information through the high-voltage wire, that wire is a dead cat. The outsiders will not recognize data that travels in that cable. But the system that communicates by using high-voltage wire knows that there is information. 

https://scitechdaily.com/groundbreaking-quantum-leap-physicists-turn-schrodingers-cat-on-its-head/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat

Black holes paradox. Can gravity waves escape from them?

    Black holes paradox. Can gravity waves escape from them? 

Black hole paradox gravitational waves cannot escape from the black hole. But black holes send gravitational waves. And if those gravitational waves are not coming from the black hole, what is their source? Is there some other "yet unknown" radiation with different wavelengths that we cannot see? 

The black hole paradox is interesting. Gravity should not escape from a black hole's massive gravity field. But if that thing is true, the black hole should not be able to pull anything inside it, because gravitational interaction happens through gravity waves. So if gravity waves do not interact with particles they could not pull material into the gravitational field. 

The gravitational waves are traveling gravitational fields, and that means they can interact with gravity fields. Same way electromagnetic waves have their origin in electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields can manipulate electromagnetic field's shape and strength. Same way gravity wave has the same wavelength as a gravity field. And that affects its strength and shape. 

Does gravity exist in the fourth dimension? 

The fact is that natural forces are the same in all dimensions. In theories, the dimension is energy level. Jumping into the fourth dimension could happen by increasing the object's energy level. When the energy level rises the object loses its ability to interact with other 3D particles. So when that particle cannot exchange information with other particles, it leaves left 3D world and jumps into the fourth dimension. 

At that moment particle will lost. The fourth dimension is like our universe. And all natural forces are the same as in our universe. The fourth dimension is at a higher energy level than our three-dimensional universe. That causes the theory that there are lots of extra dimensions above our universe. Because extra dimensions above our third dimension are at higher energy levels. That means those extra dimensions are smaller than our third dimension.  

The theory about extra dimensions tells us that extra dimensions are like our third dimension. But its energy level is much higher than our universe. The thing about extra dimensions is that they are smaller than our universe. And in some theories, there are other civilizations behind the event horizons. But we cannot prove anything.

The vaporization of the black holes, tells that there is energy that travels out from black holes. Fourth dimensions exist in our Universe in the form of black holes. We cannot imagine what those universes look like because we cannot see four-dimensional material and wave movement out from it. But if there is some other wave movement than gravitational waves that can escape from black holes, that wave movement is invisible to us.  

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/gravity-extra-dimensions/