The zombie neutron star spins slower than it should.

The neutron stars are remanats of the supernova explosions. During that explosion, the star is pressed to a very dense form. And actually, all particles of the neutron star are turned into neutrons. The thing that keeps this neutron structure together is the combination of the weak nuclear interaction and electromagnetic interaction between the poles of the neutron. 

That structure is very strong. And maybe sometimes in the future, we can create the "neutron fullerene" the layer of pure neutrons that can use as the cover for layers. Neutron fullerene would be one of the strongest materials in the universe. The neutron structure is extremely strong. And that allows a very fast spin of the neutron stars. 

They are spinning extremely fast. And they are known because their powerful magnetic fields act as a particle accelerators. That thing makes them send fast particles across the universe. And those neutron stars are known as "pulsars". The truth is that pulsar requires particles around it. The electron ray forms when material drops on the core of the neutron star. 

And then, the magnetic field will drive those particles to their poles. That radiation requires the nebula around the neutron star. Also, the material that falls to the core of the neutron star makes it a spin. When ions are impacting it's core they are causing nuclear reactions. If particles are not dropping to the neutron star's core that causes the neutron star's spin ends. 

If the star that explodes is too heavy it forms a black hole. There is the possibility that somewhere are quark stars. Quark stars would be one type of fermion stars and in that star type, the neutrons are collapsed to quarks. The quark connections are stronger than neutron connections. 

But do we know enough about those strange objects? We know that collapsing nebula can form black holes. So there is the possibility that the neutron star can form straight when the proto-star condenses. If the mass of the planetary nebula is too high that thing can cause the star detonates immediately when the nuclear reactions begin. Or the nebula will fall to the black hole. And maybe similarly the neutron star can form straight from the nebula. 

If a neutron star spins too slowly. That can mean that it is formed straight from the nebula. Or there is the possibility that some outcoming radiation or wave motion is slowing the speed of the neutron star. That means the outcoming radiation can cause the situation where some kind of electromagnetic tunnel denies that particles can impact a neutron star. 

That means some kind of effect that impacts a neutron star like a hollow magnetic field. That denies that the particles can impact the core of the neutron star. Maybe, that kind of magnetic field is formed by high-energy ions. In that case. Those ions deny that particles can touch the neutron star's core. That means that there could be some kind of bubble where is another magnetic field. That drives particles out from the core of the neutron star. 

https://bpsic.com/2022/05/30/zombie-pulsar-is-spinning-slower-than-should-be-physically-possible/Balck hole

Neutron star

Pulsar

Quark star

Image:) https://bpsic.com/2022/05/30/zombie-pulsar-is-spinning-slower-than-should-be-physically-possible/Balck hole

Electromagnetism can act as the model for futuristic antigravitation systems.

The electrons that are in extremely high energy levels can create gravitational waves. 

The ability to create synthetic gravitational waves by using a laser can make futuristic antigravitational engines possible. The idea is that the system shoots the gravitational waves against the dominating gravitational fields. If those gravitational waves travel in opposite directions that thing packs the gravitational waves between the craft and the dominating gravitational object. 

And that wave motion raises the craft above the ground. The system could make synthetic gravitational waves by stressing electrons by using laser systems. But the problem is that the electron's energy level must rise to extremely high. And then that system makes those extremely heavy electrons orbit each other. When those electrons that are (near the limit of) quantum size black holes. 

Orbit each other they send gravitational waves. Or otherwise, the electron can turn into a quantum size black hole, and when energy stress to that object ends. That thing causes the vaporization of that black hole. And at the same moment that black hole sends gravitational waves around it. So the needed thing is a laser that stresses electrons for enough long time. And when the energy stress ends that object sends the energy wave through the universe. 

The idea of that system is the same. When the magnet's south and south (or north and north) poles are turned against each other. Those poles are sending wave motion that starts to hover between the poles of magnets. And that thing causes the magnets are starting to repel each other. 

Electromagnetism can act as the model for futuristic antigravitation systems. 

When we think about the possibility to make the real anti-gravitation that denies the effect of the gravitation we can think of one other interaction. The electromagnetic interaction is the most well-known and common interaction that have also repelling and pulling effects. The electromagnetic interaction transportation particle is a photon. 

The problem with a photon is that it has no antiparticle. But the W-boson that transports weak interaction has anti-particle pair. The particles that are transporting the weak interaction are W+ (W-plus) and W- (W-minus) bosons. So there is the possibility that in some cases the W boson is the two bosons that are orbiting each other. 

When those particles are orbiting each other the (W-plus) boson will pull the minus pole of the neutron to it. And the (W-minus) boson pulls proton to it. But at the same time when the W-bosons are orbiting each other, they send wave motion away. The things that keep those bosons away from each other are the proton and neutrons. When proton and neutron are gone. Those particles could annihilate and form the photon. But that thing is not sure. 

All particles are sending wave motion. The frequency of that wave motion depends on the energy level of the particle. When the particle is stressed by using radiation that particle stores radiation. Until the energy level of the particle turns so high that its quantum field pushes radiation out. 

Image: Artist’s concept of gravitational waves propagating through space. (ScitechDaily/New Laser Breakthrough for Gravitational Waves Will Test the Fundamental Limits of General Relativity)

And then it starts to send radiation or wave motion until its energy level is the same as its environment. The wave motion starts to travel when the energy pump to that particle ends. And particle sends extra energy as wave motion. 

The wave motion that is packed between the same poles of the magnet causes the repelling effect of the magnets. So could the gravitational waves cause a similar effect to crafts if they are packed between layer and the bottom of the craft? 

But when the opposite poles of the magnetic objects are pulling them to each other. The reason for that effect is the wave motion. When the object's poles are against opposite poles (minus pole against plus pole). That causes the wave motion starts to flow from the minus pole to the plus. (In this text north and south are replaced by words "plus" and "minus")

Wave motion that leaves from the object looks a little bit like a half-moon. Those waves are pulses that are traveling in one direction. And behind those pulses is the area with a lower energy level. That causes wave motion. And finally, the object is starting to travel in that channel. 

So that wave motion between minus and poles of the magnets pulls the particles to each other. The reason for that is that between those plus and minus poles forms a channel with a lower energy level. And then the wave motion behind those objects pulls the particles or objects together. 

But when the same poles are against each other that thing causes that electromagnetic interaction to push objects away from each other. The reason is that the magnets are sending the wave motion to the channel between them. 

That wave motion starts to flow in that area. And then that jammed wave motion forms the higher energy area between those minus and minus (or +and+) poles. After that, the area with a lower energy level pulls particles back. So the higher energy area between the same poles of magnets seems to pull the particles away. But the fact is that the lower energy area behind the object pulls the object back. 

Could we pack gravitational waves similar way between objects and the gravitational center?

So when we want to make a real antigravitation system. We must just find the gravitational waves that Earth will send. Then we should make the gravitational waves that have the same frequency as the incoming gravitational waves. And then just launch those gravitational waves against the dominating gravitational field. 

That should make the similar effect of standing and packed gravitation wavefield between object and dominating gravitation source. That thing makes it possible to create the hover of gravitational waves between objects and Earth. Those packed gravitational waves should act like in electromagnetism. And rise the craft hover over the ground. 

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

https://scitechdaily.com/new-laser-breakthrough-for-gravitational-waves-will-test-the-fundamental-limits-of-general-relativity/

Image 1:) https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-are-blasting-out-earths-location-with-the-hope-of-reaching-aliens-stephen-hawking-warned-they-might-destroy-humanity/

Image 2:)https://scitechdaily.com/new-laser-breakthrough-for-gravitational-waves-will-test-the-fundamental-limits-of-general-relativity/

Are all four interactions the same force?

The particle physics extended model with hypothetical graviton. 

The problem with connecting four fundamental interactions, strong interaction, weak interaction, electromagnetic interaction, and gravitational interaction is that gravitation is neutral. 

Gravitation affects all particles in the same way. But we cannot make the connection between those forces. This is the reason, why we cannot make things like Theory of Everything (TOE) and Great Unified Theory (GUT). 

The reason is that researchers cannot connect gravitation to the other three interactions. So could the graviton be the low energy area or hole that is pulling material and wave motion in it? The wave motion could be like a carpet that pulls particles with wave motion. 

There is introduced an idea about the form of gravitation. The idea is that the gravitation is the low but large hole near atoms. And that large size causes. That wave motion will fall in it slowly but filling that hole takes a longer time. And that makes the gravitation effect in long distances. When the end of wave motion will start to fall in that hole. That is similar to the electron hole it pulls other wave motion behind it. 

Or could gravitation be the energy that travels behind the particle? And push it forward? 

So gravitation is the energy flow from the higher to lower energy space. The idea is that gravitation is wave motion. And when that wave motion hits the particle it forms the electromagnetic shadow behind it. 

Energy or wave motion starts to travel to that electromagnetic shadow faster than it can travel to the front of the particle. And that effect where wave motion travels faster to the electromagnetic shadow or lower energy area pushes the particle forward. 

The strong interaction is the interaction between single fermion and gluon. 

The annihilation is the interaction between the particle and its antiparticle.  In that reaction, the entire material turns to wave motion in that case. And that makes annihilation so powerful. 

In that case, the strong nuclear interaction turns opposite. So the repelling part of the strong interaction causes the material turns into energy. The annihilation can form in the case where the fermions called quarks are oscillating. And that oscillation will transfer all over the atom. And if that oscillation is strong enough that thing turns material and antimatter to wave motion. 

So could W-boson be the group of gluons? 

So if we are thinking that all interactions are the same. We can think that the transmitting particles of the forces called bosons are only a certain size of the groups of the gluons. The single gluons are the particles that transport strong nuclear interaction. And they are jumping between quarks that are forming protons and neutrons. The W-bosons (W-plus) and (W-minus) bosons transport weak interaction. 

The similarity between the weak and strong interactions gives a tip that the strong and weak nuclear interactions are the same force. The short lifetime of the W-boson also supports the theory. That its actually the cloud of some other elementary particles. And the best candidate for that particle is the gluon. 

Could photon be the ring-shaped remnant of the W-boson collapse? 

The electromagnetic interaction is the thing that connects the electrons to an atom's nucleus. The transportation particle of that interaction is the photon. So could the photon be the ring-shaped power field or virtual particle? Or is it similar to the electron-hole? In that case, that photon can be like the smoke ring-shaped power field. That is left when the W-boson collapse. 

So finally the mysterious graviton. The mysterious graviton could be the electromagnetic hole that forms when electron cores or the quantum fields around the atom are changing their position. In some theories, the graviton is the electromagnetic low pressure. That is forming at the edge of the atom. 

So, the graviton could also be a similar phenomenon to an electron-hole. The size of that hole or electromagnetic low-pressure could be larger than the electron-hole. But its area is larger. That thing causes that energy and wave motion will fill that hole longer time. But the speed of filling that hole is slower than the electron-hole. Because the gravitation hole is large-size that thing causes the wave motion that drops in that hole affects from a longer distance. 

See also:

Fermions

Fundamental interactions

Gluons

Gravitons

Great Unified Theory (GUT)

Photons

Theory of everything (TOE)

The standard model of physics.

W Bosons

Image 2:) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

Nuclear fission and W-boson interactions: how to turn weak nuclear force repelling?

The main particles in the atom's nucleus are baryons called protons and neutrons. The thing that keeps those particles is the thing called "weak nuclear interaction", weak interaction" or weak nuclear force. Called also "W-boson interaction". 

The weak nuclear force is the thing that makes the atom's nucleus stay in one piece. The weak interaction is not the interaction between neutrons and protons. Its interaction between proton or neutron and W-boson. Also, Z-bosons transport weak nuclear interaction. So some notation where is mentioned W-boson could mean W-boson. There are two W-bosons. 

Those bosons are the (W^+)(W-plus), and (W^-)(W-minus)-bosons. Those bosons are the antiparticles to each other. So they are causing the weak nuclear force to interact in two ways. Z^0-bosons are their antiparticles. The weak interaction has two ways repelling or pulling. And normally the dominating is the pulling interaction. 

The W-boson is between the protons and neutrons. It has a similar mission in weak nuclear interaction as gluon has in the strong interaction. Same way as gluon is the transmitter of the strong nuclear interaction the W boson is the transmitter of the weak nuclear interaction. So those interactions are very similar. But the transmitter particles of those things are different. 

Sometimes is introduced that all interactions are the same. And the transmitter particles of those interactions are the different sizes of groups of the gluons. Nuclear interaction is not the interaction between particles. It's the interaction between fermions and the transmitter particle. 

The thing in the nucleus of the atom is that the protons are all positive particles. And neutrons are bipolar particles that have north and south poles. So the thing that keeps the nucleus of the atom in one piece is the south pole of the neutrons. The protons have only north poles. And they are repelling each other. And if the nucleus of the atom loses too many neutrons the repelling electromagnetic forces win the weak interaction and cut the W-boson interaction. 

The only uranium isotopes that are suitable for nuclear fission are U-233 and U-235. The reason for that is that there is an odd number of neutrons. If all neutrons have pair. They would turn their opposite poles against each other. But if all neutrons cannot have pair. That means that one neutron starts to spin. Neutrons act like all other double polar particles. They are turning their opposite poles against each other. 

And that thing locks them to that position. The idea is that when the neutrons have locked the stability of the system is guaranteed. But if two poles are turning against one neutron. That thing breaks the symmetry. And that can cause one neutron leaves its place. 

Or else two other neutrons turn their electric poles towards the odd neutrons. And it can disassemble the odd neutron. If one neutron is pulled out or another way to disassemble instead of that neutron, a hole will be formed in the atom's nucleus. And if that hole stays long enough, it'll rip the atom apart. We can say that the W-boson interaction turns to the opposite. The repelling part of the weak interaction turns dominating. 

The neutron impacts the atom's nucleus when nuclear fission starts. That impact transfers energy to the atom's nucleus. The thing that makes nuclear fission possible is that the W-boson interaction or weak interaction ends. When a neutron impacts an atom. Tt impacts another neutron. That thing causes the shockwave that impacts other neutrons. If there is an odd neutron in the atom. That shockwave pushes it away easier than if those neutrons have pairs. 

When one neutron has been left from the atom's nucleus, it leaves a hole after it. The W-boson that is connected to the proton collapses. And that thing sends energy waves through the atom. That energy impacts other W-bosons. And it causes the other W-bosons are pushing the protons and neutrons farther from each other. 

The requirement for the splitting of atoms is the W-boson interaction or weak interaction cuts in time that is long enough. The cut of W-boson interaction rips the atom into pieces. But that effect requires that the W-boson interaction cut takes long enough. 

The reason why uranium and plutonium are fissile elements is that those atoms are big. In big atoms, the W-boson interaction between neutrons is about larger than in small-size atoms. In small atoms, the weak interaction between protons and south poles of neutrons can keep the nucleus of an atom in one part. But in large atoms, the impacting neutron sends other neutrons away from the atom. 

And then the proton's electromagnetic repel along with the neutron's north pole interaction with protons are pushing those particles away from each other. That thing destroys the W bosons from the nucleus of the atom. And when W bosons are destroyed they release all energy stored in them. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons

Image: https://accessdl.state.al.us/AventaCourses/access_courses/physci_ua_v16/04_unit/04-02/04-02_learn.htm

Are electron-hole and black hole similar phenomena?

 

The image above:)A model of a black hole when it raises a gravitational wave. 

Could we explain the black hole and the form of gravitation that its similar effect as electron-hole? When an electron's energy level raises it leaves a hole below it. We can think of that electron-hole also as the pillar. Which is below the electron. When we are talking about the filling of an electron hole, we mean the collapse of that pillar. And if the electron's energy level is high enough the pillar turns so long that the energy that it pulls in it denies the collapse of that pillar. 

When the electron's or any other object or particle's energy level rises high enough it vanishes. And that object leaves that hole or pillar behind it. And we are calling that point of the pillar a black hole. The energy point where an object vanishes is called the event horizon. When we are talking about the event horizon we call that point the point where the escaping velocity reaches the speed of light. Or the energy level of the object turns so high that it vanishes. 

The black hole is the particle that locates in the fourth dimension. The fourth dimension is the energy level where particle vanishes. But behind it is the hole the gate to higher energy levels or the fourth dimension. 

The birth of the black hole is in a supernova explosion. That explosion raises the energy level of the material to an extremely high level. If we think that the fourth dimension is the certain energy level or the energy level where the particle or object vanishes that means when the particle's energy level is high enough it turns into a black hole. 

Or actually, the black hole is like a pillar below the particle whose energy level is high enough.  That pillar is the thing that keeps particles or objects hanging over a certain energy level. And if that pillar is long or high enough that thing forms the material whirling around it. That whirl called transition disk pumps energy to that pillar. 

When the material whirling ends that thing causes that energy starts to flow away from that pillar. And that energy flow causes the material returns to the third dimension. We can call that energy flow the vaporization of the black hole. The pillar or black hole is the thing that the object pulls behind it. When energy flow to that pillar ends the object on the top of it starts to lose its energy. 

That energy falls to the pillar because energy always tries to reach the minimum possible energy level. And then that pillar collapses. The minimum possible energy level means that the energy level in a particle is the same as the energy level in its environment. 

When the energy level of the material rises higher it rises that material like the top of the pillar. In the same way, we can think that when the electrons rise higher level, there is forming pillar below it. The polarity of that pillar is positive. And we normally call it an "electron hole". In the same way, we can think that there is a pillar below the object that is at a higher energy level than its environment. 

That pillar is the thing that pulls material and wave motion inside it. So if we think that a black hole is an object that has an extremely high energy level we might think that there is a pillar below it. And that pillar is the thing called a black hole. In the black hole, gravitation makes the same thing. What electromagnetism makes in the electron-hole. So there is the possibility that gravitation is the same kind of force as electromagnetism. 

In that model, there is forming a similar hole. As an electron makes when it forms an electron-hole while it raises to a higher energy level. In that model, the graviton is the virtual particle or lower energy area or similar hole with an electron-hole. 

Sometimes there is a question about the shape of the black hole and there is the possibility that the black hole is quite a similar effect to an electron-hole. As I wrote before the electron-hole is the thing that the electron leaves behind it when its energy level rises. 

The electron hole is positive and it's the thing that pulls energy out from the electron. And electron drops back into the hole. When we are talking about the electron holes we should think electron as the thing that hovers in the 3D space. That means when the electron jumps to a higher energy level that causes that the size of the electron changes. 

And it forms the positive layer around it. And then that positive sphere pulls the electron back to its original form. The black hole is the most extreme thing. If we want to make a quantum-size black hole we should only pump energy to the electron. And whenever the energy level of the electron rises that thing makes the electron hole deeper. 

We can also think electron-hole as a pillar where the electron hovers above it. 

Or otherwise, we can think that the electron is above the layer on the top of the pillar. The polarity of the pillar is positive. And when energy stress to electron continues it rises that pillar higher. When an electron fills its electron hole. We can think that the pillar below it collapses. 

We can think that the electron-hole is like the pillar and the electron is on the top of that pillar. When that pillar is high enough it starts to pull the wave motion in it. And that wave motion denies the possibility that an electron can fall back into that hole. 

So the energy level of the black hole is so high that it jumps to so high energy level that we cannot see it. In that model, the black hole is standing over the pillar and that thing is the thing, that we see as a black hole. The transition disk around that pillar pumps energy to it. And that thing denies that the pillar can collapse. The reason for the collapse of that pillar is that energy flow to its ends. The energy starts to flow from the object to that pillar and it decreases its energy level causing the situation. Where the object falls to the third dimension. 

Image: https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna6808937

The new error-free quantum computer can revolutionize computing.

Image: Artist impression of gate operations on logical quantum bits, that are protected from faults by means of quantum error correction. Credit: Johannes Knünz (ScitechDaily/Fundamental Breakthrough: Error-Free Quantum Computing Gets Real)

The new error-tolerant quantum computer uses two qubits where seven atoms are connected. Those qubits are exchanging information. And that thing makes it possible to create the quantum computer that has the working error-handling and detecting protocol. 

The fact is that if somebody asks, what is the most powerful tool in computing? We might answer that the network of quantum computers. The error-handling protocol is a necessary tool for successful computing. 

In large-scale systems, the protocol can make by using multiple quantum computers that are in different places. And then if the answer that those machines get is the same the answer is true. The error-handling protocol can support by highly advanced AI that can keep a book about things like gravitation waves. Those waves can cause an error in the qubit because that energy affects the qubit. 

If the quantum computers are running the programs or algorithms that use fuzzy logic those computers don't need so high accuracy. The system must have three parts. One is the "Judge" connected to sensors with two other parts. If those two other parts are getting the same solution. That thing is the decision of what system follows. Or if there is a difference, the "Judge" chooses the better decision. 

The thing is that quantum computers are the most powerful and safest systems in the world of computing. The superpositioned and entangled particles are transmitting data in that system. That thing is called "quantum teleportation". If somebody wants to steal information from the quantum entanglement causes that the energy level of that particle pair decreases. And that thing causes alarm in the system. 

Scientists are making quantum teleportation over the rudimentary network. The research continues with this thing. The ability to make quantum teleportation over the complex network structure makes it possible to create quantum computers that have the power of human brains. 

The complex 3D quantum network is the thing that is working in human brains. And the ability to make precise quantum teleportation to a certain point of the 3D neural structure. If the system can make it possible to create the series of quantum teleportations of the information that makes it possible to create more powerful computers than human brains can be. 

In some visions of the computer-neuron hybrid systems is the living neurons whose axons are replaced by using a series of nano-size optical cables and laser LEDs. That kind of system can make it possible to create new types of microchips. 

https://scitechdaily.com/fundamental-breakthrough-error-free-quantum-computing-gets-real/

https://techxplore.com/news/2022-05-teleport-quantum-rudimentary-network.html

Image: 1)https://scitechdaily.com/fundamental-breakthrough-error-free-quantum-computing-gets-real/

Electron-holes part II

As I just wrote excitons are a combination of the electron. And the hole below it. The image above shows how electrons are hovering above their holes. And because the quantum field of that electron is stronger than other electrons the radiation can travel through it. And that thing can form the quantum hood over the electron. The depth of the electron-hole depends on the force that the photon transfers to the electron. So what is the electron-hole? 

Above this text, we see the two-dimensional model of the electron-hole and electron combination. When the energy level of an electron rises to a certain level there forms the energy pillar below the electron. That pillar hovers over the hole and then the electron will drop back to that hole because positive polarity pulls that thing in it. 

Image 2) (Pinterest) Tennis ball wind tunnel. The tennis ball can demonstrate how electrons are acting when their speed is high enough. In the case of electrons, the air molecules are replaced by quantum fields. 

 The electromagnetic wave motion acts similar way but in that case, the electromagnetic wave motion forms the shockwave. In wind tunnels, the air molecules are forming the shockwave. But the wind tunnel image can use as a model for the electromagnetic waves that the particle faces when its speed reaches the speed of light. 

When we are thinking about the photons and electrons we must realize that all other energy loads can create the hole below the electron. When an electron travels at a very high speed there it forms a hole or vacuum behind it. In that model, we can think that the kinetic energy pumps energy to the electron and it acts like photons. The hole pulls electrons backward because the system also seeks the minimum energy level. 

The minimum energy level is the energy level of the space around the object. That is another thing that makes crossing the speed of light very difficult. Another thing is the doppler wave ahead of the object. That effect known as redshift means that the wavelength of the wave motion ahead of the object turns slower. And an extremely high speed the doppler effect causes that there is the wave motion shock wave ahead of the object. 

The shockwave is similar to when the aircraft travels at the speed of sound. The shape of the aircraft aims that shockwave away from the body. And the doppler effect is similar to the molecular effect. But in that case, the shockwave forms because of the electromagnetic wave motion. 

That shockwave forms electromagnetic low-pressure around the object. So the energy travels back and sideways from the object because the contact point with the quantum field is so small. So the system must bring energy from somewhere for filling those low-energy areas that are making the energy travel away from the object. 

Electrons and their holes are interesting things.

Excitons are the quasiparticles that consist of electrons and the electron-hole that an electron leaves behind it when a photon impacts it and rises it to a higher energy level. In that case, the electron leaves the positive hole behind it. That hole is the reason why electrons will drop back to the base energy level.

When electricity travels on the wire that thing bases the electron hole. At the first one-electron will jump to a higher energy level and forms the electron-hole. Then that electron transmits energy to electrons around it. That thing raises the energy level of all other electrons that are forming other holes. 

On the wire, the holes will make electrons move. And that means electricity is the movement of electrons or wave motion that travels between electrons that are hovering over their holes. Like in all other quantum systems energy will travel from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. 

The thing that can deny electron drop to the base energy level is the case that some other electron will fill that hole. In that case, the energy flow from the negative electron to the positive electron-hole will stop. The ability to deny the electron drop back to its hole will make it possible to make an electron that flows above the base energy layer. 

An interesting thing about the electron-hole is that its polarity is positive. That positive polarity is the thing that will pull the electron back because energy travels from the electron to the hole. That positive electron hole is the thing that causes the electron movement on the core of the electric wire. 

And one of the most interesting things is that if the positive hole turns to a higher energy level than the electron that forms that hole it can turn the electron into an anti-electron or positron. The reason why the thin gold layer turns electrons into positrons is this.  When an electron travels through that gold it forms a series of the holes behind it. If those holes are in line they will get a higher energy load than an electron. And that turns electrons polarity positive. 

There is the possibility that the antimatter can form by using two different electron or laser rays. The first extremely high energy electrons are forming the hole. And then the electron whose energy level is the lowest possible will transfer near those holes. That thing makes it possible to create an electron-hole that is higher energetic than an electron. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-05-tunable-quantum-excitons.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton

Image: https://phys.org/news/2022-05-tunable-quantum-excitons.html

Quantum computers proved that they work. But there are many challenges before our PC turns into a quantum computer.

Quantum teleportation is the key element in quantum computers. 

The term superposition means that the elementary particles will turn identically by connecting them with a laser or some other energy rays. Or actually, superposition means, that the particle can be in two places at the same time. In that case, the particle pair will turn identically by synchronizing their oscillation identical. In that process the particle pair's another participant will stress by radiation. 

And that participant will send wave motion to another particle which starts to oscillate with the same frequency. That thing causes that between those particles is forming the energy bridge. And when another participant moves the other will also move. This is the thing called quantum teleportation. The reason why quantum entanglement is needed is that quantum teleportation requires the quantum channel between those particles. 

The quantum computer is one of the most powerful systems in the world. But we cannot still live without binary computers. The binary computers are needed to support the quantum computers. Their mission is to decode binary data to the qubit. 

And then decode the data from the qubit to the output devices. The thing that is the problem is this. A quantum computer requires superpositioned and entangled particles to transfer data. In most quantum computers the system uses superpositioned and entangled photons for making the needed quantum entanglement. The problem is that the quantum entanglement would stay less than a minute. And then the system must re-adjust. 

The problem with quantum entanglement is that thing is forming between two particles. And those particles must stay at a certain distance from each other, and they should be the same size. Electrons would be very good things for making the quantum entanglement. But the problem is that the electric polarity of those particles makes them repel each other. And proton-electron pair is not suitable, because the electron is so much smaller than a proton. Superpositioning of those particles will not be possible. Or it's more difficult than superpositioning the particle-antiparticle pairs. 

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The use of matter-antimatter hybrid material in quantum entanglement is a fascinating possibility. 

If we want to put the positron-electron (or proton-antiproton) pair in a stable position. And keep that particle-antiparticle pair at a certain distance from each other we should only use magnets. 

Those magnets will pull the particle and antiparticle from each other. And anchor that pair in a certain position. Then the laser (or maser) ray can create the superposition and entanglement for those particles.

Because electrons and protons are heavier than photons that system is more resistant to the outcoming effects than superpositioned and entangled photons. 

Normally in quantum computers, the system uses superpositioned and entangled photons. But the problem is that photons are so light. Even gravitational waves can affect their position. So some heavier particles can help to keep superposition and entanglement longer time. 

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The problem with photonic superposition is that photons are so light. 

The problem with photonic superposition is that photons are so light. The electromagnetic turbulence and even gravitational waves are disturbing that structure. If the quantum entanglement can create between heavier particles, outcoming effects will not shake that structure so easily. But where those researchers can get similar particles with different polarity? One way is to use antimatter. 

This is why researchers are interested in antimatter. Or sharper saying connecting the antimatter particles with material particles. The antimatter or anti-particle is similar to the so-called regular particle. But its polarity is different. That means the distance of those particles can keep stable simply by making them orbit each other. 

The protium is the antiprotonic hydrogen where antiproton and proton are orbiting each other. And positronium is the system where positron (anti-electron) and electron are orbiting each other. Positronium and protonium can be the next-generation way. For making stable superpositioned and entangled particles. Stabilization of those particles can make by using magnets that pull particles and antiparticles away from each other. And that magnetic field will anchor them to a certain direction. So protium and positronium can use in quantum entanglement. 

https://interestingengineering.com/method-solve-quantum-problems

https://www.tomshardware.com/news/qubit-teleportation-paves-the-way-for-galaxy-spanning-communications

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protonium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_entanglement

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit

Magnetic fields of the universe.

Visualization of filamentary. Seed magnetic fields emerging from large-scale motions, of unmagnetized plasma in a first-principles numerical simulation. Credit: Muni Zhou et al (Phys.Org/How the universe got its magnetic field)

If the giant plasma ball surrounds the universe. The radiation that comes into the universe causes annealing. The universe is like a bubble in an electromagnetic vacuum. And that thing means that the radiation travels outside the universe faster than inside the universe. But why that thing causes the expansion of the universe? 

The reason for that is that the material is denser in the universe. The radiation pushes against material and quantum fields when it moves the particles. If there are no quantum fields and material the radiation cannot push against something. The denser material causes the pushing effect from inside the universe is higher. 

The universe is full of magnetic fields. The strongest of them are surrounding things like neutron stars and black holes. But some of those magnetic fields are extremely weak. The fact is that even if something in the universe is weak, that doesn't mean that the thing is without effects. Distances and dimensions in the universe are far larger than in the laboratory. 

The thickness of our galaxy's material disk is 700 ly. And the Milky Way's diameter is 200 000 ly. The radio signal travels through our galaxy vertically for 700 years and horizontally 200 000 years. That means the time that even the weakest effect would have a long-term influence on the radio signal. So in the universe, the weak effect can be very long-term. And that thing is one of the remarkable things that we must realize in the universe. 

Interaction is one of the things that are causing the problems. Things like super heavy black hole Sagittarius A in the center of our galaxy might seem insignificant. But we must remember that the entire galaxy spins around Sagittarius A. That means the Sagittarius A has the dominant effect on our galaxy and everything around it. But we have very hard to notice that effect. 

Image 2 Local galactic group. 

The things like planet Jupiter are covering the flow around Sagittarius A. The same thing causes finding other universes is extremely difficult. Proving the multiverse theory requires observations of another universe. And that means the shine of galaxies and plasma is covering the shine from another universe. The effect is similar to streetlights. That is covering the shine of the stars. 

The multiverse theory is one theory that seems very true with the big probability. But proving that theory is extremely difficult. 

In that case, the local effect is stronger than the larger effect. And that is the thing that makes the observation of the universe quite difficult. The reason for that is we are in the universe. The fact is that we are also in the galaxy called Milky Way.  So, we might believe that Milky Way is an extremely large thing. Its dimensions are impressive. 

But if we would fly and compare the milky way with the size of its local galactic group we can think that our galaxy is a very small thing. 

Same way, when we are comparing the solar system's size with the size of the Milky Way we might think that our solar system is smaller than the pin end.

And still, we must travel for over a year to our closest neighbor planets. The light and radio signals are traveling to Mars in many minutes. The radio signal travels 11 minutes from Mars to Earth. 

But when we are thinking about the shape of the universe as the plasma ball, and where is the layer, we must remember one thing. If the entire universe has a common magnetic field that magnetic field affects the plasma bubble. That surrounds the entire, visible material. That thing means that there could be some kind of axle-looking ray that is forming poles to the plasma bubble. 

And if all galaxies are traveling in the same direction. That means there is some kind of gravitational center in the universe. But observing a plasma ball is extremely difficult. The brightness of the stars and galaxies are covering that bubble behind them. 

In that case, the cosmic magnetic fields are formed by the dynamo-effect of the plasma that surrounds the hypothetical gravitation center. The magnetic fields in the universe are a mystery. Some of them are around neutron stars. 

But theoretically, there is the possibility that the plasma bubble around the universe sends radiation inside the universe. When radiation hits that giant plasma core it makes it anneal. And the annealing causes the situation that the particles are starting to send radiation. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-magnetic-field.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way

Image 1: )https://phys.org/news/2022-05-universe-magnetic-field.html

Image 2:) https://www.sun.org/images/our-local-group

Pulsars might increase the power of the energy rays.

While radio waves travel in the universe they are traveling through billions of the quantum fields. Some of those quantum fields are extremely powerful magnetic fields around the neutron stars and black holes. In some visions, SETI-program (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) can simply receive the radio signal that is made U-turn around the neutron stars or black holes. The magnetic fields are changing the direction of the radio wave. 

So there is one possibility that the Proxima signal Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1 or BLC1 is the radio signal whose origin is on Earth. The plasma field can turn the direction of the radio signal. But is there so powerful a magnetic field that it can cause the radio signal from Earth makes a U-turn and return home? 

The energy amplification by stimulated emission of radiation is the thing that makes lasers possible. The idea of the simulated radiation emission is simple. When the wave motion that is traveling in space will impact with the wave motion that has the same wavelength stronger wave motion pulls weaker wave motion with it. 

That weaker wave motion raises the energy level of stronger wave motion. The same effect which amplifies laser rays amplifies all other wave motions like radio, gamma, or microwaves. Term maser means microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation and that is the name for coherent microwave radiation. 

The laser or light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation means the coherent light. So laser is the maser system that operates in optical areas. Radio masers are the systems that are making coherent radio waves that can use as communication tools that are hard to eavesdrop from sideways. 

Virtualization of the laser means that the energy will pump to the laser ray. That kind of system can be extremely powerful. If the laser system is virtualized there is no limit to its strength. The virtualized laser system can mean that a large group of satellites is shooting their laser rays into one stronger laser ray. 

The optical telescope can be equipped with virtualized laser systems. At the bottom of the telescope would be a quite small laser. And then the laser LEDs are pumping energy to that laser ray when it travels through them. Things like holograms can also use to increase the power of the laser ray. When a laser ray travels through the hologram. It catches the energy from it. The same way the anneal of the stars and plasma are acting when radiation travels through them. 

And when radio wave travels through galaxies they increase their power. That means that even if we hear radio signals which seem coming close. The origin of that signal can be very far away. So the famous "Proxima signal" can come from farther than we expect. There is the possibility that this signal came through billions of magnetic fields. And the extremely strong magnetic fields of neutron stars also cause the direction of the radio wave changes. So the origin of that signal is a mystery. 

Radio and other radiation strengthen in nature the same way as they get stronger in the laboratory. When the radio pike from the neutron stars are impacting with another radio pike that comes from another neutron star. That thing makes the radiation stronger. Same way when magnetic fields are impacting. That thing raises their energy. When a radio wave travels through a magnetic field that will increase its energy. 

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/pulsars-cosmic-rays-high-energy-universe-particles-light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLC1

The whirling plasma can act as an energy harvester.

The futuristic energy solution might look like this. The shape of the system is a series of bubbles or balls that collect energy for the plasma whirls. Those plasma whirls resend that energy to the core of those balls where they resend that energy to receivers. Originally, the image above this text portrayed the model of the multiverse. But it could also portray the plasma-based energy harvester. 

The spinning plasma looks a little bit like the galaxy. And the energy harvester is the ball-shaped chamber, where the plasma whirl rotates in a magnetic chamber. The axle of the plasma plate would be the laser ray that reflects between mirrors that reflection is 100%. And the magnetic field keeps that plasma away from the core of that ball. 

The plasma whirl collects and resends energy that comes from outside the ball. And the plasma whirl will send energy to the antenna that is in the ball-shaped chamber. That chamber also collects energy and aims it to the middle of the chamber where plasma drives it to the ball's equator. 

One of the most incredible things that might be real is the "miniature galaxy" from the movie MIB. Or, in that theoretical system, the galaxy is the plasma whirl. The plasma whirl is the thing that looks like a galaxy. And the fact is that most of the structures in galaxies are plasma. When the galaxy spins. That plasma takes energy from the galaxy center away like energy travels in the spinning top. 

The axle of the galaxy is the supermassive black holes that are acting as axles of those enormous plasma spinning tops. But in the small plasma whirls, the laser ray can act as the whirl's axle. The laser ray can jump between two 100% reflecting mirrors. And the hollow bubble will transfer energy to that laser ray and plasma whirl around it. When plasma whirls it can act like a galaxy and transmit energy out from its edge. 

The rotating plasma whirl along with the laser rays harvest energy from the radiation that the chamber will transfer into that structure. The laser ray along with plasma is storing energy. And if the energy level that comes from outside crosses the energy level of the plasma that system conducts energy to antennas that are in the same line with the plasma plate. 

http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/multiverse-life-06005.html

Ghostly unseen shadow universe can cause the cosmic controversy with Hubble's constant

Some scientists believe that there is a shadow universe that follows our universe. There is the theory that in that universe time moves backward. Because energy travels from the edge or core of that universe to its center. That makes it hard to detect. But the fact is that universe would also interact with its space. There is radiation that this universe sends. And that radiation affects the core of our universe. 

That core formed when the big bang sent material to the time. When outcoming radiation impacts the core of our universe. That sends radiation inside the universe. That thing causes the quantum annealing in some particles. That quantum annealing is known as "dark energy" pushes the universe outward. 

What is the difference between the multiverse and parallel universe?

We can think that the dimension is the energy level. And if the difference between energy levels in two particles is too high. That means those particles lose their ability to interact otherwise than the gravitation. When the energy level in another particle turns higher it can send the radiation that wavelength is different than another particle. 

So the dimension is also relative. That is the limit of the energy level between two particles. If the difference between energy levels is too high another particle will vanish. And that means that if there is another universe in the fourth dimension that means the energy level of that universe is too high that we can observe it. 

There is a theory that at least some of those other universes are forming of dark matter. And that could explain why we cannot see them. If that is true those universes are sending wave motion or radiation that anneals the dark matter particles in our universe. And that thing can explain why our universe expands as it expands. 

People sometimes misunderstand that a parallel universe is the same thing as a multiverse. They might handle under the same headline. But sometimes, they are separated. 

1) Parallel universe theory means that there are hypothetical universes in the fourth dimension.

2) Multiverse theory claims that there are other hypothetical universes around our universe in the third dimension. 

When we look at some science fiction movies where the hero comes from nowhere and travels between the strange worlds in seconds that is the parallel universe, not a multiverse. Multiverse means that the universes are bubbles that are forming in Big Bang. The problem is that the energy level in all of those Big Bangs is would be different. 

And that means the material that forms other universes could be different than the material that forms our universe. So if another universe forms from the dark matter we cannot see it. There is the possibility that other universes have no planets or stars at all. 

But nothing closes them away. That means that there is a possibility that inside other hypothetical universes are planets and stars that are just like planets and stars in our universe. But some of those other universes could be the giant clouds of elementary particles. The thing that makes it very hard to detect other universes is that the brightness of the objects in our universe covers the radiation that comes from another universe. 

The reason why somebody believes in the multiverse is that multiverse explains the Big Bang. The material in our universe came from the Big Bang. But where did the Big Bang get its energy or material? One of the answers could be the wave-particle duality where crossing wave motion caused the form of material. The problem is that wave motion cannot form from emptiness. There must be some source for the wave motion. 

But even if we would have other universes in our third dimension we must realize that those universes are hard to see. The energy level in those other universes might be different and that means the spin of their particles might be different. 

Also, the size of the elementary particles in those other universes can be different. That means the wavelength of the radiation that comes out from those particles is different than the wavelength of the wave motion that material in our universe sends. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-propose-a-mirror-universe-where-time-moves-backwards?=cWjvcU0m

https://scitechdaily.com/ghostly-unseen-mirror-world-might-be-cause-of-cosmic-controversy-with-hubble-constant/

https://www.livescience.com/multiverse

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-dimensional_space

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse

Are there some taboos in science?

Image: 1)

Doors and Santa-Claus machines. 

NASA's "Curiosity" rover took that image. And it caused many kinds of discussions. Many people see some kind of door in that image. But the thing that caused that door is natural erosion. 

The "door" is a natural formation. But that kind of thing can always start discussions and theories. People have the right to believe what they see. And when we are talking about the "conspiracy theories" about "secret storage" on Mars we must remember a couple of things. Most people who are looking at those images are not geologists. 

And even the best geologists cannot analyze those images in ten seconds. But if somebody mistakenly thought that the image portrays the secret artificial door that person has the right to that opinion. That image looks like a door. The one-meter height doesn't mean that it cannot be artificial. 

Other details cause to determine that the "door" is a natural object. But we can make many hypotheses and theories about what can be behind one-meter-high doors. And one of them is the "Santa Claus" machine. The "Santa-Claus" machines are the "Von Neumann" factories that can make anything programmed in their memories. The Von Neumann machine means self-replicating machine. But the same machine can use in the robot factory. 

The Von Neumann machine can be the factory. That makes the sub robots. And then those sub-robots can make other structures or make another robot factory. 

In the most advanced versions of this machine, the "Santa Claus" machine is a robot factory that can search its raw materials independently. The "Von Neumann" machine can make a copy of itself if it has the right tools. 

Image 2) : A simple form of machine self-replication

And in some horrifying scenarios, the Von Neumann machines can turn into the physical versions of computer viruses. That scenario begins from the idea that the Von Neumann machine is like a cell. And its sub drones are like the antigens. 

If we are thinking that somebody wants to put the 3D printer in the chamber and that printer makes things like quadcopters even the small-size door would be enough. The fact is that the 3D printer or "Santa-Claus machine" will be a more suitable tool for sending to another planet than a single drone or drone swarm. 

The "Santa Claus" machine can make flexibly any kinds of parts and systems if there are lots of iron and other suitable minerals on the target planet. The "Santa Claus" machine can use the centrifugal separation system that separates metals and other elements from minerals. 

The centrifugal separation is used in the nuclear factories for separating U-235 from U-238 isotopes. But the same system can use in the centrifugal separation of all other metals and chemicals. The minerals must just melt by using microwaves. And then centrifuge will separate the raw material from it. The robots that are taking minerals to the printer require a laser spectroscope for detecting those elements. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_machine

Image 1) : https://bulletinreporter.com/alien-door-spotted-on-mars-by-nasa-curiosity-rover/

Image 2) : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-replicating_machine

Image 3)

Are there taboos in science? 

There should be no taboos in science. But the research methodology in some things should remain theoretical level. The fact is that things like eugenics are one of the most inhumane things in the history of science. Eugenics was one of the reasons why Nazis made their concentration camps. Things like fastened evolution. Can be made in those brutal and inhumane conditions.

 But the thing is that we should understand that theoretical models are different than just turning brutal and inhumane things into reality. People should dare to talk about those things. Dare to talk means that there is the possibility that somebody will uncover some psychopath who thinks that those things like fasting evolution in brutal and inhumane conditions are true. 

NASA's Curiosity rover sends the image of the "door" whose height is about one meter to the Earth. That thing is the reason for the natural reactions. But of course, it looks like a door. But things like that "door" should be public. When people are looking at them, they should have time to make their conclusion. The alien life should not be taboo anyway. We should understand that there is the possibility that aliens know where we are. 

Image 3 ) : https://animalia.bio/smooth-green-snake

The little green men. And bizarre scientific theories behind them.

Some bugs are green in daylight. When the sunlight would not affect their skin those bugs turn grey. So the thing that makes vegetables green is chlorophyll. That molecule makes photosynthesis possible. If the animal's skin would be green. That means the animal can live without vegetables. Chlorophyll makes it possible that animals can produce sugars in their skin.

The idea about the little green men is taken from the green snakes. Some snakes are green. And the most well-known of them is the green mamba but also some viper is green. The thing is that the photosynthetic skin makes long-term space travel easier because that crew doesn't need any outcoming vitamin C. 

So that thing makes it possible that the astronauts with photosynthetic skin can eat some bacteria. And photosynthetic skin makes it possible that those hypothetical interstellar travelers can create oxygen in their skin. That removes the need for the free oxygen in the spacecraft's atmosphere. In modern laboratories, scientists can create mammals that have green skins by connecting the genomes that make vegetables creating chlorophyll and the skin cells of mammals. 

Image 4)

The SETI-program. 

If we are thinking the things like western civilization and some tribes in large rainforests in Papua- New Guinea and Amazonas. We are aliens to those primitive tribes. Things like F-35 jet fighters and helicopters are UFOs for those primitive tribes. 

Things like SETI-program have been public. But somehow search for extraterrestrial intelligence has been taboo. But is that thing taboo for scientists or the media? Why people cannot accept that the alien worlds are not straight copies of our planet, but there can still be intelligent life? Many places on earth are hostile to humans. And one of those places is the underwater world. 

But the most of species are living in the underwater world. Fishes are fully adapted to that element which is strange to humans. The thing is that the aliens would be fully adapted to their home planet. That means they could be different than we are. They might have a different culture. And their skin can be photosynthetic. Who knows what they look like? 

Image 4) :  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_telescope

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Could there be a universe before our universe?

There is a theory that there was a universe before our universe. That theory could explain the origin of the material in our universe. But it will not introduce the ultimate beginning of the material. The idea of the universe as the loop that will collide and be reborn is one of the most interesting theories about the origin of the material. But it will not answer where the first universe in the series of the universes got its material? 

This theory is called as "Phoenix-universe theory". In that theory, the universe is introduced as the loop that will be born in Big Bang. Then it continues its expansion which ends someday. And then the universe will end its life in the happen called Big Crunch. 

The ultimate fate of the universe depends on its geometrical shape. If the universe is a sphere it ends its existence in Big Crunch. Otherwise, its ultimate end is the Big Rip. And the "Phoenix universe theory" requires that the ultimate fate of the universe is the Big Crunch. 

The key element in the "Phoenix-universe theory" is that the universe is an infinite loop. That universe ends its life in Big Crunch. And reborn in the Big Bang. So the universe is in the infinite loop where the universe where time travels as we know it and the anti-universe where the time travels backward alternate. 

During that event, all material and wave motion are falling into the giant black hole. Then that black hole detonates. And the existence of the universe begins again and again. That theory cannot answer the question of where all material in the first universe is coming from. And the second question in that theory is also interesting. 

Does that loop continue forever? Or is there the point where the material or energy level in that universe decreases so low level, that the gravitation cannot pull the material back to the middle of the universe? That means the closed universe turns to open. The reason why researchers should think that thing is that the universe always sends radiation outside it. And that thing decreases its mass. 

If the mass of the universe is too low. The energy wins and rips the universe into pieces. But if the ultimate fate of the universe is the big crunch. We will face one interesting thing. When material and wave motion start to fall in the middle of the universe that makes material around the massive black hole near the center of the universe younger. Time starts to travel backward in that universe. 

But does that thing happen when material exists? Or is all material turn to wave motion when it starts to fall into the gravitational center of the universe? One of the key elements in the phoenix-universe theory is that the universe and anti-universe are alternating in that hypothetical cosmic loop. The big crunch causes the ultimate energy load that will erase all material from the past universes. 

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/before-big-bang/

https://www.livescience.com/65299-how-will-the-universe-end.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

Could the quantum tunneling effect explain: why there are problems with Voyager 1 probe radio transmissions?

Image: "NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft, shown in this artist’s concept traveling through space against a field of stars, has been exploring our solar system since 1977, along with its twin, Voyager 2. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech". (ScitechDaily/NASA’s Voyager 1 Spacecraft Mystery: Engineers Investigating Telemetry Data)

Voyager 1 probe travels outside our solar system. And when it sends data to Earth the signal impacts with the plasma ball or impact wave where particles from our sun face particles from other solar systems. That point is called the heliopause. When Voyager 1 sends a signal, it faces that plasma bubble, and then it must tunnel through it. Then it must travel through the Oort cloud. And some of those hyper cold particles have powerful magnetic fields that affect that signal. 

There are mysterious things in the signal of the Voyager 1 spacecraft. The probe's AACS (Attitude Articulation and Control system) doesn't accurately reflect things. That happens onboard. The system works just fine but there are some non-predicted things in the data that this system sends to Earth. So could there be some kind of thing that causes that effect? 

The Voyager 1 travels outside the solar system.  Far away from the Oort cloud, and plasma wave. That surrounds our solar system. That bubble-shaped impact area is the point where particles of our sun impact with particles that are coming from the other solar systems.

When the signal leaves the Voyager 1 it should travel through that plasma ball. And that thing can cause changes in the shape of that signal. But there is also one thing that makes this problem of Voyager spacecraft interesting. 

Image 2) The quantum tunneling effect is similar in all cases. When wave motion hits the potential wall. It turns shorter before it can travel through the wall. The same thing happens to the signal that has the source outside that plasma ball. It acts like in all other quantum tunneling cases. Also part of that signal reflects away from that potential wall. 

Before wave motion passes that plasma wall it turns shorter.  Because the energy level and gas density inside that plasma bubble are different than outside it the wave motion cannot take its original form because the conditions in that quantum systems are different. 

The plasma bubble around our solar system is the potential wall between two quantum systems. And the problems with Voyager 1 can explain why we cannot see other intelligent civilizations. When the signal from other solar systems travels to Earth. It travels through multiple quantum systems.

And each quantum system is different. That will distort the signal. The quantum systems around stars are unique. The red dwarf has no similar plasma bubble to yellow stars. And also interstellar nebulas have their power fields. And they can distort any humanoid signals. 

The plasma outside the plasma bubble of our solar system is very thin. That thing causes that there are less disturbing outside effects in interstellar space than in our solar system. When a signal travels in that space it's faster than radio signals. That travel in our solar system. The reason for that is there are few crossing quantum fields than in the plasma bubbles around the stars. 

When the radio wave impacts the plasma bubble. That causes an effect. That the wave motion turns shorter. Then the wave motion will tunnel through that plasma bubble. Because the conditions inside the plasma bubble around the solar system are different than outside it the radio wave cannot reach its original form. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-voyager-1-spacecraft-mystery-engineers-investigating-telemetry-data/

Image1 :) https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-voyager-1-spacecraft-mystery-engineers-investigating-telemetry-data/

Image 2: )https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling

There could be galaxies where is no dark matter at all.

The new gravitational theory is interesting. There might be galaxies where is no dark matter at all. Or at least dwarf galaxy AGC 114905 might not have the dark matter, because it rotates too slowly. The idea is that dark matter can form clouds and nebulas just like visible matter. So there might be galaxies where is no dark matter at all. 

The slow spin or rotation of galaxy AGC 114905 causes the idea that there is no dark matter at least in that galaxy. Or in some other version of that theory, the dark matter is packed in the one point of that galaxy. In that vision, the dark matter cloud is like a sector or stick in that galaxy. Or most of the dark matter particles are following visible material in that cloud. That thing slows the speed of visible material. 

Or there can be the electromagnetic shadow or vacuum behind particles of visible material. So we can ask if the effect of AGC 114905 is the miniature version of the dark flow. The mysterious movement that makes that all galaxies in the universe might travel in one direction. 

If dark flow exists. It means that there should be a huge gravitational center in the universe. If there is a hyper massive gravitational center it acts like all other gravitational centers. And that gravitational center puts galaxies orbit it like planets orbit stars and moons orbits planets. 

But there is another thing that this new gravitational theory is opening. That thing is that it can explain why dark matter is forming. Or at least partially explain why there is some kind of dark energy. The idea is that when galaxies are rotating they are sending electromagnetic wave motion. 

And at least the gravitational waves are forming in the galaxy's nucleus. All other black holes are sending gravitational waves. Those gravitational waves are traveling in the universe. And sometimes they are impacting to each other. There are points where gravitational waves that are coming from billions of galaxies impact. 

So if the gravitational is wave motion like all other wave motions are. That means the gravitational waves also have wave-particle duality. This means that the impacting gravitational waves are forming the hypothetical gravitons or some other more exotic particles. 

The idea of a graviton is that could be a very short-term particle. When that particle turns back to the wave motion it forms a small-size warp bubble or quantum vacuum. That thing causes the wave motion will drop to that bubble. And that would be the reason for pulling the effect of gravitation. That also could explain why gravitation is neutral. 

But fast-rotating galaxies are sending wave motion that impacts the particles around them. That effect causes the thing called quantum annealing. That term means energy that is traveling out from particles. And that energy is also one thing that pushes particles away from it. 

Quantum annealing should also be the effect of the graviton. When gravitational waves are impacting graviton. It starts to anneal like all other particles. So should that kind of radiation be one of the reasons, why the universe is expanding faster than we expect? 

Or is the reason for that that some galaxies are just rotating faster than they should? In that case, the energy waves that are coming out from the galaxy are causing the effect that pushes the edge of the universe outward. 

But let's go back to the dwarf galaxy AGC 114905  and its extremely slow rotation. The thing is that the only galaxy where is no dark matter doesn't make dark matter non-existent. But it opens the new visions for the origin of the mysterious thing called dark energy and dark matter. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-have-just-revived-a-previously-debunked-alternative-theory-of-gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

Image: https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-have-just-revived-a-previously-debunked-alternative-theory-of-gravity

Quantum cryptology will be a game-changing technology in data security.

The difference between traditional and quantum cryptology is that in quantum cryptology. The encryption and decryption keys are connected to the information. That makes it so difficult to break those messages. But what means that the encryption and decryption keys are connected with the information? 

The thing is that the quantum encryption is similar to making the qubit, but also the binary computers can use the quantum encryption. The idea of quantum encryption is that every single bit that is sent in the network can send by using a certain energy level. If we would use the regular telephone network for sending the message. 

We can think that the voltage meter is the key. So every single power level in that network is a certain depth in the teeth of the key. And when the message is sent the system changes the voltage level during that transmission. And then the receiver will observe how the voltage meter's values are changing. Changes in that measurement tool are like keys and the receiver is the lock. The thing is that quantum security can be virtual. And it's also very effective. 

In virtual mode, the sender will also use the voltage meter but then those values are sent to the receiver as the binary data. If the receiver has the right to open the message that thing requires that the receiving system has the right series of the values in its memories. The fact is that almost every measurement system can operate as a quantum encryption tool. The values of those measurement tools can send to the receiver. There are many ways to make that kind of key to open the message. 

One of the simplest is that this key or series of numeric values are controlling the router. If the router has the right code. It routes the information to the decoder. But if the key is wrong the router can send it to the null wire. And then that thing destroys the message. 

The lasers are excellent things for quantum cryptology. The brightness of the laser ray determines the energy value that makes the receiving system decode the signal. The same lasers that are used for communication can use as a weapon. So if the organization uses the laser cannons they can use them as a communication tool or weapon. Changing the role of those systems depends on their power. 

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/

The supernova is one kind of time machine.

Making particles younger by pumping them energy requires that energy flow from the particle is slower than energy will transfer to it. Theoretically is possible to make material younger by targeting high-energy radiation in it. Or making it travel with the speed of light across the crossing quantum fields. 

The supernova is one of the highest energy events in the universe. The fact is that when a supernova explosion happens in binary star systems. That explosion will increase the energy level of the neighbor star and causes another supernova explosion. 

The thing is that the enormous energy level that the supernova caused can transform another star into a black hole. The high rise in the energy level will affect another star. And it transforms it into a supernova and black hole. 

When a supernova explosion happens. It increases the energy level of the particles around it. So that thing can make those particles younger because they are getting a huge energy load. The high energy levels of the supernova explosion cause the time dilation similar way like particle accelerator causes time dilation in the particles that are traveling in it. The thing that causes time dilation is energy. 

And the particles that are in the effective area of the supernova's shockwave will get a higher energy punch than any laser can form. So the supernova explosion is forming the quantum-size black holes. That thing happens because the energy that hits those particles affects them like laser beams. That radiation increases the energy level of those particles so high that they can form miniature black holes. 

Time dilation is an interesting phenomenon. When the particle's speed reaches the speed of light the aging of that particle stops. The time dilation depends on the speed or energy level of the particle. And is directly proportional to escaping velocity. So inside the event horizon time must go backward. But the thing is that the time dilation in the event horizon is a purely hypothetical thing. That requires that time affects the space. 

The reason why the aging of the particles ends at the speed of light is that. Wave motion or radiation cannot escape from it. The particle travels at the same speed as wave motion and photons. There is theoretically possible to make the system that makes material younger by making it travel at the speed of light. And during that process, the particle must travel across the crossing quantum fields that could be crossing laser beams. 

Making material young by using radiation requires that energy travels out from the material slower than energy is pumping in it. And supernova can pump extremely high energy levels into the material around it. 

The time dilation can make material younger in the gravitational wave there the escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. The reason that makes that thing happen is simple. The particle will travel so fast that it will harvest energy from the quantum fields that it crosses. Whenever a particle crosses the quantum field it takes energy in it. But the thing is that the particles are not traveling faster than light inside the black hole. Particles and wave motion are traveling at the same speed. 

And theories are telling that the particles and wave motion are traveling in the form of the whirl inside the event horizon. So for making the material younger the particle must impact the quantum field that pumps energy into it. The problem is that the particle travels in the black hole same speed as the wave motion. And that thing means that only sideways coming waves impact energy in that particle. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-might-have-just-a-saw-a-superluminous-supernova-explode-twice

https://scitechdaily.com/extraordinary-supernova-reveals-secrets-to-astronomers-a-sort-of-time-machine/

Image: https://www.sciencealert.com/researchers-might-have-just-a-saw-a-superluminous-supernova-explode-twice

https://artificialintelligenceandindividuals.blogspot.com/