Researchers are unveiling the mystery of the time arrow.

Time is an interesting thing. It's the thing that dominates our life. When we want to describe time, we can see describe it as the thing that is between two points, that are in two different moments. Time can also describe as that thing that started in the Big Bang. 

Time is the change of the universe. And when the universe reaches stable form, time ends. So time is the change in atoms and subatomic particles. It started during the Big Bang, And the cooling universe is one of the things, that we can use as a description of time. When all energy is gone time ends. 

Cosmic inflation is the thing that causes the particles of material are turning to wave motion. And when the last electron and quark are turned to wave motion, the universe reaches its stable form, and that is the end of time. That requires that the universe is open and dark energy pushes it larger and larger. And in the open universe, the expansion continues forever. 

We know that the energy level of the particle is directly proportional to its existence as the particle. If the energy level of the particle is high the change of the particle to wave motion takes a longer time. Otherwise saying the aging of particles slows. And that thing is called time dilation. 

Time dilation is similar between high-speed objects and objects that are in a strong gravitational field. That means that the gravitational field pulls some kind of energy to the object. Or the gravitational field somehow denies the energy flow away from the particle. 

So when we are increasing the speed of a particle or putting it in a strong gravitational field we can increase its lifetime as a particle. That thing means that the gravitational field is pulling quantum fields to that particle. 

The reason, why time moves slower when the speed or kinetic energy of a particle rises is that the particle goes through quantum fields more often than when the particle travels slow speed. So kinetic energy is a similar interaction between quantum fields like friction is the interaction between object and air molecules. But there are no air molecules in space. Or the gas or plasma in the universe is not so thick as Earth's atmosphere. 

But whenever an object hits an ion, atom, or other thing the kinetic energy will transfer to it. But also radiowaves are increasing the energy of the object. When an object travels through radio waves or some other quantum field, that thing transfers energy to that object. 

That means similar friction must also affect to stable object that is in a strong gravitational field. So the question is what causes that energy load to that particle? If the time is energy something pulls energy to the object also when it's in a strong gravitational field. That thing means that the gravitational field increases the impact or rather saying, interaction on the object. Similar way as high speed will increase the number of interactions between objects and quantum fields. 

Image and sources: 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-are-unraveling-the-mystery-of-the-arrow-of-time/

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

The Meissner effect is the superconducting levitation.

The reason for the Meissner effect where the superconducting object hovers above the superconducting layer is one of the so-called quantum miracles. The reason for that effect is that gas and energy flow through the object. And that causes the low-pressure area above the object. The temperature of the superconducting layer is extremely low. That means energy flows from the upper side of the levitating object to the superconducting layer. And that thing rises the object above the low-temperature layer levitating. 

The problem with this kind of levitation is that it requires the layer that is turned into superconducting. And that thing puts limits on the use of the Meissner effect. Normally that thing requires things like magnetic railways for working. But there is made research using Bose-Einstein condensate to make levitation systems that are not needed static magnets or special layers. The powder form superconductors are making it possible to create layer-free solutions for the systems that must levitate in the middle of the forest. 

The Bose-Einstein condensate is the powder-form superconducting material. The idea is that the "UFO" will blow the Bose-Einstein condensate under it. And that powder forms the superconducting layer that pushes the craft up. The Meissner effect must just push the system up, and then the regular engines are starting to push the craft in the wanted direction. 

The superconducting materials are interesting because they will not give the reflection echo to the transmitter. The thing that is giving the radar echo is the quantum field of the atoms. When a radio wave hits the material it rising the energy level of the quantum fields of the atoms. When that radio wave jumps from the first atom to the next one. That thing adjusts the atom to a higher energy level. 

And then the atoms must release their extra energy as wave motion. The thing is that in the superconducting objects the entire atom line is pulled forward. And the radio wave will travel through that material without resistance. So without resistance, there will be no radar echo from those objects. 

There introduced an antimatter-based engine. That can use in the saucer-shaped stealth craft. 

There are two parts to the system. 

1) The area that is made by using graphene.

2) And the area where is the solid or thicked frame. Chancing the frame or "hood" that system can change the direction of the main energy flow. 

In the middle of that system is the annihilation chamber. That chamber could be between the outer and inner core of the saucer. The inner core is an extremely thick material that protects the cabin against radiation. The energy that is created by using annihilation would tunnel through the graphene. 

And turning the thicker cover or hood, the system can control the main energy flow. So the side where graphene is open gives more energy through it. Then that thing makes it easier to turn the hood above the annihilation chamber. 

The quantum heat pump can theoretically detect dark matter.

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"An illustration of the device, which consists of two superconducting circuits: a cold high-frequency circuit (in blue) and a hot low-frequency circuit (in red). Here, the current that flows in the red circuit generates an oscillating magnetic field which leads to the photon-pressure coupling".

"By sending in a strong signal to the blue high-frequency circuit, this one is transformed into an amplifier capable of detecting radio-frequency photons flowing in the red circuit with much higher sensitivity. Credit: Researchers" (ScitechDaily.com/Physicists Have Built a Quantum Heat Pump To Detect Dark Matter)

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Above this text, you can see a quantum heat pump. That system is based on the idea of two superconducting circuits with different energy levels. And different frequencies. In that image, they are marked with red and blue colors. 

The red one has a higher energy level than the blue circuit. Or actually, the red circuit is a hot low-frequency circuit. And blue is a cold high-frequency circuit. The red superconducting circuit sends the radio waves to the blue circuit. 

And the low-frequency electric impulses turn into high-frequency signals in the blue circuit. That makes the blue circuit more sensitive than the red circuit. 

And the energy level of those two circuits can be calculated extremely accurately. And if the radiowaves or some other parts of those circuits interact with something that is not visible.  that causes an anomaly in the energy level of that system. 

Normally attempts to create interaction between visible and dark matter are basing extremely high-speed particles or magnetic fields. The idea is that fast-moving particle or wave motion can impact the dark matter causing an interaction that is visible in the changes in energy level. 

But there is the possibility that dark matter particles are virtual. That means that they might be some kind of whirls in gravitation waves. Or they can be impacting gravitational waves. 

Is it possible that the dark matter particles cannot interact because they tunnel themselves too strongly so that there is no interaction between material and dark matter? But what is the limit of that tunneling? Would that tunneling happen between the superstrings that are like whisks when they are forming particles? Or can dark matter particles tunnel themselves even through the superstring itself? 

There is also the possibility that particles of dark matter are so small but their energy level or their quantum field is so powerful, that dark matter can simply push superstrings away from their route. 

Or maybe those mysterious things are making holes in the superstrings that are forming particles. The interaction between dark and visible material would prove that the origin of the strange gravitation effect is the particle. 

Images and other sources: 

https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-have-built-a-quantum-heat-pump-to-detect-dark-matter/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The main problem with nanomachines is: how to make parts for them.

Biological nanomachines are genetically engineered bacteria. The problem with organic nanorobots is that they have the same limits as bacteria. Normally in nanotechnology bacteria's ability to make descendants is terminated. There is only DNA plasmid in the core of those bacteria. 

The purpose of the DNA plasmid is to control the functions of bacteria. But the main DNA is removed. That means bacteria cannot make descendants. And it makes bacteria easier to control. 

The non-biological nanomachines are necessary tools in highly toxic and radiation environments. Their operational area is larger than genetically engineered bacteria. Those non-organic or non-biological systems can operate at a high level of radiation and higher temperatures than bacteria. But making large numbers of those machines is difficult. 

Nanomachines are impressive tools. But the biggest problem is how to make those extremely small machines work right. There are billions of points where nanorobots are useful, but creating parts for those systems is difficult. Things like microchips are easy to make in miniature size. But the problem is in mechanical parts. How to make a gearbox for nanomachine? 

That system allows the nanomachine to move back and forth in its operational area. One of the versions is to use two nano-size electric motors that are connected to an axle. The first electric engine is connected to its axle straight.

And another one uses protein wire as the cross-drawn belt.  Or the system can use two cogwheel-like molecules as the gears. 

The axles and pulleys are created by using fullerene nanotubes. That is cut into pieces by using lasers. Researchers can also create those system's propellers by using thin nylon or kevlar fibers. 

Another version is to put miniature magnets around nanotubes that are pulled through nanomachines. And that thing makes them miniature MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic Drives). The nanomachine itself can be the crystal that is controlled by a microchip. That microchip can also deliver energy to those nanomachines. 

Why do photons have no mass?

When we are looking at the two forms of light, particles and wave motion we can try to find the answer to the strange abilities of the photon. There is the possibility that when a photon stretches to wave motion or superstring it turns flat. So when a photon hits particles its impact area is so small, that it cannot cause enough large-size impact area. 

The situation is similar to when a bullet hits the house. That bullet cannot destroy or affect all houses because the impact area is so small. So the bullet makes a small hole in that house. 

Same way when a flat photon or superstring travels in space. And impacts material. There is the possibility that it just pushes the quantum field around particles away. The idea is that the particle's quantum field is not a uniform structure. The quantum fields around particles are a series of superstrings or quantum lightning that is forming a structure that looks like a whisk. 

The force of that quantum lightning or quantum strings can be unique. And that makes it possible that qubits can have multiple quantum states at the same time. 

When photons are impacting quantum lightning. It will transfer energy to those quantum strings. That energy pushes those quantum strings away from each other. It makes it possible that photons can tunnel themselves through particles. This thing denies interaction between the photon and other particles. 

So could the tunneling effect be the reason why the interaction between photons and other particles is so weak that measuring the mass of the photon is hard or even impossible to measure? Or is the impact area of photons so small that it starts to tunnel through the particles before the measurements can be done? 

The artificial embryos are opening new visions for biotechnology.

 

The artificial mice embryos were "real" embryos, not clones. They were made by connecting the chromosomes of two mice. And that makes this thing very interesting. When we are thinking about this method from the point of view of artificial evolution, that thing opens a road to more versatile things than just cloning. 

Artificial embryos are making it possible to create tailored people. The parents or DNA deliverers of those embryos can be selected very carefully. Also, nanotechnology can change the sequences of DNA. And researchers can change things like skin color and gender. 

The ability to connect genomes and put them in the stem cells is making it possible to create new animals and even humans by using the genomes that are taken from the DNA samples. In some theories, mysterious UFO abductions are made for collecting DNA from extraordinary people. DNA can use to solve what kind of genomes are making people intelligent can be solved from that data. 

This new technology doesn't require sperm or gametes. The simple tissue sample is enough. 

And that thing helps to create new individuals for the dangered animal population. But that thing can also make it possible to create the new Einstein and Edison for society. There is the possibility that the cell samples that are taken from the most brilliant masterminds on our planet are used to create new very capable humans. The fact is that nanotechnology makes it possible to order the gender of the person. 

The nanomachines can replace the Y-chromosome by using another X, or otherwise. There is also the possibility to make those embryos sterile by connecting extra gender chromosomes in the genomes of that embryo. This thing is opening the most powerful tools that the human race ever had before. So we must realize that we must use this technology carefully. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-grow-synthetic-embryo-with-brain-and-beating-heart-without-eggs-or-sperm/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

What does somebody do with information about how a hawk homes its prey from the chaotic swarm?

"Composite frame sequence of a Swainson’s hawk attacking swarming Mexican free-tailed bats at a bat cave in New Mexico, USA. The white lines connect the hawk to the bat that it captures, and remain parallel over time showing that the bat remains on a constant bearing. Credit: Caroline Brighton (Oxford Flight Group)"(Phys.com/ Study reveals how hunting hawks home in on prey inside a chaotic swarm)

Many swarming animals, such as insects and birds, use chaos as a shelter. Chaos makes it harder for a predator to pick a single bird or insect from that chaotic flock. Information about how animals such as hawks or dragonflies select targets and attack them makes it possible to create algorithms that are used to select the main movers from a flock of drones.

The prime mover is the drone that goes first. And the secondary drone is the backup tool. That mission is to observe the prime movers. They are forming two- or more-stage hierarchical systems that can make their mission waves. 

Flocks of drones imitate nature. They try to create chaos by hiding drones that are higher up in the hierarchy. The drone swarm is a hierarchical network of the entity, in which the main trustees and secondary movers collaborate with their pilots by sharing information across the whole, which is a combination of drones and their controllers.

Drone swarms are powerful tools and in the next-generation military systems, drone swarms are playing a vital role in aiming other weapons and attack against enemies. The drone swarms can use chaos for making the air defense harder to locate the centers of those swarms. 

In some visions, the center drones are more sophisticated, made of more expensive components, and equipped with more effective computers and they have sharper sensors than attack drones. And even if all of those drones have similar systems there must be drones that are making sure that the mission is successful. 

So there are always prime movers and then the secondary movers that are observing the mission. If the mission is not done, the secondary movers must accomplish that. 

Those centers are used to control their hench drones that are equipped with explosives and weapons. The drone swarm can use chaos for making the AA flak harder to detect the drones that are controlling the systems. But there is always a prime mover in those swarms. The prime movers are hard, but possible to detect from the drone swarms. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-08-reveals-hawks-home-prey-chaotic.html

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Scientists created synthetic mouse embryos by using stem cells.

"Natural and synthetic embryos side by side with heart and head folds stained in color. Credit: Courtesy of M. Zernicka-Goetz" (ScitechDaily.com/https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-grow-synthetic-mouse-embryo-with-brain-and-beating-heart-from-stem-cells/)

Those synthetic embryos are the most fundamental things in biotechnology ever created. Those embryos had hearts and brains. So this kind of cloning technology can use for creating neurons for people whose brain is injured. 

The problem with those neurons is that their memories are gone when they are destroyed. But even the existence of the "spare part" neurons makes it possible to avoid physical damage to the brain structures. 

Same way as scientists can clone mice by using stem cells. They can clone humans or any other mammal. Stem cell technology can be the biotechnology of the future. 

There is the possibility that before humans are born researchers take a couple of stem cells from each embryo for cryogenic storage. This thing makes it possible that each person has stem cells in a stem cell bank. Those stem cells offer the possibility to give stem cell therapy. Or that technology can use to create spare parts for people whose organs are injured. 

The fact is that the DNA of the stem cells can also be stored separately. And nanotechnology allows researchers can change the DNA inside the stem cells. So theoretically if researchers have the DNA in their storage they can use even the stem cells that are taken from mice and change the DNA in the nucleus of that cell. That kind of technology allows the cloning of stem cells. 

The human clones are the thing that offers one version of immortality. The person can make a copy of the body and then transfer the memories to that embryo. There is the possibility that the people of tomorrow have the microchip in their nervous system. And then microchips are copying the memories of the person to the internet. Then those memories will transmit to the younger person's brain through the cortex.

That kind of technology can open fantastic and otherwise frightening visions. That thing can give the person some kind of immortality. But it can also make it possible to create clone armies. And in some visions, the clones can also be used to replace people who are injured. Or their death wanted to be hidden. That is one vision for biotechnology, that allows researchers to create spare parts" for people. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-grow-synthetic-mouse-embryo-with-brain-and-beating-heart-from-stem-cells/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

A photon trap is a perfect tool for sensors.

"Researchers built a “light trap” around a thin layer using mirrors and lenses, in which the light beam is steered in a circle and then superimposed on itself – exactly in such a way that the beam of light blocks itself and can no longer leave the system". (ScitechDaily.com/A Perfect Trap for Light – Allows Light To Be Absorbed Perfectly in Photosynthesis and Photovoltaics)

A photon trap is a perfect tool for sensors. But they can also use to create energy to ignite a fusion reactor without fission. The idea is that the photon trap collects energy from the sun. And then that temperature ignites the fusion fuel. 

A photon trap is a chamber where light is trapped inside it. Then that light or photons are jumping between mirrors of that chamber. This thing makes the photon trap the perfect tool for the sensors. When outcoming energy hits those trapped photons. That thing increases their energy. The photon traps can also use in ecological fusion or some other kinds of research. When light is conducted to the photon trap that increases its energy level until energy stress ends. 

Or energy breaks out from that chamber. That makes it possible to create next-generation solar panels or fusion systems. In that case, the fusion material will be put inside the photon trap and increasing energy will ignite that fusion. Photon traps are interesting tools for many things. They can use in extremely sharp sensors, long-distance data links, or even fusion experiments. 

In some visions, in the future fusion-powered spacecraft can use photon traps fro ignite fusion engines. The system can conduct energy to the fusion chamber that is formed by a photon trap. The energy that is required for igniting the fusion can be taken from the sun. And then this kind of system allows for the creation of enough energy for the fusion system without the need to use the fission reactor. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-perfect-trap-for-light-allows-light-to-be-absorbed-perfectly-in-photosynthesis-and-photovoltaics/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Lockheed -Martin "Helios"-naval laser system enters service.

The new tool for military systems is lasers. The Helios-type laser systems are offering ultimate defensive and offensive systems. Laser weapons with adjustable power can use for laser communication, laser eavesdropping, and spectrographic intelligence tools. In the last case, the laser will stress the target's atoms. And spectrometer can detect elements that are used for that target. The difference between those systems is the power of the laser rays. 

The laser weapons can also shoot ground targets over hills by using very simple methods. The quadcopter will just rise the mirror above the area and that mirror will use to aim a laser ray at the ground target. So the Helios-type systems can also use to destroy ammunition and individual targets on the battlefield. The main problem with regular mirrors is that the glass layer at the front of the reflecting layer absorbs laser radiation.

And that thing broke the mirror. But new technology allows for the creation of mirrors, where extremely thin glass protects that silver layer. That thing minimizes absorption. 

But a new type of laser technology allows for the creation of extremely powerful lightweight lasers. One of the systems is the so-called free photon laser where the laser ray will get energy from other laser rays that are targeted to it. In that case, the laser element is virtualized. The central- or leading ray must only be more powerful than other rays. 

The fact is that there is no limit to the size of those free-photon lasers. The nickname of those systems is "System Death Star". The multiple laser rays can connect to one very powerful laser ray. And that kind of laser system can be dangerous even to orbital systems. 

There is also introduced a vision that the acoustic ray can use to clean the air molecules and fog away from the laser ray. First, the acoustic ray will make the channel through clouds or smoke. And then the laser ray will shoot through that channel. 

In another version called "ion laser," the laser structure has formed the plasma. Then the acoustic beam will make a tunnel in that plasma. And after that, the laser ray will put to travel through that channel where plasma pumps energy in it. The magnets are keeping that plasma away from the walls of the laser. And then, the infrared laser ray will be shot through that channel, where plasma pumps infrared radiation to that laser ray, which makes it very powerful. 

Image and sources. 

https://gagadget.com/en/weapons/158998-lockheed-martin-is-the-first-in-the-world-to-deliver-the-helios-laser-weapon-it-works-on-the-principle-of-the-dea/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Liver disease is linked 38% higher risk of dementia.

The FDA accepted new medications for Alzheimer's. And the research is advancing very fast. The name of the medicine is in the top link below this text. 

Accumulating toxins can cause the immune cells can attack neurons.  When certain toxins are accumulating in cells there is the possibility that their membrane proteins are changing.  Or otherwise, there will be some strange chemical compounds in the core of those neurons. And if the immune cell misses the neuron or their support cell and destroys those vital cells. 

The liver is a very important organ. That organ removes toxic material from our bodies. And that thing can explain why liver disease causes dementia. When toxic waste of the cell metabolism will start to pile up in our body those products of metabolism also get access to our brains and neurons. 

When toxic chemicals are starting to pile up in the brain neurons are meant to stay the entire life. There is a big risk that those neurons will be destroyed. This is the reason why we must think about our way of life. 

If researchers could remove those toxic chemicals from the brain that thing can bring a cure for some kinds of dementia cases. 

When toxins start to accumulate in brain neurons, they disturb the normal metabolism of those cells. The damage to the DNA of brain neurons can cause problems. 

''Researchers from Osaka University discover an unexpected alteration in the brain during the autopsy of a patient with clinically typical Parkinson’s disease: an accumulation of TDP-43 proteins rather than alpha-synuclein". (ScitechDaily.Com/An Unexpected Change in the Brain: A New Cause of Parkinson’s Related Cell Death Discovered)

And the thing is that in Parkinson's something in the brain cells causes their death. So could that thing be the hybrid influence of toxic chemicals that makes those cells create wrong proteins or if the chemical environment of the cells is something else than it should be? That thing causes anomalies in the actions of neurons. 

https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/treatments/aducanumab

https://scitechdaily.com/an-unexpected-change-in-the-brain-a-new-cause-of-parkinsons-related-cell-death-discovered/

https://scitechdaily.com/liver-disease-linked-to-a-38-higher-risk-of-dementia/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-find-new-way-to-clear-toxic-waste-from-brain/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Scientists try to explain or model dark energy.

Dark energy is energy that rips the universe into pieces. That thing means that there is too much energy in the universe. So is it possible that some particles are "shining too bright?". That thing causes the wave motion called dark energy kicks particles away from each other. 

Einstein's theory of gravitation and gravitation lensing exists. So things like dark energy don't mean that the entire gravitational theory is wrong.  But there might be some parts of that theory, that require some kind of rethink. Or maybe there is one thing that even Albert Einstein himself didn't recognize. 

That thing is that gravitational lensing accelerates the photon. Or actually, the gravitational field accelerates a photon when the photon travels to the gravitational center. And when a photon travels away from the gravitational field's center its speed slows. That means the speed of photons is not the same all the time. 

When photons hit to planet's atmosphere, their speed slows. That thing sends radiation to the universe. That radiation or wave motion will transfer to photons and increase their energy level. And that thing makes the idea of the thing called "photon with hyper-high energy level". 

When some photons travel faster than others they must slow their speed to the level of the speed of light. Speed is another name for kinetic energy.

Energy cannot vanish. It can just take another form. When a particle decreases its speed it must deliver that extra kinetic energy to some other particle or quantum field. 

There is the possibility that the source of dark energy is in the hyper-speed photons or some other particles that they should. 

That means the interaction between photons and quantum fields can be the source of dark energy. When a photon or some other particle comes out from a wormhole and touches some other particle that means that the impact sends more energy than it should. 

When particle comes out from the wormhole they have a higher energy level than normal particles. And when that kind of particle hits quantum fields that reaction will transfer more energy than predicted. 

There is also the possibility that some particles are coming outside the universe. Outside the universe, the speed of particles is higher, than it is inside the universe. That thing means that when those particles are impacting with particles inside our universe that impact delivers more energy than it should. But there must be some kind of source for those particles. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-scientists-probe-dark-energy-time-to-rework-albert-einsteins-theory-of-gravity/

Why do we all have an individual way see things?

The idea of the ultimate reality that is the same for everybody is a myth. The reality is different for everybody in the world. How we see things depends on the experiences that we have. The same thing that might mean funny and pleasure to some people might be very traumatic for some other people. We know that things like festivals and concerts are meant to be places, where everybody has fun. 

But some negative experiences can cause that person ever go to those places. The fact is that feelings are in dominating role in the way to see things. The fact is that if the person has some kind of difference in the nervous system or senses that can cause that person to see the world differently than others. So when we are thinking of observation, we must realize that memories have a big influence to things how we are seeing things. 

This thing should show that people are individuals. We might see things differently than other people. We might have an allergy that makes something like a chocolate painful experience. That thing causes immune system over-reaction and the itch. This itch makes that very common tasteful candy a bad experience for others. 

This is one point of seeing things. When we have some kind of anomaly that thing changes our way to see things. 

https://scitechdaily.com/science-reveals-why-doesnt-everybody-view-the-world-the-same-way/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The principle of superconductivity is easy to understand.

Metals and some other materials are turning superconductive in low temperatures. The superconductivity is the result of the lack of oscillation of the object. And that thing makes objects superconducting. There is also a second way to make an object superconducting. 

That thing is increased pressure. And an extremely high pressure ends the oscillation in metal. The problem is that the needed pressure is over 20 thousand times the atmosphere. And if there is a lean in the system that can cause a dangerous situation. The combination of low temperature and high pressure can make it possible to create superconductors that are operating at higher temperatures than ever before. 

The third way is to use plasma or a magnetic field that is pushing the wires as normal pressure does. In that case, the magnetic fields are making it possible to create superconducting at room temperature. 

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The thing that makes the object superconductive is that its atoms are close to each other. So they act like a stick when an electron hits them. 

In normal material, those atoms are like balls they would pull energy out from electron that moves between them. But in superconducting objects, the energy travels in atoms' quantum fields. 

In superconducting entirety, they form a thick entirety. When an electron hits those atoms it hits their quantum fields it pushes the quantum field or atom forward. 

So the entire line of atoms is moving forward. And then it sends the quantum forward. Because the electron pushes the entire atom line that acts like a stick forward that thing doesn't cause resistance. 

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But the thing that makes the object superconductive is that there is no loose space between those particles. The atoms are pressed extremely close to each other. And that means they cannot move anywhere when an electron hits them. So the energy travels through that object without any resistance. 

Resistance is the thing that is caused when energy travels in the object. And the atoms are swinging when their quantum field swings like jelly. That swing requires energy. And that energy is out from electrons that are traveling at the core of the electric wire. 

When atoms are packed close to each other they can transmit energy in the form of wave motion. When an electron hits those atoms it will push the entire atom line. And then that atom line sends the quantum to another side of it. That thing removes resistance between those atoms. 

https://scitechdaily.com/holy-grail-of-energy-efficiency-physicists-advance-in-race-for-room-temperature-superconductivity/

The first-time robot learned to imagine itself.

For the first time in history, a robot imagined itself. It looked at itself from mirrors and made a copy of itself.  Of course, robots could make copies of themselves by using CAD drawings, stored inside their memories. But the ability to imagine themselves is fundamental. 

The ability to imagine themselves without the 3D images makes it possible that robot can fix their damages autonomously. That thing is necessary when the robot is operating in areas where they need to be extremely independent. 

The ability to imagine themself will work with the 3D models of the robot's surface layer and its system. The image tells what the structure should look like. And the cameras and other sensors are telling the real situation. The robot's core can contain sensors that are observing what its skeleton and hydraulics are looking like. And if there is some kind of warp or other damage. 

The inner core of the robot can have sensors that are observing the condition of its inner structure. Those sensors can be lasers that are following possible wraps and bricks in the structure of hydraulics or robot's other structures. The system knows, that it needs repair if it sees errors in those structures.  And then, it can start to create spare parts by using 3D printer technology. 

This ability makes it possible to create systems that are repairing the damages in manned systems. There is a possibility that the 3D printer systems are installed in the structure of the vehicles. And they can repair damages like holes in the core. Or those systems can create any part that the robot needs. 

Developers can install self-repairing systems in all kinds of vehicles or other systems. As an example, deep-space probes can repair their structures by using 3D-printer technology. 

The system can find needed minerals by using spectrometers. Then they can melt them by using lasers and microwaves. The probe can also use carbon asteroids for creating carbon fiber. The only problem is that melting carbon for fibers requires quite powerful lasers or electromagnetic systems. 

But a similar system can make repairings for tanks, armored vehicles, or even flying aircraft. The only thing that this kind of system needs is material that 3D printers can use when they do their jobs. 

https://scitechdaily.com/for-the-first-time-a-robot-has-learned-to-imagine-itself/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Research uncovered that people with similar faces have similar genomes.

Image: ScitechDaily.com/Characterizing Human Beings on a Molecular Level: People With Similar Faces Likely Have Similar DNA)

There was an article today in ScitechDaily.com. It had a highlight: "Characterizing Human Beings on a Molecular Level: People With Similar Faces Likely Have Similar DNA". Genome researchers are uncovered that the DNA is similar between people who have similar faces. But that kind of research can also use to make models of human faces. In databases are stored the shapes of the faces. 

And the DNA that forms the nose and other details can uncover. By connecting the DNA models the AI can create the image of the person.  In the future, the computer can make the model the faces of humans by using the DNA sample. In the same way, the AI can make the model of human fingerprints by using the DNA image. 

Researchers confirmed that DNA between two persons with identical faces is also similar. So that thing tells that face recognition can use to search for family members of some people. When the computer or the Ai sees enough similarities between the faces of two people it might suggest the DNA confirmation about that thing. 

This thing means that people who are from the same family can be uncovered just by using some social media application and image recognition tool. Faces are a heritable thing and that means people who look like the same can have similar genetic backgrounds. This thing is one of the most fascinating things in history. 

It helps researchers to find bloodlines and families that have some kind of tales about ancient times and maybe some of them uncover things like who is Mona Lisa (I think that woman was the sister of Leonardo da Vinci) or was there some woman as pope? Maybe those tales cannot ever be confirmed. But there is always a possibility...

https://scitechdaily.com/characterizing-human-beings-on-a-molecular-level-people-with-similar-faces-likely-have-similar-dna/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/characterizing-human-beings-on-a-molecular-level-people-with-similar-faces-likely-have-similar-dna/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Nanotechnology and drones are effective tools for field medical research.

Drones can carry X-Ray transmitters and receivers. The system can work that way that the 2-8 drones are flying around the target. The receiver must be on the opposite side of the target. That allows making X-ray research for natural animals without trapping them. 

Drones and artificial intelligence allows also make even PET scannings for insect-size natural animals without the need to trap them. And the same systems can also use for research on humans who might be injured. 

The fact is that nanotechnology and drones allow us to make even radiological research on the insect's nervous system and body in a natural environment. The system can be artificial intelligence-controlled drones that can have nanotechnology-based injectors. That injector injects things like the I-131 isotope into the insect's body. 

And then extremely small sensors can detect how the radioactive isotope travels in the insect's body. The system can use miniaturized sensor chips that are like dust. Those sensors can transmit data to the drone that flies near that insect. Or drones can have miniaturized telescopes that can detect the reactions of the isotopes in the insect's body. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Researchers found out how flies' brains respond to tastes.

"A new imaging technique called trans-Tango(activity), developed by researchers with the Brown's Carney Institute for Brain Science, reveals how specific neurons in brain circuits of fruit flies respond to stimuli such as sweet and bitter tastes. Credit: Gilad Barnea". (Phys.org/Using new technique, researchers make surprising discoveries about how flies' brains respond to tastes)

New miniature systems called "trans-Tango" open a view of the insects' brain activity. That system can observe the activity of individual neurons. That can revolutionize neurology. This kind of system can collect information on how the insects find their food.  And how they observe predators. Maybe quite soon, those systems can install in drones, controlled by artificial intelligence. So they can observe insects in their natural environment. That kind of information can use to create a new type of insect repellent. 

But the information on how the insect's brains work can give vital information. The researcher can use that information for the systems that are controlling nanotechnology. The insect's neurons can install in the nanorobots that can use to find and destroy cancer cells. The fact is that those nanomachines can also use to clean blood from poisons. 

The next generation tool for medical work can be the biorobots. Those robots are things like worms that can destroy tumors or eat plague from the blood vessels. Worms like Elegans worm can be a microchip implanted. And they can be controlled by radio systems like BlueTooth. In that case, the receiver uses nanotechnology. 

Those worms or their neural system can also create electricity for those extremely small electronic components. Those worms can also use to clean toxic chemicals from the blood vessels. And that thing makes them interesting in the point of view of medical work. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-08-technique-discoveries-flies-brains.html

Image 1:) https://phys.org/news/2022-08-technique-discoveries-flies-brains.html

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

A new study tells where memories are stored.

The study shed new light on the process of memory recall. (ScitechDaily.com/Broad Implications: New Study Reveals Where Memory Fragments Are Stored)

A new study solved where memory fragments locate in the human brain. This kind of study can help to create technology that can help to minimize brain damage. The problem with brain cells is that when they have been destroyed. The memory fragments of those cells are destroyed. 

And that thing makes replacing damaged neural tissue difficult. Another study has solved how brain cells are forming. In animal brains the brain neurons that are formed together wed distinct connectivity and activity throughout the animals’ adult lives. 

That thing means, that the neurons are born in pairs keeping in touch their entire life. The neurons are formed in pairs because there should be an odd number of neurons in the brain. That thing eliminates the possibility that there is the same number of neurons in the case the brain must decide something. If every single neuron would have pair that thing makes it possible for the brain can lock. The odd number of neurons makes sure that the brain can make decisions. 

So what kind of thing can solve memories for the damaged neurons? 

In most cases, the lack of oxygen causes brain damage. There is the possibility that in the future nanotechnology can transfer mitochondria to those damaged neurons. And if the cloned neurons can move near them they can transfer memories to those new neurons. 

The idea is that genetic material that is taken from damaged cells can use to clone new neurons and the memories from those cells can save by using nanotechnology. Those memories can be stored in electric form or the system can transfer the molecules to the new neurons. That kind of system can be a reality in the future. But that thing would be far away in the future. 

https://scitechdaily.com/brain-neurons-born-together-wire-and-fire-together-for-life/

https://scitechdaily.com/broad-implications-new-study-reveals-where-memory-fragments-are-stored/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The "silent mutations" are not harmless.

The reason why some mutations are silent is simple. Cells read the DNA sequence, where the silent mutation locates seldom. 

And those DNA sequences control the development of neurons and the nervous system. There is no junk DNA in human genomes. So every genetic abnormal is dangerous. 

When people are talking about things like "silent mutations" they should understand that the thing that makes mutation silent is that its location is in the DNA sequences that are not read very often. If the cells don't read the DNA sequences very often that means they don't need that data very often. So what that kind of data is? Those DNA sequences that are read seldom involve information that is needed for cells that are splitting very seldom. 

So those "silent mutations" are in the areas where is information. That controls the development of the nervous system. And that kind of mutation involves the greatest risks. The error in the genetic code that controls the development of the neurons is always causing a big risk. Things like retroviruses can cause errors in genetic material. And there is the possibility that also descendants of the infected person will get those damaged genomes. 

The problem is that if the virus writes its genomes to DNA sequences that are controlling the neurons the neurons don't need those DNA sequences anymore. Or the damage in genetic code is in genital cells. So the DNA of the neurons is not damaged. But genital cells can transfer that genetic damage to descendants. 

That means the genetic damages can be invisible. If cells are already ready those DNA sequences might not read. That means that if the damaged sequence is transmitted to the next generation the descendants can get visible genetic disorders even if their parents are wealthy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/disproving-a-60-year-old-hypothesis-most-silent-mutations-are-actually-harmful/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Photon rings around black holes part II.

The inner shadow of the photon rings could tell that there is some kind of radiation that pushes the photon ring away from the event horizon. So is that inner shadow the result of the Hawking radiation? Or is it an even more exotic thing? 

Can that inner shadow tell the wavelength of the radiation turns so short that radiation that falls in the black hole is invisible? There is the possibility that the black hole can pull that radiation straight. But if there is wave motion that is coming from the black hole. That thing can form short-living virtual particles. 

There is the possibility, that those short-living particles are the source of dark energy. When photons are orbiting a black hole they are interacting with their environment. Those photons are collecting things like gravitational energy and resend that wave motion around the universe. That dark shadow means that there is the possibility that the photon itself can be the hypothetical graviton. 

There is the possibility that around the black hole is the area where the massive gravitation pulls also wave motion straight. In that case, the straight-moving photon would have an extremely high energy level. So could that shadow show that a black photon exists? The black photon would itself be the mysterious graviton. Or it can be the route to that particle. 

Near black holes happens things that are impossible in the regular universe. The extreme curvature of the universe makes it possible that wave motion that has a high energy load can turn straight. And when the energy level of photons will rise enough that thing can cause that photon turns black. That photon ring can prove many things. And it gives information about the most extreme phenomenon in the universe. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Photon rings around black holes can help to detect gravitational waves or even dark matter.

There is a photon ring around black holes. That photon ring is an example of the energy level and the force of the gravitation of black holes. That photon ring is one of the things that is predicted but the evidence of those photons that are orbiting black holes is not confirmed yet. That photon ring is one of the things that is making black holes invisible. 

The photon that orbits a black hole precisely at the point of the event horizon can act as a tensor between the world inside the singularity and outside it. So the photon that is orbiting a black hole just at the point of the event horizon can conduct energy away from the black hole. By using two-way quantum entanglement.

But the photon will not necessarily require quantum entanglement for conducting energy away from the black hole. The photon can stretch by massive gravitation if another side of the photon is inside and the other is an outside event horizon. That photon acts like an antenna, that conducts energy out from a black hole. 

When particles are falling through the event horizon there is a short moment where they are between two worlds. That means at that moment the point of the black hole forms a tensor. The particle or superstring will conduct energy or wave motion away from the black hole. 

Black holes are quantum systems. And energy is always flowing from higher energy level systems to lower energy levels systems. 

All black holes are rotating. And that rotation increases the energy of that particle or bite of superstring that acts as a tensor. That means there is forming a small black hole, precisely at the point of the event horizon. That black hole sends radiation like all other black holes. So that radiation pulls energy out from the larger black hole. 

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The tensor black hole that is just at the point of the event horizon makes a channel through the event horizon. 

Because the gravitation field around black holes pulls even light inside them. It is impossible to transmit information out from black holes.

Except, in this case, there is another black hole just at the point of the event horizon. That small black hole acts as a tensor or connector between the world inside and outside of the event horizon. That small black hole drives radiation away from the black hole and decreases its mass. 

That energy will increase the energy level of the photons that are orbiting the black hole turning their energy level hyper-high. There is the possibility that those photons can someday detect dark matter. If that photon impacts dark matter that should cause an anomaly in its energy level. And sensors can detect that thing. 

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If there is a quantum entanglement or black hole at the point of the event horizon. That quantum entanglement or black hole acts like an antenna that transfers energy out from the area inside the event horizon. So that thing could prove the existence of Hawking radiation. Or that the source of Hawking radiation is inside the event horizon. 

The energy level at bottom of the tensor or connector is higher than at the top of it. That makes it conducts energy out from the black hole. Because that energy comes inside the event horizon, that makes the black hole vaporizes sooner or later. 

Energy will conduct out from the black hole through the physical tensors, like particles that are falling through the event horizon. Or virtual tensor like quantum entanglement. Whenever wave motion comes out from a black hole inside the event horizon it loses its mass. 

And also gravitational waves that black holes are sending are decreasing their mass. So the photon rings can use to detect gravitational waves. 

So this photon ring conducts energy out from the black hole by superpositioning individual photons with photons that are inside the event horizon. There is the possibility that some photons are traveling just, precisely at the point of the event horizon. 

That means this photon is in two positions at the same time. And the event horizon splits that photon. Then the photon can create quantum entanglement with two other photons. The first photon is orbiting that black hole near its event horizon and the second photon would be inside that black hole. That quantum entanglement acts like an antenna that transfers energy out from the area inside the event horizon. So that thing could prove the existence of Hawking radiation that comes inside black hole. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-photon-ring-astrophysicists-resolve-a-fundamental-signature-of-gravity-around-a-black-hole/

https://www.universetoday.com/151374/what-comes-after-photographing-a-black-holes-event-horizon-could-we-see-the-photon-ring/

Image: ) https://www.universetoday.com/151374/what-comes-after-photographing-a-black-holes-event-horizon-could-we-see-the-photon-ring/

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Supermassive black holes are forming and ripping galaxies.

 

Image: NASA

The supermassive black holes are forming galaxies. But they also push material away from them. The interaction between black holes and their environment is more complicated than people think. When a black hole pulls material inside it the energy level of the material rises to an extremely high level. Part of that material travels to the poles of the black hole and impacts together. 

That thing causes very high power X- and gamma ray beams that are leaving from black holes or at least near that thing. When those radiation pikes hit the material cloud around the black hole it makes the material shine. That shine means that the plasma that forms the main part of the galaxy is sending radiation. 

What is the difference between interstellar and interplanetary nebulas? One description is that there are heavier elements like silicon and iron in the interplanetary nebulas. 

Interplanetary nebulas are the supernova remnants. And interstellar nebulas are mainly hydrogen and other light elements like helium. 

And that radiation pushes the plasma particles away from each other. So the supermassive black holes inside the galaxy are forming galaxies. But the energy that is left from the transition disk and material around the black hole also rips the galaxy into pieces. The jets of the black hole are transferring material away from galaxies but they are also forming the disturbance. 

Without those disturbances, forming of new galaxies is impossible. Same way cosmic disturbances like energy impacts are making it possible that protostars are starting to form. Stable systems cannot form stars. There is needed some kind of disturbance or asymmetry that is causing the formation of the stars. 

When the radiation of the exploding supernova or some cosmic eruption hits the interstellar nebula that causes the weight of the particles changes. This thing causes the effect where particles of the interstellar nebula start to go together. Forming of the star in a cloud that is mainly hydrogen requires that there is helium. In an interplanetary nebula, things like silicone or iron will start to grow the material around it. 

Or in some other heavier elements that are causing the gravitational center. Otherways the ionized hydrogen between atomic hydrogens is starting to pile the particles up. The formation of the stars requires that there is a gravitational center in the nebula. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Does time exist?

In some models, time is like some kind of wave motion. Everything that we see happened in the past. So if time is wave motion or some kind of river. That explains why we can see only the past. If we think that the energy level in the past is higher than future. We have a hard-to-send wave motion against that flow. 

If we are raising our energy levels we will make the difference in those two energy levels smaller. And that makes the river of time move slower. So if we want to see to future we must make energy level of some point in future higher than the point where we are. 

The reason, why we see things that happened in the past is that the energy level in the past was higher than it's now and future. Even a microsecond and shorter time units are time. So what would we need to do that we could see to the future? The answer is that we must send wave motion against the flow of that river.

 And that means we must make two points at two different times. And then we must make information travel between those points. Then we must rise the energy level of the point, in the future to higher than the energy level of the point in the past. But that is only a hypothesis. 

But how big a role cosmic inflation plays in time? We know that we can stop time in particles. We can deny them aging by making them travel with the speed that is the speed of light. But the problem is that we cannot stop the aging process perfectly by accelerating particles. The reason for that is that nothing can reach the speed of a photon. And that means that even at the highest possible speed some photons are escaping from the object. So that means we can make particles younger than they should but we cannot stop aging. Or can we? 

By thinking otherwise the speed of light is quite easy to cross. We must just think of speed as energy level. But we can think of the speed of light as a relative thing. We can make an electron travel faster than it travels in the medium by using a vacuum. 

And when an electron reaches its maximum speed in particle accelerators we can simply shoot it into water There it sends the blue light flash when it removes its kinetic energy. And that flash can turn other particles into higher energy levels. That thing makes those particles younger until they released their extra energy into the environment. 

By stabilizing the higher energy level and making particles younger the system must get outside energy stress that increases the energy level of the quantum system. But when the energy stress ends those particles send extra energy outside them in the form of radiation quantum. 

In this text, we are talking about the thing that affects also space. In that case, time is a real thing that affects both matter and the environment. We certainly know that time is not a ringing alarm clock that wakes us in the morning. The time is the loss of energy in cosmic inflation. When the universe expands that causes the particles are vaporizing or turn to wave faster and faster.

When the universe expands the space expands, and the number of particles is the same all the time. So the distance of the particles will turn longer and longer. 

That thing makes that quantum fields will not push particles with the same strength. And that thing causes that material turns to waves faster and faster. So the interesting thing about this model is that speed of light is always getting higher and higher. When things like photons will impact quantum fields their kinetic energy will be higher than the photons in the past. But otherwise, photons should travel through the quantum fields so that it gets more energy. 

But the thing is that all energy and material were released in the Big Bang. The Big Bang was the thing where material reached the energy level that it turned to the third dimension. The dimension is the energy level of material or wave motion. So there is one interesting theorem about time.

That theorem goes like that this is some kind of radiation. In the young universe, time moved extremely slowly. The energy level of that intensive plasma was very high. And that means the vaporization of the material was very slow.  That means time has a connection with energy. The form of time is a mystery. Even if we know that time is connected with particles and particle-wave duality we don't know if is time some kind of wave motion. If time is some kind of wave motion there is the possibility to travel back in time. 

https://scitechdaily.com/does-time-exist-how-do-we-know/

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

How to control hovering C^60 balls?

Above this text, you can see a cloud. Cloud is the entirety of the water droplets. The rising air keeps those tiny droplets airborne simply by forming the lower pressure area above them. This thing makes water droplets hover. 

So if the speed of rising gas is high enough. Even large objects can rise over the ground. The combination of the high pressure below the object and low pressure above it pulls also dust and ash airborne. 

But there is also another way to make objects like fullerene balls hover. That thing is the energy stress that impacts those molecules. If the fullerene molecule turns hot enough that thermal radiation makes it hover. Image 2 is the fullerene where is trapped a water molecule inside it. 

The single water molecule has the quantum state that makes it polar. The polar molecules affect magnetic fields. So the heat can put fullerene molecule hover. 

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Could the Roman dodecahedron be some kind of communication system or even a flying toy?

Roman dodecahedron (Wikipedia) 

The idea is that there is a ball of pure gold or some other rare metal inside the dodecahedron. Then the acoustic system sends the resonance signal to that ball. And then that ball sends the symmetrical pressure waves to the dodecahedron. 

The little  "horns" around that dodecahedron aim the soundwaves in all directions. That allows making the 3D structure that is created by using interconnected dodecahedrons. But if those pressure signals are powerful enough. They can rise dodecahedron even up from layer. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_dodecahedron

Image 2)  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_dodecahedron

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Image 3)

The cold method could be more effective than the so-called hot method where fullerene will heat. In this method, the symmetrical pressure impulses will push the object upwards. 

Another way to put fullerene molecule fly is to aim the acoustic signal at that carbon molecule. Or rather the acoustic signal must make the water molecule in the carbon ball oscillate. That oscillation will transfer to the core of the fullerene. And then the pressure waves that are impacting the core of the fullerene and tunneling through it will push the fullerene up. Then the magnetic fields can use to aim that thing in the wanted direction. 

And then the magnetic field that affects the water molecule can make this small carbon ball fly in the wanted direction. Water molecules can use to control especially the hovering carbon balls. The thing is that the flying carbon balls that can fly in the wanted direction might have multirole missions in the next-generation nanotechnology. 

https://phys.org/news/2013-05-buckyball-inserting-molecule.html

Image 3) https://phys.org/news/2013-05-buckyball-inserting-molecule.html

The shape of the fusion reactor meant something.

Image 1)

When we are thinking about ion fusion, where ions with plus and minus polarities are impacting together, we must realize that there is one problem. If all ions have the same polarity. They are repelling each other. So the magnetic field must push those ions together. And then an ignition laser will pull those ions together. If we will inject the different polar ions into the Tokamak reactor that magnetic field will pull another ion cloud to the walls of the accelerators. 

The system can use a similar structure to NIF (National Ignition Facility). In the middle of the ball, the system sprays a cloud of positive ions. Then magnets start to press that positive ion cloud. And after that, the negative ions will shoot to that chamber by using a particle accelerator. The beam of negative ions will impact that glimpse of positive ions. And the laser rays will increase the energy of that system until fusion starts. 

The Images in the diagram above are

1) Traditional Tokamak

2) Tokamak includes two acceleration lines. The system will impact positive and negative ion beams at the crossing point. 

3) NIF-type or ball-shaped reactor. The cloud of positive ions will press together by using a positive magnetic field. Then negative ions will inject into the ball and they impact with positive ions. 

4) Ball-shaped chamber. Positive and negative ions will be driven to the chamber from opposite directions.

5) The linear accelerator where negative and positive ions are shot to impact tracks. 

Or we can use another structure. There is the possibility that using accelerators that are making ion beams cross each other allows the ion beams that have different polarity can impact each other. In that case, the ions that have different polarity pull each other to impact course. 

In another version, the system uses two linear accelerators. The accelerators or ion cannons are shooting ions in the fusion chamber from both sides of the chamber. The reaction chamber itself would be neutral. And particle accelerators shoot those plus and minus ions to that chamber. The laser rays or some other electromagnetic radiation can increase the temperature of that fusion system. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60312633

https://scitechdaily.com/nuclear-fusion-energy-breakthrough-ignition-confirmed-in-record-1-3-megajoule-shot/

Image: 1)https://scitechdaily.com/images/Tokamak-Components.jpg

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

Mass, energy, and photons.

Nothing else can reach the same speed as photons. Photon is a particle that seems to have no mass. But as I wrote many times before photons should have mass. The reason for that is that without mass photons cannot transport energy. And without this ability lasers and other things will not work. 

Ernst Rutherford said once that "certainly photon must have mass". But nobody measures that mass yet. In some theories the photon is only so "hairy" or its quantum field "shines" that photon flows away from other particles.  

So, could the answer for that be found in the photon's ability to be at the same time wave motion and particle? There is the theory that a photon is "flat" when it travels in space. That flat form would be the result of tunneling. That means the photon is very close to the thing called the superstring. And if the photon is like tape when it hits the medium wall that means the impact area of energy is so small that it's hard to measure. 

When a photon hits to quantum fields of the atoms it adjusts them to a higher energy level. And then those particles are sending energy quantum that pushes them away from each other. 

How do photon clones themselves?

When a photon's energy level rises it acts like all other particles. When energy stress ends the photon sends energy quantum.  And then that energy quantum stresses other particles. That causes a chain reaction where those particles resend photons until the quantum system reaches a minimum energy level. 

Sometimes I wrote that maybe a photon is a stable particle that sends wave motion. The idea of that thing was that a photon can clone itself. Or create other photons. The fact is that those photons are not forming from nothingness. The minimum energy principle also affects photons.

 And they attempt to reach a minimum energy level like all other particles. The minimum energy principle means that an object (particle, molecule, etc.) attempts to reach the same energy level as its environment.  So researchers can rise the photon's energy level, stressing them with electromagnetic radiation like magnetic fields. 

When the energy stress of a photon ends it sends radiation impulse to other particles around it. That radiation impulse or wave motion will adjust the energy level of the quantum fields higher level. And then those particles are sending energy quantum or photon when radiation stress ends. That is the thing that transforms matter visible. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon

Researchers created quantum entanglement between two quantum systems at a 12,5 km distance.

Researchers created quantum entanglement between two quantum systems at a 12,5 km distance. The ability to exchange information between two memory systems is the base requirement for communication. When two persons are talking to each other they are exchanging information.

Or otherwise, we can say that their brains exchange information. And the human brain is one version of the memory system. When we are discussing, we share information. Sharing information requires certain protocols. And one of those protocols is biz talk. Another system that can be human or computer asks permission to use another system's databases. 

When an elder person gives pieces of advice the situation is the same as when a server offers a client access to its databases. In both cases, systems offer a path to information, stored in their memories. So when another person offers pieces of advice that means the person offers information to another person. 

During that process, we are transferring information through the air to another person. And we cannot share any other information. If we want to share information we must have it. That means information is stored in our memory or we cannot share it. All information that we get goes through memory. And if memory doesn't save that information. That information does not exist. 

When researchers are sending information through the air the requirement is that two information or memory systems are at the same frequency. So before researchers can create quantum entanglement over long distances they must send the information parameters to the receiver. Or receiver can send a message about what atom, ion, or particle group the sender must use. 

The ability to create long-range quantum entanglement and exchange information over 10 km is one of the most powerful things in quantum technology. If we want to create the ultra-secure quantum system that allows high-secure communication between two memory systems. We must realize that the thing that makes this type of communication difficult is that another quantum system must be at a higher energy level. 

The quantum information system can make it possible to create the WARP-speed communication tool. In that system, the quantum entanglement is created through the air by using a hollow maser or laser ray as the virtual cable that protects the quantum entanglement. 

The radiation channel around the quantum entanglement makes it hard to see changes in the energy level of that entanglement from outside. Also, that energy channel or synthetic- or electromagnetic wormhole protects the quantum entanglement from outside electromagnetic effects. The quantum entanglement is like the stick that is connecting two places. So information that travels in this kind of system at goal before the free-flying photon is. 

The benefits of this type of communication are increasing when the distance between sender and receiver grows. And that means the WARP speed communication is the most effective in the longest possible distances. If we want to make WARP-speed communication at a distance of a couple of kilometers the speed of the communication is not the top reason. 

The WARP speed communication is very hard to break and that thing means that data security is top of the ranking list when researchers create this kind of system. But if we would create that quantum communication line to Mars that allows real-time communication between Mars-rovers and ground stations. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-08-entanglement-quantum-memory-km.html

The mystery of graviton-particle again... (Could that particle be the tensor between quark and gluon? Or is it some particle that we already know?)

The mystery of graviton-particle again... (Could that particle be the tensor between quark and gluon? Or is it some particle that we already know?)

Graviton is the hypothetical transmitting particle of gravitation. That particle would be the source of the gravitational waves. Gravitation is wave motion that behaves like other types of wave motion. And that means graviton is the particle state of gravitation. And wave-particle duality means that the gravitation can turn to wave motion. 

Otherwise, wave motion can turn into a particle. But another thing is that gravitation is also energy. This should make theoretical anti-gravitation possible. But, I will return to that topic in chapter 2B.  

So there should be a source for the gravitational waves. But is the particle that sends gravitational waves particle, a virtual particle, or something that we already know, but didn't realize connect with gravitation?  

The name of the graviton is given to the source of gravitational waves. There is introduced three possible models of what hypothetical graviton could be. 

1) Graviton is an independent particle. 

That means graviton is the particle that is waiting for its founder. If that particle exists and can be measured that thing opens new visions for many things. The wavelength of the gravitation waves would be the same as the diameter of the graviton. That means graviton could be found, by measuring the wavelength of the gravitational waves. 

2) Theoretical graviton-particle is virtual. 

Theoretical graviton could be a whirl of gravitational waves. The superstring is another name for wave motion. And those superstrings can form a whirl that acts like a tornado. If that tornado would be between quark and gluon that means gravitation is the tensor. 

If that is true, the strong nuclear force is the interaction between gluon, that gravitational tornado, and quark. So the graviton would be the virtual particle that interacts in both directions. 

The model of gravitational interaction, if graviton is the virtual particle, goes like this: Gluon(<>)Graviton(<>)quark. (<>) means that the interaction happens in both directions. 

This version of the theory of gravitation has based on the idea that the graviton is wave motion that behaves like all other wave motions.  So graviton could be the whirl between quark and gluon. That whirl could be the superstring that forms a similar effect to a tornado. 

Even if the windspeed around the tornado is very high there is low pressure in the tornado itself. That low pressure will pull objects to airborne. So if that gravitational whirl acts like a tornado. It pulls gluon and quark against each other. The size of the gluon is so small that this tornado has a very weak effect on the quarks. 

In some other versions of this theory gravitation is the wave motion that the source is in the undulating superstrings. When the existence of the particle ends it turns to wave motion or free superstrings. And if that superstring undulates those waves are sending wave motion. Or they are transmitting energy to the environment. That energy impacts other particles travel through them and then that thing pushes the object forward. 

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2B) Gravitation and anti gravitation.

Every single object in the universe is a quantum system. And energy flows from the system that is at a higher energy level to a lower energy level system. That energy flow ends when those systems get the same energy level. 

There is the possibility that two extremely large particles whose energy level is so high that they almost change to black holes can create the gravitational waves that are making antigravitation possible. Antigravitation means that the upper area of the system is at a higher energy level than another system. That energy travels to another side of the object because there the energy level is lower. 

The speed of energy flow can be accelerated, by putting another side of the object to a minimum energy level. And the wave motion will continue its travel outside that object. This thing is visible when two cars are impacting. The wave motion continues its journey outside those cars. And we hear that thing as a pressure wave. 

When wave motion impacts an object it gets more power while it travels through that object. That energy is transformed from the electrons and other quantum fields inside that object. So the power of the wave motion that comes out from the object is a little bit higher than the wave motion that is impacted by the object. 

The idea of antigravitation is that gravitation works opposite direction. One of the versions of the theoretical antigravitation system is that. The gravitational waves are transmitted to the opposite side of the object. 

That thing turns another side of the object to a higher energy level. And the gravitational waves travel in the opposite direction to the normal cases when the side of Earth is at a higher energy level. 

So if we want to create the antigravitation that pushes objects upwards from the ground from the earth we must just create a wave motion that is stronger than what Earth sends to that object. And then aim that gravitational wave motion to another side of the object. That turns the symmetry of the energy flow of the object to the ground. That thing should push the objects upwards. 

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3) Graviton is the particle that we already know but what we didn't realize has a connection with gravitation. 

One of the things that can be the source of the gravitational waves is gluons. The gluons behave similar way to neutrons and other particles. When an energy impulse hits to gluon it takes that impulse to its quantum field. When energy stress ends the particle attempts to get the base energy level. 

That energy level is the same as the environment of that particle. And when a particle releases its energy it sends energy quantum from its quantum field. So maybe the source of the gravitational waves is gluons. Those particles are transmitting strong nuclear force. Gluons are far smaller than quarks. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

See also:

Gluons

The gravitational waves 

Graviton

The standard model of physics